2024年漂浮式海上风电共址共存的机遇与挑战研究报告（英文版）-FOW CoE

FLOATINGOFFSHOREWINDCO-LOCATIONANDCO-EXISTENCE

RISKSANDOPPORTUNITIES

PublicSummaryReport

Supportedby

Authors:

CarolineWhalley,ClaireGreig,LukeEatough

Disclaimer

Whilsttheinformationcontainedinthisreporthas

beenpreparedandcollatedingoodfaith,ORECatapultmakesnorepresentationorwarranty(expressorimplied)astotheaccuracyorcompletenessoftheinformation

containedhereinnorshallwebeliableforanylossordamageresultantfromrelianceonsame.

FloatingOffshoreWindCo-LocationandCo-ExistenceRisksAndOpportunitiesPublicSummaryReport

Authors:

CarolineWhalley,ClaireGreig,LukeEatoughDate:25/01/2024

CoverphotocourtesyofPrinciplePower.Artist:DOCK90

CONTENTS

ListofFiguresiv

ListofTablesiv

Nomenclaturevi

ExecutiveSummaryviii

1

BACKGROUND

1

1.1

Context

1

1.2

ProjectOverview

1

1.3

FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence

2

1.4

ProjectPartners

4

2

STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENTFRAMEWORK

5

2.1

KeyStakeholders

6

3

FOWCO-LOCATION&CO-EXISTENCEPRIORITYINTERACTIONS

7

4

FOWCO-LOCATION&CO-EXISTENCEPRIORITYINTERACTIONSDISCUSSION&ROADMAP

11

4.1

Aquaculture

12

4.2

CarbonCapture&Storage

27

4.3

Defence

34

4.4

Oil&Gas

41

4.5

SubseaCables

48

5

CONCLUSIONS

58

6

REFERENCES

59

iv

FIGURES

Figure1ProjectStructure2

Figure2FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellenceIndustryPartners3

Figure3ProjectSteeringGroupMembers4

Figure4StakeholderEngagementStructure5

TABLES

Table1InteractionPriorityMatrix6

Table2InteractionPriorityScores6

Table3:High,MediumandLowPriorityPotentialInteractionsBetween

FloatingOffshoreWindandOtherSeaUsers8

Table4:InteractionA112

Table5:InteractionA213

Table6:InteractionA314

Table7:InteractionA415

Table8:InteractionA516

Table9:InteractionA617

Table10:InteractionA718

Table11:InteractionA819

Table12:InteractionA920

Table13:InteractionA1021

Table14:InteractionA1122

Table15:RecommendedActivityCategories23

Table16:FloatingOffshoreWindandAquacultureInteractionRoadmap23

Table17:InteractionCCS127

Table18:InteractionCCS227

Table19:InteractionCCS328

Table20:InteractionCCS428

v

Table21:InteractionCCS529

Table22:InteractionCCS629

Table23:InteractionCCS730

Table24:InteractionCCS830

Table25:RecommendedActivityCategories31

Table26:FloatingOffshoreWindandCarbonCapture&StorageInteractionRoadmap31

Table27:InteractionD134

Table28:InteractionD235

Table29:InteractionD335

Table30:InteractionD436

Table31:InteractionD536

Table32:InteractionD637

Table33:InteractionD738

Table34:RecommendedActivityCategories39

Table35:FloatingOffshoreWindandDefenceInteractionRoadmap39

Table36:InteractionOG141

Table37:InteractionOG242

Table38:InteractionOG342

Table39:InteractionOG443

Table40:InteractionOG543

Table41:InteractionOG644

Table42:RecommendedActivityCategories45

Table43:FloatingOffshoreWindandOil&GasInteractionRoadmap45

Table44:InteractionSC148

Table45:InteractionSC248

Table46:InteractionSC349

Table47:InteractionSC450

Table48:InteractionSC551

Table49:InteractionSC651

Table50:InteractionSC752

Table51:InteractionSC852

Table52:RecommendedActivityCategories53

Table53:FloatingOffshoreWindandSubseaCablesInteractionRoadmap53

Vi

NOMENCLATURE

CCSA

CarbonCaptureandStorageAssociation

CCUS

CarbonCapture,Utilisation&Storage

EMF

ElectromagneticField

ESCA

EuropeanSubseaCablesAssociation

FAD

FishAggregationDevice

FOW

FloatingOffshoreWind

FOWCoE

FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence

GW

Gigawatt

INTOG

InnovationandTargetedOil&Gas

LCOE

LevelisedCostofEnergy

MoD

MinistryofDefence

MW

Megawatt

NSTA

NorthSeaTransitionAuthority

O&G

Oil&Gas

O&M

Operations&Maintenance

ORE

OffshoreRenewableEnergy

PEXA

PracticeandExerciseAreas

SEPA

ScottishEnvironmentProtectionAgency

SUDG

SeabedUser&DeveloperGroup

UXO

UnexplodedOrdinance

vii

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

TherecentlaunchesoftheScotWindandRound5leasingprocessesmarkedthebeginningoftheleasinganddevelopmentprocessforlargescalefloatingoffshorewind(FOW)

inScotlandandtheCelticSea,respectively.Bothleasingprocessesincorporatedan

extensiveanditerativeconsultationprocessinordertoanticipateandmitigatearangeof

possiblesectoralconflicts.Nevertheless,thepotentialremainsforfutureoffshorewind

developmentsintheUKtohavesomeformofimpactonotherseausers,andgiventhe

earlycommercialstatusofFOWtechnologyrelativetofixedwind,theexactnatureofthesepotentialimpactsarecurrentlyunclear.

Withthisinmind,theFloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence(FOWCoE)launched

theFloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesproject.Theaimwastofacilitateastakeholderengagementprocessthatwouldidentifypotential

interactionsbetweenfuturecommercial-scaleFOWfarmsandarangeofotherseausers,andtoassesstheassociatedchallengesandpotentialopportunities.Theprincipalobjectivewastodeveloparoadmapoutliningaportfolioofactivitieswhich,ifcarriedoutinatimelymanner,coulddeliverbenefitsthatcoincidewithcommercial-scaleFOWdeploymentoverthecourseofthenextdecade,andwouldsupportconstructiveengagementbetweenthe

twosectorsboththroughoutthisperiodandbeyond.

TheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectisintended

toaccompanythepreviousFOWCoEstudy,the

FloatingOffshoreWindandFishing

InteractionRoadmap

,thefindingsofwhichwerepublishedinNovember2021.Assuch,

bothprojectsfollowasimilarapproachandformat.ThescopeoftheFOWCo-location

andCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectprincipallyfocussesonthefollowing

maritimeindustries:aquaculture,carboncaptureandstorage,defence,oilandgas,and

subseacables.ToavoidduplicationwiththeFOWandFishingInteractionRoadmap,and

theFOWCoE’s

FloatingOffshoreWindNavigationalPlanningandRiskAssessment

project(publishedinSeptember2023),thefishing,maritimenavigation,andaviationindustries

wereexcludedfromthescopeofthisproject.

ThefindingsoftheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectaresetoutwithinthisdocument,withadiscussionofpriorityinteractionsandaroadmapofrecommendedactionssetoutinSections3and4.

viiiFloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities

Throughoutthisroadmap,theterm“interaction”isusedtoreflectanypotentialinterfacebetweentheFOWindustryandotherseausersthatcouldresultinsomeformofimpact,eitherpositiveornegative.Anumberofkeyconsiderationsshouldbeborneinmindwhenassessingtheseinteractions,andwhenreviewingtheroadmapingeneral:

•Eachinteractionhasbeenidentifiedonahypotheticalbasisbytheproject’sstakeholderparticipants.GiventheFOWindustry’searlycommercialstatus,itremainstobeseen

whetheragiveninteractionwillbeborneoutinpracticeastheindustrycommercialises;

•Theinteractionswereprioritisedbasedontheinputofabroadrangeofstakeholder

organisations.Whereaninteractionhasbeenmarkedashighpriority,thismayreflect:

thepotentialimpactofitsoccurrence;theperceivedlikelihoodofitspotentialoccurrence;and/ortheabilityofkeystakeholderstointerveneinordertomitigatetheassociated

challengesorexploitanopportunity;

•Onanindividuallevel,eachinteractionisconsideredtobepossibleinprinciple.However,incertaincases,theoccurrenceofoneinteractionwouldimpactthelikelihoodofanothertakingplace.Withthisinmind,eachinteractionhasbeenaddressedwithinthisroadmaponacase-by-casebasis;

•Duetothelackoftechnologydistinctionbetweenthestatic(i.e.buried)sectionof

FOWandbottomfixedoffshorewindfarmexportcables,thisFOWfarmsubsystemwasexcludedfromtheproject’sscopefromtheoutset.

IndisseminatingtheoutputsoftheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksand

Opportunitiesprojectthroughthisreport,theFOWCoEintendstodeliveranaccessible

referencedocumentthatmapssomeofthekeyconsiderationsofco-existingwithother

seauserswithintheUK.Theambitionisthatthisresourcewillprovideafoundationfor

coordinatingaprogrammeoffurtheractivitiesthataddresstheserisksandopportunities

andwillultimatelyhelptosupportcollaborativerelationshipswithothermaritimeindustriesoverthecourseofthenextdecadeandbeyond.

FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesix

1FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities

1BACKGROUND

1.1Context

TheUKoffshorewindindustrysharesthemarinespacewitharangeofotherseausers.Theoperationalrequirementsoftheseotherestablishedmaritimeindustriesmustbeconsideredandaddressedduringthedevelopmentphaseofanynewwindfarm,andassuchtheseotherseausersshouldberegardedaskeystakeholdersrelevanttotheoffshorewinddevelopmentandconsentingprocess.

TheUKhasambitiousgrowthambitionsforoffshorewindgeneratingcapacity,anditis

anticipatedthatasmuchas50%ofthe100GWby2050targetcouldbedeliveredbyfloatingoffshorewind(FOW).ThegreatercomplexityofFOWsubseainfrastructure,andtheabilityof

FOWtechnologytoaccessnewareasoftheseawithdeeperwaters,relativetofixedwind,meansthatFOWdevelopmentscouldbesubjecttonovelconsentingrisksinrespectofitsinteractions

withtheseotherseausers.Therefore,inordertofacilitateatimelyandefficientdevelopmentandconsentingprocessforfuturecommercial-scaleFOWdevelopments,andtoreducetheriskof

delaysbroughtaboutbyuncertainty,thechallengesandopportunitiesassociatedwithcoexistingwithotherseausersshouldbereassessedinrespectofFOWtechnology.

ThisconcernwashighlightedintheFloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence’s(FOWCoE)

FloatingOffshoreWindEnvironmentalInteractionsRoadmap

,whichrecommendedthatfurther,targetedworkisrequiredinordertoaddressthecurrentknowledgegaps

relatingtoFOW-specificco-locationandco-existencechallengesandopportunities.

Todate,theFOWCoEhasdeliveredtwoprojectsrelevanttothisquestion:

Floating

OffshoreWindandFishingInteractionRoadmap

,and

FloatingOffshoreWindNavigational

PlanningandRiskAssessment

.Theoutcomesofthesetwoprojectshavesupported

theFOWindustry’sunderstandingofthechallengesandopportunitiesassociatedwith

coexistingwiththefishingindustry,andthemaritimeandaviationindustries,respectively,andwillinformthescopeofrelatedfutureFOWCoEactivities.

However,thereremainanumberofadditionalindustries–including,forexample,oilandgas,

carboncaptureandstorage,subseacables,aquaculture,defenceetc.–withwhomtheFOW

CoE’sengagementtodatehasbeencomparablylimited.TheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectisthereforeintendedtospecificallyaddresspotentialconsentingrisksassociatedwithco-locatingwiththeseadditionalotherseausers,andtoprovideneeded

clarityonthemeansbywhichthismightbeachieved.

1.2ProjectOverview

TheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectutilisedtheapproachandstakeholderengagementframeworkpreviouslydevelopedfortheFloatingOffshoreWindEnvironmentalInteractionsRoadmapproject.Figure1outlinestheproject’sstructureandcoreWorkPackages.

FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities2

Figure1-ProjectStructure

WorkPackage2

StakeholderMapping

WorkPackage3

Technical

EngagementProcess

WorkPackage4

Roadmap

Development

WorkPackage5

Dissemination

WorkPackage1

Project

Management,Integrationand

Scoping

WorkPackage2facilitatedareviewofpotentialotherseausersandmaritimeindustrieswho

couldpotentiallypresentco-locationandco-existenceconsiderationsforfuturecommercial

FOWdevelopments.Theinputoftheproject’sFocusandSteeringGroups(seeSection1.4)

wassoughtduringthisstakeholderreviewprocess.Whererelevantstakeholderswereidentified,areviewofrelevantguidancedocumentsandresources(specifictothoseotherseausersand

maritimeindustries)wasundertakentoensurethatthesubsequentstagesoftheprojectwereconductedonasfullyinformedabasisaspossible.

InWorkPackage3,aseriesof1-2-1engagementswereundertakenwithkeystakeholders.

AttendeeswereinvitedbasedontheoutcomesofWorkPackage2.Theaimofthese

engagementswastoidentifypotentialinteractionsbetweentheFOWindustryandtheotherseausersidentifiedinWorkPackage2,assessthepotentialrisksandopportunitiesassociatedwiththoseinteractions,andtoscoperelevantfutureresearchandprojectactivitiestomitigatetheidentifiedrisksandexploitthepotentialopportunities.Section2outlinesthestakeholderengagementframeworkinfurtherdetail.

InWorkPackage4,thepriorityinteractionsidentifiedandrecommendationsforfollow-on

workdevelopedduringtheworkshopsweresetforthinaRoadmap(Section4).WorkPackage5oversawthepublicdisseminationofthesefindings.

1.3FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence

The

FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellence

(FOWCoE)wasestablishedin2020bytheOffshoreRenewableEnergy(ORE)Catapultwiththevision:

ToestablishaninternationallyrecognisedcentreofexcellenceinfloatingoffshorewindwhichwillworktowardsreducingtheLevelisedCostofEnergy(LCoE)fromfloatingwindtoacommercially

manageablerate,cutbackdevelopmenttimeforFOWfarmsanddevelopopportunitiesforthelocal

supplychain,drivinginnovationinmanufacturing,installationandOperationsandMaintenance(O&M)methodologiesinfloatingwind.

TheFOWCoEisacollaborativeprogrammewithindustry,academicandstakeholderpartners.Atthetimeofwriting,thefollowingorganisationsareIndustryPartnersintheFOWCoE:

3FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities

Figure2-FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellenceIndustryPartners

Sinceitsinception,theFOWCoEhasestablishedanumberofStrategicProgrammes

inhighpriorityareas.Includedamongtheseisthe

EnvironmentalInteractionsStrategic

Programme

,whichwaslaunchedin2022withtheaimofcoordinatinganddeliveringarangeofactivitiestoaddressFOW-specificenvironmentalandconsentingknowledgegaps.TheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesprojectwas

deliveredundertheEnvironmentalInteractionsStrategicProgramme.

FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities4

1.4ProjectPartners

TheOffshoreRenewableEnergyCatapultistheprincipaldeliverypartneroftheFOWCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunitiesproject.

InordertofacilitatethetechnicalinputandguidanceoftheFOWCoE’sIndustryPartners,a

FocusGroupofpartnerrepresentativeswithrelevantsubjectmatterexpertisewasestablishedattheoutsetoftheproject.ThisFocusGroupincludedrepresentativesfromBP,CIP,EDF,

Equinor,ESB,MainstreamRenewablePower,NorthlandPower,OceanWinds,Ørsted,RWE,SSE,andTotalEnergies.

Additionally,aprojectSteeringGroupincludingCrownEstateScotland,Defra,DepartmentforEnergySecurityandNetZero,MarineScotland,NaturalResourcesWalesandTheCrownEstatewasestablishedinordertoprovideadditionalstrategicguidanceandinputduringtheproject’sdevelopmentanddelivery.

Figure3-FloatingOffshoreWindCentreofExcellenceIndustryPartners

5FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities

2STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENT

FRAMEWORK

TheidentificationkeyFOWco-locationandco-existencerisksandopportunities(interactions),andthedevelopmentoftheRoadmaptomitigateandexploitthoseinteractionswasdirectly

informedbyaseriesof1-2-1structuredstakeholderengagementsessions.Figure4outlinestheapproachundertakenintheseengagementsduringWorkPackage3,wherebytheparticipants

wereinvitedtoidentifypotentialinteractionsbetweentheFOWindustryandotherseausersinthefirstinstance,thenassesstheseintermsoftheirpriority,andthenfinallydevelophigh-levelscopesforrelevantfutureresearchactivities.TheseengagementswereheldremotelyviaMicrosoftTeams.

Figure4-StakeholderEngagementStructure

1.IdentifypotentialinteractionsbetweenFOWandOtherSeaUsers.

2.Assesstheeffectofeachinteraction,identifyingthepriorityareas.

3.Identifyrelevantresearchactivities,includingpotentialdeliverypartners.

Thefirststepofthestakeholderengagementprocessfocussedonidentifyingpotential

interactionsbetweentheFOWindustryandtheotherseausersidentifiedduringWorkPackage2.Theidentifiedinteractionsweregroupedintosix“types”:Physical&Technology;Operations&Navigation;Ports&Infrastructure;Policy&Regulation;Environmental;People&Skills.

Thesecondstepoftheengagementprocessinvolvedassessingtheprioritystatusoftheidentifiedinteractions.Inthecaseofeachinteraction,theparticipantsaddressedthe

followingquestions:

1Assumingnoactionsaretaken,howlikely(i.e.Low/Medium/High)isthisinteractiontooccur,andwhy?

2Whatwouldthelikelyimpact(i.e.Low/Medium/High)beoneachstakeholdergroup?

3Whatcouldbedonetoeithermitigatetheimpactoneachstakeholdergroup,orexploitanypotentialopportunities?

4Basedontheseconsiderations,shouldthisinteractionbeapriorityareaforfurtherprojectwork?

FloatingOffshoreWindCo-locationandCo-existenceRisksandOpportunities6

Table1andTable2outlinehowthepriorityscoreswereassignedbasedonacombinationoflikelihoodandimpact.Theinteractionsidentified,andthepriorityscorestheywere

subsequentlyassigned,aresummarisedinSection3ofthisreport.

Score

Prioritisation

9

High

6

4

Medium

3

2

Low

1

Table1-InteractionPriorityMatrixTable2-InteractionPriorityScores

Impact

Low

Medium

High

1

2

3

Likelihood

High

3

3

6

9

Medium

2

2

4

6

Low

1

1

2

3

Thefinalstepoftheengagementprocessfocussedondeterminingtheresearchactivitiesthatwouldaddressthepotentialimpactsofthehig