专题04 阅读理解（知识梳理+专题过关）-2021-2022年七年级下学期英语期末考点大串讲（广州深圳牛津版）（解析版）

你阅读理解阅读理解技巧点拨阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种：细节理解、词义（组）猪测、推理判断、主旨（段落）大意及标题归纳，下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。一、细节理解题1.细节理解题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：（1）阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。（2）文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。2.解题方法：（1）跳读查找法：这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。（2）排除法：排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first,tobeginwith,afterthat,afterwards,later,next,second,third,then,finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择。我们只需找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。（3）简单计算法：数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。二、推理判断题1.题型特点：这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。2.解题思路：推理和判断两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理中考总复习x时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。3.正确选项的特点：（1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；（2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。4.干扰选项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；【事实重现（不是推理出来的）】（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；【偷梁换柱】（3）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度；【以偏概全】（4）有部分选项的内容纯属编造。【无中生有】三、词义（组）猜测1.考生应该紧扣原文，根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，既不要望文生义，也不要断章取义，更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。干扰项出现的错误选项一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。2.解这类题时应注意以下几点：（1）注意一些过渡词语，如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等，它们直接引出了同义解释；（2）注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果、让步、递进、转折、列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。（3）注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句，以及相似或相反的结构等。（4）对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词，应该猜出可能是专有名词（人名、地名、组织等），因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。四、主旨（段落）大意题及标题归纳题1.题型特点：解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题（mainidea)、结论（conclusion)、结局（ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。2.解题技巧：（1）看文章首尾和各段开头找出主题句，或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。（2）通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。（3）标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题，文章的标题具有概括性的特点，故所选的标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题，切忌所选标题以偏概全。（4）这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。期末真题练练手期末真题练练手2020-2021学年广东省广州市越秀区七年级（下）期末英语试卷三、阅读（共两节20小题,满分30分）第一节阅读理解（共4小题；每小题8分,满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中。AThereoncewasalittleboywhohadabadtemper(脾气).Hisfathergavehimabagofnails(钉子)andtoldhimthateverytimehelosthistemper,hemusthammeranailintothewall.Thefirstdaytheboyknocked17nailsintothewall.Thenheknockedtwofewernewonesthenextday.Overthenextfewweeks,whenhelearnedtocontrolhisanger,thenumberofnailsheknockedintothewallreduced.Hefounditwaseasiertoholdhistemperthantoknockthosenailsintothewall.Intheend,thedaycamewhentheboydidn’tlosehistemperatall.Hetoldhisfatheraboutitandthefatheraskedtheboytopulloutonenailforeachdaythathewasabletoholdhistemper.Thedayspassedandtheyoungboywasatlastabletotellhisfatherthathepulledallthenailsout.Thefathertookhissonbythehandandledhimtothewall.Hesaid,“Welldone,butlookattheholesinthewall.Thewallwillneverbethesame.Whenyousaythingsinanger,youhurtapersonwithyourwords.Nomatterhowmanytimesyousaysorry,thehurtisstillthereinhisheart.”Thelittleboythenunderstoodhowpowerfulhiswordswere.Helookedupathisfatherandsaid,“IamreallysorryfortheholesIputinyouandothers.”41.Theunderlinedword“reduced”inParagraph2meansgetting________.A.better B.worse C.larger D.smaller42.Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodowhenhelosthistemper?A.Tostopbeingangryatonce. B.Toknockanailintothewall.C.Tolookattheholesinthewall. D.Topullanailoutfromthewall.43.Howmanytimesdidtheboylosehistemperonthesecondday?A.2. B.15. C.17. D.19.44.Accordingtothestory,wecantellthatthefatheris________.A.smart B.strict C.proud D.polite45.Whatdoesthestorywanttotellus?A.Nailsareveryusefulforcontrollingone’stemper.B.Knockingnailsandpullingnailsouttakealongtime.C.Sayingthingsinangerislikeknockingnailsintoothers’heart.D.Knockingnailsaremoredifficultthancontrollingone’stemper.【答案】41.A42.B43.B44.A45.CBItisoftensaidthatdogsare“man’sbestfriends”.ButforsomechildreninChina,thisideahasdeepermeanings.WuQi,adogtrainerinShanghai,startedthePawforHeal(PFH)programinChinaabouteightyearsago.Theprogramtrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.Theseanimalshelpelderlypeoplefeelrelaxed.Theyalsohelppeoplewithmental(精神的)illnesses.InShanghai,thedogshavebeentrainedtohelpkidswithautism(自闭症).Theyareeasilyscaredbytheirenvironments.ButwhenthePFHdogsarearound,theyfeelmuchsafer.Petownerscantraintheirpetstobepartoftheprogram.Althoughthistrainingisdifficult(only20%ofdogsenduppassingtheprogram),italsohelpsalotofpeople.“She(mydog)makesmehappyeveryday,andIthinkshecanbringhappinesstootherpeopleinneedaswell,”petownerWangRuisaidinareport.TheprogramisnewtoChina,butWuhashighhopesforthefuture,asheisnowworkingtogetherwithaScottishuniversitytoimprovehisprogram.“ThroughlearningfromtheEuropeanteam,Chinamayshortenthetimetocatchupwithothercountriesinthisfield.”46.WhatdoesthePFHprogramdo?A.Ithelpssickdogs. B.Ittrainspetowners.C.Ittrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed. D.Ittakescareofoldpeopleandchildren.47.Accordingtothepassage,whocangethelpfromthePFHprogram?A.Adogtrainer.B.Adoglover.C.Agirlwithautism.D.Aladywholostherwallet.48.Fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthePFHprogram?A.Petownershavetogiveuptheirdogs. B.Dogscanpassitstrainingprogrameasily.C.Dogscanbeclevereraftergettingtraining. D.Itisanewandgrowingprograminourcountry.49.WhatdoesWuQithinkofthefutureofthePFHprogram?A.Ithasnowaytogo. B.Ithasabrightfuture.C.Itfacesalotofdifficulties. D.Itneedsmorepeoplejoiningin.50.What’sthebesttitleofthearticle?A.FriendlyDogs. B.DogsSavingPeople. C.DogsCheeringYouup. D.DogsTraining.【答案】46.C47.C48.D49.B50.CCLifeislikeacompetition.Allpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Somekidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismeansthereare“winners”and“losers”,andlotsofpeoplearenotwinnersorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloser.Beinga“good”winnerNoonelikesapersonwhoalwaystellsotherswhatheisgoodat.Noonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraise(赞扬)fortheeffortsofateam.Noonelikesthemanwhoalwaysputsothersdowntomakehimselflookgood.Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:◆Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.◆Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.◆Thinkaboutwhatyoushoulddonext.BeinganevenbetterloserOfcourse,it’ssadtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Beingangryorimpolitetootherswon’tchangethefinalresultandwillonlymakeyoulookworse.AndnoonelikesitTobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:◆Bepolite,niceandkind.◆Congratulatetheotherteam.◆Keepanynegative(消极的)thoughttoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.It’sOKtoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon’tdoverywellinagame,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.51.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Itisimportanttowin. B.Youareawinnerorloser.C.Beingslowmeansyouarealoser. D.Winningorlosingisnottheendofagame.52.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwedoafterwiningandlosing?A.Saythankyoutoothers. B.Trytoimproveourselves.C.Bepolitetotheotherteam. D.Keepnegativethoughtstoourselves.53.Whichofthefollowingwillthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A.Agoodlosermakesagoodwinner.B.Winningwon’tcometousifwedon’tgotoit.C.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowantstowin.D.Winningstartswithpracticeandlosingendswithit.54.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelppeoplewintheircompetition.B.Totellpeopletheimportanceofwinningandlosing.C.Toaskpeopletofacewinningorlosinginarightway.D.Toletpeopleunderstandthemeaningofwinningandlosing.55.Wherecanwefindthisarticle?A.Inanovel. B.Inastorybook. C.Inamagazine. D.Inasafetybook.【答案】51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C2020-2021学年广东省广州市海珠区七年级（下）期末英语试卷三、阅读（共两节，满分27分）第一节阅读理解（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下列短文，从26~36各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(A)ThinkofChinaandyou’llprobablythinkofhugecities.Butthecountryisalsohometoseveralcharmingsmallplaces.Let’sexploresomeofthem.TongliTongliisoneofJiangsu’scharmingwatertowns.Surroundedbyfivelakes,Tongliismadeupofsevenislandswith49bridgestogether.Sitonagondolaandseetheprettytownfromthewater,butmakesuretostopoffattheTuisiYuantoenjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.ThesewereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000.YangshuoYangshuoisatourist-friendlytownonthebanksoftheLiRiverinGuangxi.ItsmodernrestaurantsandstoresaremostlyinWestStreet,anditsoldestbuildingismorethan1,400yearsold.Amongthem,visitorswillfindplentyoftraditionalbuildingsandplaces.EnjoysomeslowtravelandcatchaboatdowntheLiRiverfromGuilin.It’ssurelythemostenjoyablewaytoarriveinYangshuo.GulangyuIslandAsasmallislandnearXiamen,GulangyuisfamousforitsbeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.HometoChina’sonlyPianoMuseum,thetown’sothermust-seelocalsightsincludethebeautifulShuzhuangGarden.Atthesametime,youcanclimbupSunlightRockandenjoytheviewsoverthewholeisland.HongcunHongcun,anancientAnhuivillage,liesinthefoothillsofHuangshanMountain.ItishometosomeofChina’sfinestbuildingsoftheMingandQingDynasties,andtheOscar-winningfilmCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonwasoncefilmedinthevillage.ThevillagewithneighboringXidi,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2000.ThelocalsightsincludeChengziHall,alargehomebuiltin1855,andnowactsasamuseum,whichisopentovisitors.26.Howmanycharmingplacesarementionedinthispassage?A.Three. B.Four. C.Two. D.One.27.Peoplecanenjoythescenesof________intheOscar-winningfilm.A.GulangyuIsland B.Tongli C.Yangshuo D.Hongcun28.WhichofthefollowingplacesareaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000?A.HongcunandTongli. B.YangshuoandTongli.C.GulangyuIslandandYangshuo. D.GulangyuIslandandTongli.29.WhatcanyoudoifyouvisitGulangyuIsland?①VisitPianoMuseum.②VisitChengziHall.③HaveamealinWestStreet.④EnjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.⑤EnjoythebeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.⑥EnjoytheviewsoverthewholeislandonSunlightRock.A.①③⑥ B.②④⑤ C.①③⑤ D.①⑤⑥【答案】26.B27.D28.A29.D(B)Treesproduceoxygenforalllivingthings.Treeshelptocleantheair,soilandwater,makingtheEarthabeautifullivableplace.It’stimetosavetreesandprotectforests.SavingtreesaroundyouEverytownandcityhaslawsaboutprotectingtrees,andtellpeoplewhichtreespeciesneedprotectingandwhenandhowit’sOKtocutdowntrees.Insomeareas,rareorverybeneficialtreesareprotectedbylaw.Knowingthelawsinyourareawillhelpyoubetterprotectthetreesthere.TakepartintreeplantationAsimportantasitistoprotectgrown-uptrees,it’salsonecessarytothinkaheadandplantnewtrees.Theywillfinallygettallenoughtocleantheairandhelpkeeptemperaturescool.Manytownsandcitieshaveorganizationsworkingtoplanttrees.Ifyourtownorcitydoesn’thaveanorganizationlikethat,whynotstartoneyourself?Treebytree,youcanmakeadifference.ReducepaperuseIt’simportanttostartseeingtheconnectionbetweenthetreesyouloveandtheproductsyouuse.Ifyou’recrazyaboutsavingtrees,lookforwaystousefewerpaperproductsinyourdailylife:●Useclothtowelsinsteadofpapertowels.It’sasimplechangethatcanreducealotofunnecessarywaste.●Usereusablecontainersinsteadofpaperlunchbags.●Ifyoumustuseapaperproduct,alwaysbuytherecycledone.Choosethepaperlesswaysforbills.Thissimplechangewillmakeyourlifebetterandreducethenumberofdeadtrees.30Whatdoestheunderlineword“They”inparagraph3refertointhepassage?A.Grown-uptrees. B.Raretrees. C.Verybeneficialtrees. D.Newtrees.31.Whatisthecorrectwaytosavetrees?A.Choosingpaperbills. B.Usingrecycledpaperproducts.C.Nevercuttingdowntrees. D.Usingpaperlunchbags.32.Inwhichsectionofnewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A.Environment B.Education C.Fashion D.Travel33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toaskpeopletosavetrees. B.Toaskpeopletoplantmoretrees.C.Toaskpeoplenottocutdowntrees. D.Toaskpeopletousefewerpaperproducts.【答案】30.D31.B32.A33.A(C)ChinesescientistYuanLongping,widelyknownfordevelopingthefirsthybridricestrain(杂交水稻品种),diedofillnessonSaturday,May22,2021.ThetopricescientistinChinapassedawayinahospitalinChangsha,capitalofHunanProvince,atabout1p.m.,accordingtothenewsreport.Havingspentoverfiftyyearsinhybridriceresearch,YuanLongpinghashelpedChinaworkagreatwonder—feedingnearlyone-fifthoftheworld’spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld’stotalland.BorninBeijingin1930,Yuansucceededingrowingtheworld’sfirsthybridricestrainin1973.ItwaslatergrownonalargescaleinChinaandothercountriestogreatlyincreaseproduction,anditpulledcountlesspeopleoutofhunger.Forthenextfortyyears,hecontinuedtoresearchandupgradehybridrice,whichhasreacheditsthirdgeneration.Untilearlythisyear,hehadbeendoingresearchinHainan.Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams—to“enjoythecoolunderthericecropstallerthanmen”andthathybridri