人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义选修七　Unit2Unit4基础知识

基础知识选修七Unit2—Unit41.了解科幻小说所赋予的?°幻想?±，依靠科技在未来得以实现的极大可能；2.激发对动物的关注，鼓励自己去了解动物，爱护动物，引发学生对动物保护的意识。3.了解世界上的贫富差异，从而懂得同情，学会分享，培养互助合作的精神和社会责任感。一、重点单词需牢记1.desirevt.希望得到；想要n.渴望；欲望；渴求desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望/渴望做某事desirethatsb.(should)do要求??haveadesireforsth./todosth.渴望得到某物/希望做某事atone'sdesire照某人的希望Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我们都希望幸福健康。Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoteveryonedesirestogetrich.每个人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金钱。2.favorn.喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒infavorof＝befor对??支持inone'sfavor对??有利dosb.afavor帮某人一个忙owesb.afavor欠某人人情I'mallinfavorof(pletelysupport)equalpayforequalwork.我完全支持同工同酬。Thesituationisinourfavor.形势对我们有利。Sheisnotinfavorwiththemediajustnow.目前她没有受到媒体的赞扬。3.boundadj.一定的；密切相关的beboundto一定做??beboundtosth.被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上beboundupin热心于；忙于Lookatthesky.It'sboundtorainthisafternoon.看看天空，今天下午一定会下雨。4.acpanyvt.陪伴；伴奏acpanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去某地acpanysth.伴随?é¨214岁以下的儿童必须由成年人陪同。Childrenunder14mustbeacpanied__by__anadult.?é?那次旅行他有妻子陪伴。Hiswifeacpaniedhim__on__thetrip.?é¨1我得了重感冒而且发高烧还伴有咳嗽。Ihadabadcoldandhadahighfeveracpanied__with____cough.beacpaniedby由??陪同beacpaniedwith伴有，兼有Heacpaniedhisoldfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出现了什么问题。Thundersacpaniedbyheavyraininthisseasonareverymon.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。5.envyn.&vt.妒忌；羡慕envysb.doing/forsth.忌妒或羡慕某人做某事withenvy羡慕地；忌妒地betheenvyof是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物outofenvy出于妒忌Ienvyyouhavingsuchagoodfriend!我羡慕你有这么一位好朋友！enviousadj.羡慕的；妒忌的beenviousof妒忌??；羡慕??6.witnessvt.当场见到；目击n.目击者；证人；证据witnesstosth./doingsth.为某事作证bear/givewitnesstosth.作证；证明某事givewitnessonbehalfofsb.替某人作证beawitnessto...是??的目击者Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑物。Lifewithoutafriendisdeathwithoutawitness.在世无朋友，死后无证人。7.urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策urgesb.onsth.＝urgeonsb.sth.力劝某人某事；催促某人某事urgesb.todosth.激励某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事urgethat...主张??(用虚拟语气)Hewavedhishandasifurgeuson.他挥挥手似乎在鼓励我们前进。urgencyn.紧急，迫切，急迫urgentadj.紧急的，急迫的；执拗的8.abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandonone'sfriend/hope/idea背弃朋友/希望/主意abandononeselftosth.陷入某事abandonmentn.[U]遗弃；离弃；抛弃；放弃abandonern.放弃者；遗弃者；投保者abandoneen.承保人；被遗弃者?é?3个小时断断续续的降雨之后比赛取消了。Afterthreehoursofintermittentrain,thegame__was__abandoned__.?é¨1他们在一排废弃火炮旁停了下来。Theystoppedbesideabatteryof__abandoned__guns.abandonedadj.被遗弃的；无拘束的Heabandonedhiswifeandwentawaywithalltheirmoney.他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。Theyabandonedthegamebecauseofrain.因为下雨比赛停止了。Heabandonedhimselftodespair.他自暴自弃。9.awareadj.意识到的；知道的be/beeawareofsth.知道??；明白；意识到be/beeawarethat明白??；意识到??bemadeawareofsth.使知道，使清楚asfarasI'maware据我所知Hewaswellawareoftheproblem.他很清楚这个问题。unawareadj.没有想到的，没意识到的awarenessn.知道，认识；意识，兴趣beunawareofsth.不知道，没意识到??lackofawareness一无所知ItisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawarenessofhowtheInternetcanbeused.重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。10.scarevt.恐吓vi.受惊吓scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scaresb.into/outofsth.(doingsth.)吓得某人做/不敢做某事scaredsb.todeath把??吓死bescaredtodosth.害怕的，不敢的(＝afraid)Mymotherisscaredtoflyinaplane.我母亲怕搭飞机。Hewashorriblyscared.他惊恐万状。Thethunderscaredthechildren.雷声吓着了孩子们。scaredadj.惊恐的，担惊受怕的scaryadj.使人惊慌的；胆小的，容易受惊的；可怕的11.adjustvi.&vt.调整；(使)适合adjust(sth./oneself)(tosth.)使适应；适应IusuallyadjustmywatchbeforeIgotoworkinthemorning.我通常早上上班前校准我的表。Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.他很快使自己适应了这个国家炎热的气候。Thesedesksandchairscanbeadjustedtotheheightofanychild.这些桌子和凳子能被调整到适合任何孩子的高度。adjustmentn．调整；修正adjustableadj.可调节的；可调整的12.participatevi.参与；参加；有关系participatein参加，参与Everyoneinclassisexpectedtoparticipateinthesediscussions.希望全班同学都能参与这些讨论。participantn.参加者，参与的人participationn.参与；分享participatein/attend/join/takepartin/joininparticipatein强调与他人一起以积极的态度共同参加活动。attend一般用于指参加会议，出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等。join常用作及物动词；通常指参加某组织或团体。takepartin指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。joinin参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词。13.privilegen.特权；特别待遇vt.给予??特权enjoyprivileges享受特权theprivilegeofdoingsth./todosth.有幸做某事privilegesb.from...给某人特权使某人免于??Ihopetohavetheprivilegeofworkingwiththemagain.但愿有幸和他们再度合作。privilegedadj.有特权的；特许的；幸运的beprivilegedtodosth.荣幸地去做某事Weareprivilegedtoweleyouasourspeakerthisevening.我们荣幸地欢迎你今晚来给我们做演讲。14.donatev.捐赠，赠送donatesth.tosb.向某人捐赠某物Shedonatedalargesumofmoneytothecharity.她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。donationn.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款make/give/presentadonationtosb.捐赠给某人sendadonationto把捐款寄至??promiseadonation应允捐赠15.purchasevt.&n．买；购买；(以某种代价)换得；(经过努力)取得，赢得(常与with连用)madeapurchase买件东西purchaseandsale买卖Thenewcouplespentsomemoneyonthepurchaseofthefurniturenecessaryfortheirnewhouse.这对新婚夫妇花费了一些钱购买新房子里必备的家具。Thefarmwassoldattenyears'purchase.这农场以相当于十年土地收入的价钱售出。

16.distributevt.分配；分发distributesth.to...把某物分配/分发给??distributesth.among...在??分发某物Beforetheopeningceremonyofthesupermarket,someworkersaresenttodistributehandbillsonthestreet.超市开业前，一些工作人员被派去街上散发传单。distributionn．分配；分发；分布状态 二、重点短语需精通1.ringup给??打Onarrivingattheairport,heranguphismothertosayeverythingwasOK.一到达机场，他就打给母亲报平安。ringback回ringoff挂断；停止讲话ringabell唤醒(经常是模糊的记忆)ringupthecurtain开始(一场演出，一个事件或一次行动)2.turnaround转向；回转Ashewalkedtowardsthehotel,hesuddenlyturnedaroundandfoundanoldladyfollowinghim.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。turnaway把(脸)转过去turnagainst背叛；反抗turnon/off打开/关掉turnup出现；调大(音量)turndown拒绝；调小(音量)turnout结果是；证明是3.leave...alone不管；别惹；让??一个人待着；和??单独在一起Leavehimaloneandhewillproduce.别打扰他，他会写出来的。Youshouldn'thaveleftAndyaloneinthemountains,itwasverydangerous.你不该将安迪一个人留在山上，那样太危险。leavebehind留下，遗留leaveaside(把某事)搁置一边leavefor出发前往leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑注意leave的复合结构：leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事leave＋宾语＋adj.使??处于某种状态leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事leavesth.tobedone留下某事要被做leave＋宾语＋名词使??成为??4.help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难Canyouhelpmeoutwiththemathsproblem?你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事withthehelpof在??的帮助下；借助helponeselfto请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用??等)can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住，忍不住can'thelpbutdosth.只能；不得不5.bringin带来；获利，赚；求援；求助；引进Bringthosesuspectsin.把嫌疑犯们带进来。Theseboysbringin￡60aweek.这些男孩子每周赚六十英镑。bringaboutchanges引起变化bringback归还bringdown使倒下；降低；减少bringout使显现；出版bringup教育；抚养；呕吐 三、重点句式能熟用Itwasatimewhenthekillerwhales,or“killers”astheywerethencalled,helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为?°杀手?±)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。Itwas/isatimewhen...曾经一度(那时)Itwasatimewhenshecouldnotbearthepainandwantedtokillherself.她曾经一度无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。【例1】(1)完成句子 ?é¨′我希望他立即回信。Idesireanimmediateanswerofhis.?é¨2他们要我快点回来。Theydesireme__to__return__soon.(2)句型转换他要求你马上去见他。Hedesiresyou__to__go__toseehimatonce.＝Hedesiresthatyoushould__go__to__seehimatonce.【例2】用favor的相关短语填空?é¨′Weareall__in__favor__of__(赞同)thisplan.?é¨2Theexchangerateis__in__our__favor__(对我们有利)atthemoment.?é?Couldyou__do__me__a__favor__(帮我个忙)andpickupSamfromschool?【例3】完成句子?é¨′Ifyoureadfasteveryday，you__are__bound__to__(一定)improveyourEnglishlevel.?é¨2He__is__bound__up__in__(热衷于)collectingantiquesthesedays.【例4】使用恰当的介词填空?é¨′你能陪我去?°水立方?±吗？Canyouacpanyme__to__theWaterCube？【例5】完成句子?é¨′她出于忌妒这样说了你。Shesaidsoaboutyou__out__of__envy__.?é¨2汤姆妒忌他哥哥事业上的成功。Tomwas__envious__of__hisbrother'ssuccessinbusiness.?é?他十分羡慕我的成功。Hewasfilledwith__envy__of__meatmysuccess.【例6】完成句子?é¨′She__witnessed__the__accident__(目睹了那次事故)yesterdayafternoon.?é¨2Manydriversare__witnesses__(目击者)totheWenzhouTrainDisaster.?é?Theoldman__gave__witness__(作证)onbehalfofanaccusedperson.【例7】(1)使用urge的恰当形式填空?é¨′一旦发生紧急情况，打给警察。Incaseof__urgency,__callthepolice.?é¨2他们坚持他们所提出的要求。Theywere__urgent__intheirdemands.(2)句型转换他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。Theyurgedme__to__eat__thestrangefood.＝TheyurgedI__(should)__go__toeatthestrangefood.【例8】用abandon的适当形式完成句子?é¨′由于缺少资金，那个项目不得不被放弃。Theprojecthadto__be__abandoned__forlackoffunds.?é¨2他没有生还的可能，因此人们放弃了搜寻。Therewasnochanceofhimbeingfoundaliveandthesearch__was__abandoned__.【例9】完成句子?é¨′Whenyouwriteyourgoalsinaparticularway,youcanmakeyourselfcontinuouslyaware__of__situationsthatwillbringyounearertoyourgoal.?é¨2Theprincipaldidn'tseemtobeaware__that__thereshouldhavebeensomuchdisputeaboutthedecision.?é?Healthofficialsthroughouttheworldhavetriedtomakepeopleraise__awareness__aboutAIDS.?é¨1Mikeseems__unaware__ofthetroublehe'scausing,otherwisehewouldstopit.【例10】完成句子?é¨′19点以后年轻的女孩们不敢留在外面了，因为她们害怕被抢劫。Manyyounggirlswerescared__to__stayoutsideafter19o'clockbecausetheywerescared__of__beingrobbedinthecity.?é¨2他们设法把熊吓跑了。Theymanagedtoscarethebears__away__.?é?想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。Itscaredme__to__think__Iwasaloneinthebuilding.【例11】用所给单词的适当形式填空①Hesoon__adjusted__(adjust)himselftothewayoflifeandhaslivedhappilyeversince.?é¨2Quiteafewnewsoldierscouldnotadjust__themselves__(them)toarmylifeandfellill.?é?Youcan'tseethingsclearlythroughatelescopeunlessitis__adjusted__(adjust)correctlytoyoursight.【例12】用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空join，joinin，takepartin，attend，participatein?é¨′Theyall__participated__in__theplot.?é¨2Attheageofeighteen,he__joined__theparty.?é?Thechildren__joined__in__theEnglishEveningandhadagoodtime.?é¨1Hedidn't__attend__schoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.?éYZhouEnlai__took__part__in__thestudentmovementsactivelywhenhewasatschool.【例13】用privilege的适当形式完成句子?é¨′他任何时候都有可以来的特权。He__was__privileged__toeatanytime.?é¨2能和她经常性地合作，我感到幸运。I__am__privileged__tohaveworkedwithhersooften.?é?她出身于特权阶层。Shecamefroma__privileged__background.?é¨1这项消息无须公开。Thisinformation__is__privileged__.【例14】完成句子?é¨′He__donated__(捐赠)amilliontotheschool.?é¨2Therestofthemoneywegetis__from__donations__(来自捐赠)．?é?这辆货车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。Thevan__was__donated__tousbyalocalfirm.【例15】句型转换?é¨′这是我前几天买来的一件东西。Itisarecent__purchase__ofmine.＝ItiswhatI__purchased__theotherday.?é¨2你不努力什么也不能得到。Youcan'tgetany__purchase__withoutefforts.＝Youcan't__purchase__anythingifyoudon'tmakeanyeffort.【例16】用distribute的相关短语完成句子①这份报纸是免费散发的。Thenewspaper__is__distributed__free__．?é¨2那位老师把书发给了学生。Theteacher__distributed__thebooks__to/among__thestudents.【例1】使用恰当的介词或者副词填空?é¨′今早他刚起床就有人给他打了。Themomenthegotupthismorning,someoneranghim__up__.?é¨2见老板进来他赶紧挂断假装在工作。Seeinghisbossing,hehurriedtoring__off__andpretendedtobeworking.【例2】使用恰当的介词或者副词填空?é¨′Lily无法想象要是她丈夫背叛她会怎样。Lilycan'timaginewhatifherhusbandturns__against__her.?é¨2虽然贫穷，女孩仍毅然拒绝了别人的帮助。Thoughpoor,thegirlturned__down__others'helpfirmly.?é?他听到一个声音，但转身却没发现有人。Heheardavoicebutwhenheturned__around,__hesawnobody.【例3】(1)使用恰当的介词或者副词填空?é¨′老板携款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。Thebossescapedwithallhisfortuneandleftanemptyfactory__behind__.?é¨2他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。Hewasaskedtoleave__for__anothercityin24hours.?é?老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词省去。Theteacherrequiredustoleave__out__someunnecessarywordsinouressays.?é¨1哎呀不好！我把文书工作忘在办公室了。Oh,no！I'veleftthepaperwork__in__myoffice.(2)完成句子他父母在事故中去世，留下他成了一个孤儿。Hisparentsdiedintheaccident,__leaving__himanorphan.【例4】使用恰当的介词或副词填空?é¨′在老师和同学们的帮助下，小明终于摆脱了爱玩电子游戏的习惯。__With__thehelpoftheteacherandhisclassmates,XiaoMingmanagedtohelphimself__out__of__hisproblemwithputergames.?é¨2请随便吃点鱼。Pleasehelpyourself__to__somefish.【例5】使用恰当的介词或副词填空?é¨′去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入？Howmuchdidthesidelinebringthefarmerfamily__in__lastyear??é¨2他们开始使用英语，但他们同时也从自己的语言中吸收一些词汇。TheybegantouseEnglish,buttheyalsobrought__in__somewordsfromtheirownlanguages.【例】完成句子①曾经没人能理解我的计划和雄心。Itwasatime__when__noonecouldunderstandmyplanandambition.?é¨2现在这一社区的人们相互帮助，和谐相处。Itisatime__when__peopleinthemunitywouldliketohelpeachotherandliveharmoniously.一、单句语法填空1.Pleaseseethe__acpanying__(acpany)bookletsformoreinstructions.2.Youexamineapatientandthenyoudecidewhetherornot__to__operate__(operate).3.Tomy__satisfaction__(satisfy),mybrotherpassedtheexamination.4.Popular__sympathies__(sympathy)areonherside.5.Thegovernmentwillprovidetemporary__acmodation__(acmodate)foruptothreethousandpeople.6.__Conservation__(conserve)programscannotfunctionwithoutlocalsupport.7.Thisbookisa__reflection__reflectvt.(reflect)oftheprogressinChinesesociety.8.Inhersparetimeshedoes__voluntary__(volunteer)work.9.Helovesthe__security__(secure)ofahappyhomelife.10.Intheexams,makesurethateverythingyouwriteis__relevant__(relevance)tothequestionsyouhavebeenasked.二、用短语的适当形式填空dryout，reachfor，upsidedown，bedyingto，throw...outof，infavourof，stick...outof，set...aside，testout，inneed1.Watertheplantsregularly,neverletthesoil__dry__out__．2.Don't__stick__yourarm__out__of__thecarwindow.3.Thenaughtychildisalwaysturningeverythingintheroomupside__down．4.Themansuddenly__threw__himself__out__of__thewaterandsaid，“I'mhere”．5.He__set__alloffers__aside,__whichmadeothersangry.6.Lawswillhavetobemadetoensurethatcloningresearchesdevelopfurther__in__favour__of__mankind.7.Thismodel__had__been__tested__out__beforeitwasputintoproduction.8.He__reached__for__hisgunwhenheheardtheenemy'ssound.9.Allofthem__are__dying__to__seethemovie.10.Rememberthatwhenbothofyouwere__in__need,__Iwastheonewholoanedyoumoney.insatisfaction满意地toone'ssatisfaction对??感到满意besatisfiedwith对??感到满意besatisfiedtodo对做??感到满意Hesmiledinsatisfactionwhenhewontherace.他赢得赛跑后满意地笑了。expresssympathyfor(对??表示)慰问feel/havesympathyfor同情outofsympathywith对??不同情反映(某事物的性质)；表现；反射reflectionn.反映(某事物的性质)；表现；反射reflecton仔细考虑berelevantto＝havesth.todowith＝haverelevanceto与??有关havenorelevanceto＝havenothingtodowith与??无关dryout(使)变干，干透dryup(河流，湖泊等)干枯，(使)完全变干stickout(ofsth.)＝sticksth.outof伸出；突出upsidedown上下翻转insideout里面朝外，翻面的throwoneselfoutof跃出throwoneselfat冲向throwaway扔掉throwup呕吐throwoneselfinto投身于；积极从事throwsb.intoprison把某人送入监狱setaside将??放到一边；节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑setdown记下，写下setoff动身；爆炸setout出发；开始做??setup创立，建立；竖起testout考验；试验testonsb./sth.在??(身上)做实验/试验have/takeatestin参加??考试reachfor伸手碰到/去拿/够到??reachto达到；触到within/outof/beyondone'sreach在某人伸手可及/够不到的距离表示“渴望”的相关短语：bethirstyforsth.beeagertodosth.desiretodosth.＝haveastrongdesireforsth.longtodosth./forsth.starveforsth.haveanurgetodosth.bekeentodosth./bekeenondoingsth.第一部分基础知识选修七～选修八1.了解中国学生在出国旅游和留学时遇到的文化冲突，树立挑战新生活的信心，感受外国文化及人文气息。2.了解美国的多元文化特征，培养跨文化交际意识；通过对加州移民的深入了解认识到?°美国是民族的熔炉?±。3.了解克隆技术的优缺点，学会表达和支持个人观点。一、重点单词需牢记1.remendvt.推荐；建议remendsb.＝remend...tosb.向某人推荐，介绍remendsb.for推荐某人做??remendsb.as推荐某人为??remendsth.for推荐某物做某种用途remenddoing建议做??remendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事remendthat...建议……Theteacherremendedustoreadthenovel.＝Theteacherremendedthatwe(should)readthenovel.老师建议我们读一下这本小说。remend，suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，mand等词所在的名词性从句，以及它们的过去分词所在的?°Itis/was＋过去分词＋主语从句?±等结构中的谓语动词用shoulddo形式，should可省略。2.fortn.舒适；安慰vt.安慰fort...with以??安慰；以??使舒适fortsb.forsth.因某事安慰某人givefortto(sb.)安慰(某人)take/have/findfort(in...)(从??中)得到安慰Youareagreatforttoyourparents.你是你父母最大的安慰。fortableadj.安乐的；合适的；令人感到安慰的；惬意的befortableabout/withsth.对某事感到轻松/惬意3.substituten.代替者；代用品vt.用??代替??asubstituteforsth.某物的代替者(代用品)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor代替Weusehoneyasasubstituteforsugar.Weremendthisbrandasagood__substitute__．?é?史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。Mr.Smith__substituted__for__theteacherwhowassick.我们用蜂蜜作糖的替代品。Wemustsubstituteanewchairforthebrokenone.我们的这把破椅子得换新的了。substitutionn.代替；替换4.acknowledgevt.承认；确认；答谢acknowledgesth.承认某事acknowledgedoingsth.承认做了某事acknowledgethat...承认??acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as承认某事/某人是??acknowledgehelp对帮助表示感谢It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthat...??是大家公认的McCainacknowledgedhavingbeendefeatedintheUSpresidentialelection.麦凯恩承认在美国总统大选中失败了。Heiswidelyacknowledgedasthebestsingerintheworld.普遍认为他是世界上的最佳歌手。Heacknowledgedthathehaddonewrong.他承认他做过错事。acknowledgementn.承认；感谢inacknowledgementof以感谢??5.contradictvt.反驳；反斥；否认；与??矛盾contradictoneself自相矛盾contradictsth.同??矛盾，同??抵触Youractionscontradictyourdeclaredmoralprinciples.你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。I'msorrytocontradictwithyou,butIdidn'tsaythat.很抱歉与你的意见相左，但我没有说过那样的话。contradictionn.矛盾；反驳contradictoryadj.相矛盾的incontradictionwith与??矛盾着，与??相抵触6.occupyvt.占用；占领；占据beoccupiedwith忙着做??；忙于某事物keepsb.occupied使某人忙碌occupyoneselfwith/in(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事beoccupiedin(doing)/withsth.忙于(做)某事；正在做某事Theworkersareoccupiedinbuildingnewhouses.建筑工人们正忙于建造新房子。Sheisoccupiedinwritinganovel.她忙于写小说。occupationn.职业Pleasefillintheformstatingyouroccupation.请在表格中填入你的职业。7.meansn.手段；方法Allmeanshavebeentried.＝Everymeanshasbeentried.所有的方法都已尝试过了。means作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式要根据句子的具体含义而定。bymeansof...用??办法；借助??byallmeans一定，务必；好的，当然可以bynomeans决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)byeverymeans用尽一切可能的办法way，method，means和mannerway是普通用词，可指一般的方法，也指个人的方法或方式或者是特殊的方式或方法。method是指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。means单复数形式相同，是指为了达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。manner通常用来指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法。8.majorityn.大多数；大半thegreat/vastmajority绝大多数，几乎全部bein(the)majority构成多数；占多数themajorityof＋n.大多数的??Themajorityis/areinfavourofbanningsmoking.大多数人支持禁烟。Themajorityofthestudentsarefromthecountryside.大部分学生来自农村。themajority作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；themajorityof作主语时，若后跟可数名词复数，则表示?°??中的大部分?±，谓语动词常用复数形式。majorityn．(多数)?úmajoradj.(数量)较大的minorityn．(少数)?úminoradj.(数量)较少的9.occurvi.发生；出现occurto(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事itoccurstosb.that...某人想到??ItoccurredtomethatIhadseenhersomewherebefore.我想到以前在什么地方见过她。10.differvi.不同；相异AdiffersfromBin...A与B在??方面不同AdifferswithBabout/on/over...A与B就??意见相左Ourinterestinsportsdiffersfromeachother.我们对体育的爱好彼此不同。?é?Thisisadifferentcar__from__theoneIdroveyesterday.(2)用differ的适当形式填空Itdoesn'tmakea__difference__tomewhetheryouaregoingtostay.tellthedifferencebetweenAandB辨别A和B的异同makeadifference有所差异makenodifference没有差别AbedifferentfromBinsth.A与B在??方面不同??11.castvt.(cast,cast)扔；投；掷castdown沮丧；不愉快castaside把??丢在一旁；抛弃；消除castaway放弃；(船难时)丢下人castoff抛弃；脱掉；解缆起航Anybodywouldbecastdownatsuchbadnews.这样的坏消息谁听了都会感到沮丧。Ifyouwerecastawayonadesertisland，whatwouldyoumissmost?如果你因沉船而被丢在荒岛上，你最想念什么？castdown通常用于被动语态。12.objectvi.反对；不赞成vt.提出??作为反对的理由n．目标；物体；宾语objecttosb./sth.不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事Nooneobjectedtotheplan.没有人反对这项计划。objectionn.不赞成；反对；异议objectiveadj.客观的haveanobjectionto...反对??raise/voiceanobjection提出异议13.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck)打；撞击；罢工n.罢工Neverstrikeyourwifeevenwithaflower.决不要打你的妻子，哪怕是拿鲜花。Wewerestruckwiththunderbythenewsofwar.战争的消息使我们大吃一惊。strikeat向??打击bestruckbythebeauty被美景/貌所迷住bestruckwith(by)为??所袭击/触动/感动go/eonstrike实行罢工strike...intoone'sheart使??刻骨铭心strikern．罢工的人strikingadj.引人注意的14.vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的invain白费力气；枉费心机Hetriedtosavehissonfromdrowning，butinvain.他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但是徒然。invain用于句首时句子要用倒装结构。15.resistvt.抵抗；对抗；忍住resistsb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth.抵制干某事can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.禁不住干某事behard/impossibletoresist难以拒绝Shecouldn'tresistlaughingwhenshesawthatyoungman.当她看到那个年轻人的时候，她忍不住笑了起来。resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的resistancen．抗拒；反对；抵抗力beresistantto对??有抵抗力二、重点短语需精通1.keepitup保持优秀成绩；继续干下去Welldone,andkeepitup，Tom!干得好，汤姆，再接再厉！keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)keepone'shead/temper保持冷静/强压怒火keepaschool/family/diary开办学校/养家糊口/写日记keepone'sword/keepone'spromise履行诺言keepthelaw守法keepintouchwith与??保持联系keepaneyeon...照看；密切注视keepupwith跟上；保持同步水平不落后keepawayfrom(常与from连用)远离；不接触keeptosth.信守；坚持；坚守；不违背(诺言、计划等)keep...from(doing)sth.避开；禁止；克制2.liveon继续存在；继续生存Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。liveonsth.以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活livebydoingsth.靠做某事为生liveforsth.以某事物为生活目标livethroughsth.经历某事物而幸存liveuptosth.依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准livewithsth.接受或容忍某现象livetobe...＝livetotheageof...活到??岁livea．..life过着??的生活3.takein包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.学生发现你的课很好懂。Ourpartybranchtookinanewmemberyesterday.我们党支部昨天吸收了一名新党员。Thesalesmanfindsiteasytotakeinoldladies.这个推销员发现老太太容易上当受骗。takeapart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) takedown拿下，取下；拆卸；记下takeback取回，带回；收回说过的话；使??回忆起昔日takeup开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理takeiteasy别紧张，慢慢来takeover继承，接收，接管takeoff脱下(衣服等)；起飞takeon承担，从事；呈现takeone'splace就座4.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清Atlast,hishardworkpaidoff.最后，他的努力得到了回报。Ittookhimfouryearstopayoffthatjudgment.他花了四年时间才付清被判罚的债务。payfor付??的钱；为??而付出代价paybacksth.(paysb.backsth.)偿还paysb.(...)forsth.因某事而付某人??paysb.(...)todosth.付某人(??)去做某事5.fromtimetotime不时；偶尔Fromtimetotimeahelicopterflewby.空中不时地有直升机飞过。atonetime从前(某个时候)；曾经；一度atatime每次；一次forthetimebeing暂时innotime很快；立刻atnotime在任何时候都不；决不intime及时；迟早；过了一段时间killtime消磨时间6.bringbacktolife使复生；使复活Itisimpossibletobringadeadpersonbacktolife.让一个人死而复生是不可能的。bringsb./sth.tolife使更有趣/生动；给??以活力；使苏醒etolife变得活跃；变得有趣；苏醒过来etooneself(昏迷后)苏醒过来；醒悟过来Agreatactorcanbringacharactertolife.一个伟大的演员能让角色生动起来。三、重点句式能熟用1.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多民族、多文化的混合体。Itisbelievedthat...人们相信??；人们认为??Itissaidthat...据说Itisreportedthat...据报道Itisknownthat...众所周知2.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。that在引导表语从句的时候没有实义，但是不能省略。但是其他的连接词有词义变化。Theworkers'demandisthattheirwages(should)beincreasedby15%.工人们的要求是增加百分之十五的工资。Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.问题是他为什么哭了。3.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbeeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。同位语从句一般是紧跟在与其同位的词后面的。但是，由于表达不同意义的需要，同位语从句可以被句子其他成分隔开，这种从句就叫作?°分隔同位语从句?±。Wehavenoideaatallthathehasgone.我们一点儿都不知道他已经走了。 【例1】用remend的适当形式填空?é¨′Thepillsare__remended__for__acold.?é¨2Wouldyou__remend__agoodbook__to__me?＝Wouldyou__remend__me__a__good__book__??é?Canyou__remend__Mrs.Hill__as__agoodtypist??é¨1I__remend__going__(go)bysubway.?éYThedoctorremendsme__to__have__(have)arest.＝ThedoctorremendsthatI__should__have__arest.【例2】用fort的相关短语填空?é¨′任何人都能享受我心爱的椅子所给予的背部舒服。Anyonecanenjoy__forting__theirbacks__with__myfavoritechair.?é¨2亲人们前来安慰失去父母的那个小孩。Thefolkscameto__fort__thechild__for__thelossofhisparents.＝Thefolks__give__a__fort__to__thechildforthelossofhisparents.【例3】完成句子?é¨′我把名单上我的名字换成了你的。I__substituted__yourname__for__mineonthelist.?é¨2我们推荐的商标完全可以替代原来的。【例4】(1)同义句转换?é¨′Theyacknowledgedhavingbeendefeated.＝Theyacknowledgedthat__they__had__been__defeated__.?é¨2Mostpeopleacknowledgedthathewasinnocent.＝__It__was__generally__acknowledged__thathewasinnocent.(2)完成句子?é¨′Doyou__acknowledge__your__fault__(承认是你的过失)??é¨2She__is__acknowledged__as__(被公认为)thebesttennisplayerintheworld.【例5】完成句子①他所说的话与事实相矛盾。Hisstatement__contradicts__with__thefacts.?é¨2那些事实与他的理论相悖。Thefacts__contradict__histheory.?é?在政治辩论中，平等和自由经常被认为是互相矛盾的。Inpoliticaldebates,equalityandlibertyareoftenconsideredtobe__in__contradiction__with__eachother.【例6】使用恰当的介词填空?é¨′这个座位有人占吗？Isanyone__occupying__the__seat__?＝Isthisseat__occupied__??é¨2这种游戏会让孩子们玩上一阵子的。Thisgamewill__keep__thechildren__occupied__．?é?他在教育部担任要职。He__occupies__animportantpositionintheMinistryofEducation.?é¨1教师不仅要专心于教书还要育人。Ateachershouldbe__occupied__with__educationaswellas__with__teaching.【例7】(1)用means，way，method填空?é¨′Thesevegetablescanbecookedindifferentways．?é¨2Onlyinthis__way__canyoufindoutthetruth.?é?Bythis__means__Igetintouchwithhim.④Weexpressourthoughtsby__means__ofwords.?éYHaveyoutriedthenewmethod?(2)完成句子?é¨′我绝不会借给他钱！__By__no__means__shallIlendhimmoney!?é¨2他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。Helethimselfdownslowly__by__means__of__arope.【例8】(1)使用恰当的介词填空?é¨′Amongthemembersofthemitteethosewhofavortheproposedchangesare__in__themajority.?é¨2Theyhadalargemajority__over__theotherpartyatthelastelection.(2)用所给词的适当形式或根据汉语提示填空?é¨′Englishspeakersformthe__majority__(大多数)ofthepopulation.?é¨2Themajorityofpeople__prefer/prefers__(prefer)peacetowar.?é?Themajorityofthedamage__is__(be)easytorepair.【例9】完成句子?é¨′Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongnevereven__occurred__to__her.?é¨2Agoodidea__occurred__to__him.?é?__It__had__never__occurred__to__him__that__(他从没想到)hemightbefallinginlovewithher.【例10】(1)使用恰当的介词填空?é¨′Thetwosquaresdiffer__in__colorbutnot__in__size.?é¨2Thehusbanddiffers__with__thewife__on/about/over__whoistotakechargeofthemoney.【例11】完成句子?é¨′我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤岛上，没有食物也没有水。Wewere__cast__away__onanislandwithoutfoodorwater.?é¨2Don'tbeso__cast__down__(沮丧).Ibelieveyouwillpayoffsoonerorlater.?é?你确实应该抛弃这些坏习惯。Youreallymust__cast__off__allthesebadhabits.【例12】用object的适当形式填空?é¨′Somepeople__objected__thatthenewtaxlawwasunfair.?é¨2Various__objects__wereonthetable.?é?Nobodyraisedany__objection__tomydoingitrightnow.?é¨1Ajudgemustgivean__objective__opinion.【例13】完成句子?é¨′我想把一颗钉子敲进墙里。Iwanttostrikeanail__into__thewall.?é¨2他被西湖的美丽迷住了。He__was__struck__by__thebeautyoftheWestLake.?é?我突然想起个好主意。Agoodidea__struck__me.?é¨1他们正在为反对那场不正义的战争而罢工。They__are__striking__againsttheunjustwar.【例14】完成句子?é¨′他们所有的尝试都是徒劳。Alltheirattemptswere__in__vain__．?é¨2他怎么背都没办法把那首诗背出来。Hetried__in__vain__tomemorizethepoem.?úInvain__did__he__trytomemorizethepoem.【例15】用resist的相关短语完成句子?é¨′Idon'tknowhowto__resist__my__anger__(抑制我的愤怒)．?é¨2Iwasunableto__resist__crying__(忍不住哭了)．?é?Thecropsarebetter__at__resisting__diseases__(抗病方面更好).【例1】完成句子?é¨′Thepoliceaskedthepeopleto__keep__away__from/keep__off__