专题07 阅读理解（说明文）-学易金卷：三年（2021-2023）中考英语真题分项汇编（江苏专用）（解析版）

专题07阅读理解（说明文）学易金卷：三年（2021—2023）中考英语真题分项汇编（江苏专用）（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsacomputerthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybegantoengageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich“friend”tocallonatouchscreencomputerandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices.IlyenaHirskyj-Douglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandaco-authorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelpedmanypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”Theirstudyof18petparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesofparrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyare,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orself-harmingbehaviorssuchasfeather-plucking.Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofacomputertomakeacalltothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileownerstookdetailednotesonthebirds’behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofootage.JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow”thattheywerecommunicatingwithotherbirds.“Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystemwiththeirparrotsinthefuture,”shesaid.“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,”saidHirskyj-Douglas.“Somewouldsing,somewouldplayaroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”1．Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.A．ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocalls B．ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocallingC．whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefit D．whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetparrots?A．Theirwaytocommunicateissinging. B．Mostofthemusedtoliveinlargegroups.C．Themostpopularonesmademostcalls. D．Theycanmakevideocallsbythemselves.3．Whichwordhastheclosestmeaningto“isolated”?A．amazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely4．Thefollowingparagraphcanbestgoafter________.Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph2 C．Paragraph3 D．Paragraph4【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员使用视频通话帮助宠物鹦鹉摆脱孤独。1．细节理解题。根据“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.”可知，在美国，有2000万只鹦鹉生活在人们的家中，我们想探索一下这些鹦鹉是否也能从视频通话中受益。由此可知，这项研究的主要目的是找出鹦鹉是否能从视频通话中受益。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“thestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鸟类的鹦鹉是最受欢迎的选择。由此可知，最受欢迎的打了最多的电话。故选C。3．词句猜测题。分析“Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated”可知，被允许与其他鸟类进行视频通话的宠物鹦鹉显示出感觉不那么孤立的迹象，此处isolated的意思是“孤立的”，故选D。4．推理判断题。分析“Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.东北大学的丽贝卡·克莱因伯格是这项研究的第一作者，她表示视频通话可以再现群体生活的一些社会效益。”可知，本句介绍的是该研究中视频通话的效益，与第四段结尾“Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orself-harmingbehaviorssuchasfeather-plucking.”语境相符，逻辑相连。故选D。（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(观察),hypothesis(假设),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbecompletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.5．Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B．Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C．Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D．Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.6．WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?A．Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.B．Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.C．Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.D．Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto(指的是)?A．Thehypothesis. B．Theconclusion.C．Thequestion. D．Theobservation.8．WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?A．Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.B．Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.C．Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.D．Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.【答案】5．A6．A7．B8．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据“Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。7．词句猜测题。根据“Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“Theconclusion”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Poemsplaywithsounds,words,andgrammar.Thatmakespoemsdifficulttowritebutveryinterestingtoread.Theyusecolours,feelings,experiences,andimagestopaintapictureinyourmind.Let’shavealookatthefollowingChineseclassicalpoem:OntheStorkTowerByWangZhihuanThesunalongthemountainbows,TheYellowRiverseawardsflows,Youcanenjoyagrandersight,Ifyouclimbtoagreaterheight,TranslatedbyXuYuanchongInChineseclassicalpoems,theformisveryimportant:thecorrectnumberoflinesandthenumberofwordsineachline.Poemsoftenfollowspecialmodelsofrhythm（节奏）andrhyme.However,modernpoetsbegintorejecttraditionalformsandstructures（结构）forpoemsinthe20thcentury.Asaresult,mostpoemstodayarewritteninfreestyle,withlinesofdifferentlengths.TodaymanyChinesepeoplearebecomingmoreinterestedinreadingpoems,nomatterinwhatlanguagetheyarewritten.Translationscanbegood,butbeingabletoreadintheoriginal（最初的）languageisbest.9．WhatdothefirsttwolinesofthepoemOntheStorkTowershow?A．Love. B．Sights. C．History. D．Feelings.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reject”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Throwaway. B．Carryon. C．Agreewith. D．Takeup.11．Whatdoesthewriterofthepassageprobablybelieve?A．Itismucheasiertowriteclassicalpoemsthanmodernpoems.B．Peopleshoulddevelopthehabitofpaintingpicturesafterreadingpoems.C．Chineseclassicalpoemsshouldfollowfreestylewithlinesofdifferentlengths.D．Nomatterhowwellapoemistranslated,someofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.【答案】9．B10．A11．D【导语】本文介绍了古诗和现代诗歌的特点。9．推理判断题。根据“Thesunalongthemountainbows,TheYellowRiverseawardsflows”可知，《登鹳雀楼》的前两行；白日依山尽，黄河入海流，介绍了美丽的景色。故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据“InChineseclassicalpoems,theformisveryimportant:thecorrectnumberoflinesandthenumberofwordsineachline.Poemsoftenfollowspecialmodelsofrhythm（节奏）andrhyme.”和“Asaresult,mostpoemstodayarewritteninfreestyle,withlinesofdifferentlengths.”可知，古代的诗歌形式是固定的，遵循特殊的节奏和韵律模式，而现代的诗歌都是自由式的，每一行诗长短不一。故可知现代诗人拒绝传统的诗歌形式和结构，划线部分意为“拒绝，抛弃”，与Throwaway表达的意思相近。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据“Translationscanbegood,butbeingabletoreadintheoriginal（最初的）languageisbest.”可知，虽然诗歌翻译过来很好，但是最好还是阅读原文，可推知作者认为一首诗翻译得再好，也会失去原作的一些精神。故选D。（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturntolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.Beesfold(折叠)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikeafly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insectswithyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtogetstungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesandleavethefliesalone.Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adultflowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerfliescantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainoverflowers,leaves,orevenyou!12．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyseethispassage?A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Health.13．Inwhichwayarebeesandflowerfliesdifferent?A．Thefoodthattheyeat. B．Thecolouroftheirstripes.C．Thewaytheyhelpgardenflowersgrow. D．Theshapeofwingswhentheystopflying.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“leavethefliesalone”inParagraph4mean?A．Makefriendswiththeflies. B．Eatthefliesup.C．Keepawayfromtheflies. D．Invitethefliesin.15．Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith?A．Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.B．Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.C．Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.D．Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了花蝇的外观、生理构造及生活习性等。12．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了花蝇的相关知识，应该在杂志的“自然”部分看到此文章。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据“Beesfold(折叠)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikeafly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.”可知，蜜蜂停止飞行时把翅膀叠在背上，但花蝇的翅膀却是伸出来。故两者的不同之处在于停止飞行时翅膀的形状。故选D。14．词句猜测题。根据“Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtogetstungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesandleavethefliesalone.”可知，带有黄色和黑色条纹的昆虫通常有刺，花蝇身上有黄黑条纹，虽然它身上没有刺，但是一些以昆虫为食的动物看到花蝇身上的条纹就会远离花蝇，故划线部分意为“远离花蝇”。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据“Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.”及“Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.”可知，花蝇的外观和生活习性与蜜蜂有些相似，所以人们有时会把花蝇误认为蜜蜂。故选B。（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Familyisveryimportantforeveryone,nomatterwhereyouarefrom.SoinbothEastandWest,peoplehavefestivalstocelebratefamilyreunions(团聚).ThesefestivalsincludetheMid-AutumnFestivalinChinaandThanksgivingDayintheUS.Howaretheycelebratedandwhatarethedifferences?Let’stakealook.SharingthemoonlightTheMid-AutumnFestivalisthesecondmostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChinaaftertheSpringFestival.It’sonthe15thdayoftheeighthmonthofChineselunarcalendar.InancientChina,thedaywasconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrain(谷物)hadbeencollectedfromthefields.Allthefamilygottogetherandhadabigdinner.Theyateaspecialfestivalfood-mooncakesandenjoyedthefullmoon.Onthatday,themoonisfull.ThefullmoonisasymbolforfamilyreunionswhichmeantuanyuaninChinese.Nowpeoplealsocelebratethefestivalbygettingtogetherandhavingabigdinner.Whenitgetsdark,peoplelookupatthefullmoon,eatingmooncakesandmissingfriendsandrelativeswhoarefarfromhome.“Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart!”wroteSuShi,afamousSongDynastypoet.ShowingthanksThanksgivingDayisoneofthebiggestholidaysintheUS.It’sonthefourthThursdayofNovember.Peoplevisittheirfriendsandrelativestoremindthemselvesthattheyareluckytohavehappiness,healthandfamilyandalsotohavearoofovertheirheads.In1621,about100Englishpeopletookaship,theMayflower,andarrivedinthenortheasternUS.Thewintertherewasverycoldandlifewashard.AstheAmericanIndianshelpedthemalot,theEnglishpeopleaskedthemtohaveabigmealwiththeninordertoexpresstheirthanks.Thecelebrationlastedforthreedays.Today,peopleusuallyhaveafamilymealonThanksgivingDay.Theyenjoydeliciousfoodsuchaspumpkinscornandabig,goldenturkey.Thereareothertraditionsontheday.Forexample,theturkeyhasaV-shapedboneinthebreast.It’scalledawishbone.Afterroasting(烤),twopersonseachtakeoneendofthebone.Theymakeawishandthenpullit.Ifonegetsthelargerpartofthebone,heorshewillgetgoodluck.ThemostimportantpartofThanksgivingDayistosay“thanks”—thisisthespiritoftheholiday.PeoplealsoliketowatchtheThanksgivingDayParadeonTV.16．WhydidpeoplecelebratetheMid-AutumnFestivalinancientChina?A．Becausepeoplecouldeatmooncakes.B．Becausepeopleenjoyedthefullmoon.C．Becausepeoplecouldgettogetherwithrelatives.D．Becausepeoplehadagoodharvestfromthefields.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tohavearoofovertheirheads”inthepassageprobablymean?A．Tohavesomewheretolive. B．Tohavefoodtoeat.C．Tohavefriendstotalkto. D．Tohaveclothestowear.18．WhatisthespiritofThanksgivingDay?A．Topullthebone. B．ToplayAmericanfootball.C．Tosay“thanks”. D．TowatchtheParade.19．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thebackgroundtothetwofestivals. B．Theintroductiontothetwofestivals.C．Theactivitiesofthetwofestivals. D．Thecustomsofthetwofestivals.【答案】16．D17．A18．C19．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节。16．细节理解题。根据“InancientChina,thedaywasconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrain(谷物)hadbeencollectedfromthefields.”可知，在中国古代，这一天被认为是丰收的节日，因为水果、蔬菜和谷物已经从田地里收集起来了。故选D。17．词句猜测题。分析“Peoplevisittheirfriendsandrelativestoremindthemselvesthattheyareluckytohavehappiness,healthandfamilyandalsotohavearoofovertheirheads.”可知，人们拜访他们的朋友和亲戚来提醒自己，他们是幸运的，拥有幸福，健康和家庭，也有一个屋顶在他们的头上。“havearoofovertheirheads”的意思是“有地方住”，故选A。18．细节理解题。根据“ThemostimportantpartofThanksgivingDayistosay‘thanks’—thisisthespiritoftheholiday.”可知，感恩节最重要的部分是说“谢谢”——这是这个节日的精神。故选C。19．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节，故选B。（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）阅读下列内容,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinbiodiversityprotection.BuildinganationalparksystemisoneofthegreatestjobsthatChinahasdonesofar.InOctober2021,China’sfirstfivenationalparksweredesignated(认定).Theyarehometonearly30%oftheearth’skeywildlifespecies(物种)foundinChina,coveringaprotectedlandareaof230,000squarekilometers.Thistablewillinformyouofthefirstfivenationalparks—China’streasuresinnature.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalParkLocations:HeilongjiangandJilinprovincesLandscapes:Mountains,hills,andvalleysRepresentativespecies:Siberiantiger,Amurleopard(豹)Progress:Increasingpopulationofprotectedanimalspeciesfromtheyearof2015to2022—Siberiantigers:27→50;Amurleopards:42→60SanjiangyuanNationalParkLocations:QinghaiProvinceandXizangAutonomousRegionLandscapes:Glaciers,snow-cappedmountains,high-altitudewetlands,deserts,alpinegrasslandsRepresentativespecies:Snowleopard,TibetanantelopeProgress:Atpresent,thevegetationcoverageofthegrasslandintheparkhasbeenover60%,whichisnearly5%higherthanthatin2015.GiantPandaNationalParkLocations:Sichuan,ShaanxiandGansuprovincesLandscapes:Mountains,basinsRepresentativespecies:Giantpanda,redpandaProgress:Itisprotectingover70%ofthewildgiantpandapopulationinthecountry.Thepopulationofprotectiveanimalsinthepark—Giantpandas50+;Sichuantakins1,300+WuyishanNationalParkLocations:FujianandJiangxiprovincesLandscapes:MountainsRepresentativespecies:Chinesepangolin,Cabot’stragopanProgress:Throughreasonabledevelopmentof10%ofitsarea,theparkhasholdsitsbiodiversityconservationin90%ofitsareaunderprotection.HainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkLocations:HainanProvinceLandscapes:MountainsRepresentativespecies:HainanblackcrestedgibbonProgress:ThepopulationofHainan’sblackcrestedgibboninthewild—1970s:2groupsof7individuals(个体);Atpresent:5groupsof36individuals20．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．WhenChina’sfirstfivenationalparkswerediscovered.B．SomegeneralinformationofChina’sfirstfivenationalpark!C．WhatchallengesChina’sfirstfivenationalparksarefacing.D．Someactionstoprotectthewildlifespeciesintheseparks.21．Accordingtothepassage,whichparkhasthemosttypesoflandscapes?A．WuyishanNationalPark.B．GiantPandaNationalPark.C．SanjiangyuanNationalPark.D．NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark.22．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheprogressoftheparks?A． B．C． D．【答案】20．B21．C22．A【导语】本文是介绍中国首批五大国家公园的一些信息情况。20．主旨大意题。根据“Thistablewillinformyouofthefirstfivenationalparks—China’streasuresinnature.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中国首批五大国家公园的一些基本信息，故选B。21．细节理解题。根据“SanjiangyuanNationalPark”中的信息“Landscapes:Glaciers,snow-cappedmountains,high-altitudewetlands,deserts,alpinegrasslands”可知，三江源国家公园有最多种类的地形，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据“NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark”中的信息“Progress:Increasingpopulationofprotectedanimalspeciesfromtheyearof2015to2022—Siberiantigers:27→50;Amurleopards:42→60”可知，从2015年到2022年，保护动物种群数量不断增加——东北虎：27→50；东北豹：42→60，故选A。（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Confucianism(儒家思想)hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants(五常).Theseareren,yi,li,zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues(美德)aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated).Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors(祖先).Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious(和谐的)society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.23．WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?A．Renandyi. B．Renandli. C．Liandxin. D．Yiandzhi.24．WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。25．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli?A．Buildingapeacefulsociety. B．Takingcareofone’schildren.C．Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea. D．Learningallthroughone’slife.26．WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism?A．Itsgeneralvirtues. B．Itslonghistory.C．Itsnewchallenges. D．Itsgoldenrules.【答案】23．B24．C25．C26．A【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德。23．细节理解题。根据“Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。24．词句猜测题。根据“ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated)”可知，划线句子“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”和“按照你希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。25．细节理解题。根据“discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。26．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Whatwouldhappenifyoutriedtoblowasoap(肥皂)bubbleinbelow-freezingweather?Woulditfreezeandfalltotheground?Wouldyouhavetohititwithastonetobreakit?Thesequestionscameintomymindonecoldwinterday.Itwastoocoldtoplayinthesnow,butitwasaperfecttimetoexperimentwithblowingfrozenbubbles.Toblowfrozenbubbles,Ihadtowaituntiltheairoutsidewasverycold.Forthisactivity,thatmeant10degreesbelow0Fahrenheitorcolder.Ididn’thavethebubblethingsthatcomeinabottle,soIuseddish-washingsoap.Addingadropofglycerinmadethesoapworkevenbetter.Ichoseaplaceoutofthewind,andblewbubblesthesamewayIalwaysdo.Iwatchedtoseewhatwouldhappen.Here’swhatIlearned.Ifthetemperatureislowenough,theskinofthebubblefrosts(结霜)over,becomingcloudyinsteadofclear.Andwhataboutthoserainbowswirls(漩涡状物体)thatyouseeinsoapbubbles?Therainbowcolorsstayeven(均匀的)whenthebubblesfrost,buttheydon’tspinanymore.Thebubblesstillfloatintheair.Theydon’tfalltothegroundanyfasterthantheywouldonawarmsummerday.Whenthesefrozenbubblesbreak,theydon’tturnintotinydropsofsoapassummerbubblesdo.Theyturnintoshinyrainbowpiecesandflyslowlytotheground.Sometimesafrozenbubblewillrollacrossthesnowwithoutbreaking.Ifitbreaks,itmayleaveastrongbubbleskinontheground.Leavethebubblealoneanditmaystaythereforalongtime.SometimesIcouldcatchabubbleandholdituntiltheheatofmyhandmadeitpop.Ilearnedoneotherthingaboutblowingfrozenbubbles.It’ssomuchfun.Iwanttotryitagainnextyear!27．Howdoesthewriterbeginthepassage?A．Bycomparingtwotypesofbubbles.B．Bydescribingthefreezingcoldweather.C．Byaskingsomequestionsaboutthesubject.D．Bypresentingthetoolsneededtodotheexperiment.28．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Makingsoapthatcanworkevenbetter.B．Makingbubblesthatwillstaylonger.C．Inventinganewkindofsoapthatmakesclearerbubbles.D．Findingoutwhathappenstobubblesinfreezingtemperatures.29．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifyoublowfrozensoapbubbles?A．Coldenough,theskinofthebubbleswillstayclear.B．Whenthebubblesfrost,therainbowcolorswillspinfaster.C．Afrozenbubblemayrollacrossthesnowwithoutbreaking.D．Whenthesefrozenbubblesbreak,theyturnintotinydropsofsoap.30．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Ascienceclub B．BrokenbubblesC．Ahappychild D．Frozenbubbles【答案】27．C28．D29．C30．D【导语】本文主要介绍作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么而做了一个实验。27．细节理解题。根据“Whatwouldhappenifyoutriedtoblowasoap(肥皂)bubbleinbelow-freezingweather...”可知作者通过几个问题引出文章的话题。故选C。28．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一个实验。故选D。29．细节理解题。根据“Sometimesafrozenbubblewillrollacrossthesnowwithoutbreaking”可知冰冻的气泡会在雪地上滚动而不破裂。故选C。30．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一个实验，故文章以“冻结的气泡”为标题最合适。故选D。（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Ilovesnakes,whilemymotherdoesnot.Lotsofpeoplewhoareafraidofsnakeshaveneverseenone.Neitherhasmymother.Sowheredoesthefearcomefrom?Tofindouttheanswer,scientistsputpictureswithsnakes,pandas,cats,flowersandmanyotherthingsinfrontofagroupofpeopleofallages,evenbabies.Peoplefoundsnakesfasterthanflowers.Itwasn’tjustsnakes.Theyfound“blackfaces”,anotherexample,spiders(蜘蛛),fasterthan“safe”thingslikeflowers.Itseemswefindthingsthatmightbedangeroustousfaster.Maybeweareborntobeafraidofthem.Scientistsalsofoundpeoplelearnedtofearsnakesfaster.Whydidtheyfearsnakes?Mostofthemsaidthatintheirexperiences,theywereinfluencedbythescaredvoiceandfacesofthosewhometsnakes,butwasn’tbittenbysnakes.Afterall,ifwehadtobebittenbyasnaketolearnthatit’sdangerous,wemightlearnourlessontoolate.Sowhyisitimportantwhetherweareafraidofsnakesornot?Itmaynotmattermuchtous,butitisreallyveryimportanttosnakes.Peopleprotectanimalstheylike,notanimalstheyfear.Snakesmaynotbeascuteaspandas,butthey’rejustofthesameimportancetotheenvironment.Snakeseatinsectsandmicethatarepests(害虫)tohumans.Snakesarealsofoodforotheranimals,so,whenwekillsnakes,we’rebreakingthebalance.Howcanwereduceourfearstogivesnakesachance?Scientistsdidastudyrecently.Somevolunteerstudentswentonafieldtrip.With