专题12励志学习 -备战2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题特训

12励志学习Passage1ManyChineseknowZhongNanshanastheherowhobeatSARSin2003.Peoplesharehispicturesandwordsonline,sayingtheybelieveeverywordZhongsays.HehasgivenChinesepeopleconfidenceinwinningthisfight.AgreatdoctorZhonggrewupinafamilyofdoctors.Hisgoalhasalwaysbeentosaveasmanylivesaspossible.In2003,whenSARShitChina,hevolunteeredtotreatpatients.Aftermonthsofhardwork,histreatmentplanforSARSwasusedbyChinaandthenthewholeworld.Itsavedthousandsoflives.AsZhongoncesaid,“Thehospitalsareourbattlefield(战场).Whenwe’reneeded,weshouldchargeforward.”Backtothefrontline17yearslater,the84-yearoldZhongisonceagainleadinganexpertteamtodealwiththeCOVID-19.Althoughthisnewvirusismoredangeroustooldpeople,Zhongworrieslittleabouthisownsafety.OnJan.18,hetookahighspeedtrainfromGuangzhoutoWuhan.Twodayslater,hebecamethefirstexperttotellthepublicthattheviruscouldgofrompersontoperson.OnJan29,heandhisteamspentoverfourhoursonlinecheckingfivepatients.Thenextday,hechoseatreatmentplan.Underhislead,histeamdevelopedarapidtestkit(试剂盒)forthediseasethatcanshowresultswithin15minutes.AsPeople’sDailywrote,“ZhongNanshanshowshisprofessionalism(专业性)asadoctor,courageasasoldier,andsenseofdutyasthebackbone(脊梁)ofournation.”1．Theunderlinedpart“chargeforward”means“________”inChineseinthepassage.A．退缩不前 B．甘愿牺牲 C．自我保护 D．冲锋向前2．WhatisZhong'sgoal?A．Tostudyseriouscases.B．Tosavemorepeople.C．TolettheworldknowmoreaboutChina.D．Tolearnfromhisparents.3．WhatdidZhongsayabouttheCOVID-19?A．Hesaidthattheviruscouldgoamonghumans.B．Hesaidthatitwasnotserious.C．Hesaidthatitwasonlydangeroustooldpeople.D．Hesaidthatitcouldgofromanimalstohumans.4．HowdidPeople’sDailydescribeZhong?①Aprofessionaldoctor.②Aclevertraveler.③Thebackboneofournation.④Abravesoldier.A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④Passage2ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilitytobecreative.Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedhereindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillingheretimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwindow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.Thatcanbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,andstayoff-linefromtimetotime.”5．Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Slowdown. B．Keepupwith. C．Gobeyond. D．Giveriseto.6．ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A．stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB．introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC．suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD．showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B．It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C．Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D．It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.Passage3Indifficulttimes,therearealwayspeoplewhostepupandbringpeoplehopeandconfidence.OneofthemisZhongNanshan."Pleasedon'ttraveltoWuhanunlessit'sabsolutelynecessary,"ZhongNanshan,afamousrespiratory(呼吸科的)expert,remindedthepublicwhenthenovelcoronavirusfirsthitWuhan.Butdespitethedanger,he,an84-year-oldman,tookthetraintoWuhantofightthedisease.KnownastheherowhodefeatedSARSin2003,Zhong'simageandmessagesareflooding(遍布)socialmedia.Manypeoplesaythey"trusteverywordofZhong".HehasgivenChinesepeopleconfidenceinwinningthebattle.Agreatdoctorandhonestscholar(学者)Growingupinafamilyofdoctors,Zhonglivesbyasimplemotto(信条):savelivesandalwaysbehonest.In2003,whenSARShitChina,hevolunteeredtotreatpatientsandaskedhiscolleagues(同事)tosendtheirmostseriouspatientstohim.Aftermonthsofwork,histreatmentplanforSARSwasadopted(采纳)byChinaandthenthewholeworld,savingthousandsoflives,People'sDailyreported.Zhongisalsoknownforbeinganhonestscholar.In2003,whenauthorities(官方)saidthattheSARSviruswasundercontrol,hepubliclyrefutedtheirstatement."It'snotallundercontrol,"Zhongsaidinalaterinterview.HishonestywonwidespreadpraisefromtheChinesepublic.BacktothefrontlinesSeventeenyearslater,Zhongisonceagainleadinganexpertteamtostudythenovelcoronavirus(新型冠状病毒).Althoughthisnewvirusisknowntobemoredangeroustotheelderly,Zhongdoesn'tseemworriedabouthisownsafety.OnJan18,hetookahigh-speedtrainfromGuangzhoutoWuhan.Twodayslater,hebecamethefirstexperttomakecertainthatthenewviruscanbespreadbetweenhumans.OnJanuary29,heandhiscolleaguesspentoverfourhoursonlinecheckingfivepatientswhowereinseriouscondition.Thenextday,hechosethetreatmentforthosepatients.Underhisguidance,histeamdevelopedarapidtestkit(快速检测试剂盒)forthediseasethatcanshowresultswithin15minutes.AsPeople'sDailywrote,"the84-year-oldZhongNanshanshowshisprofessionalismasascholar,courageasasoldier,andasenseofdutyasthebackbone(脊梁)ofournation."8．WhatcanweknowaboutZhongNanshanfromthepassageexcept?A．Heisanexpert. B．Heisconfident. C．Heisgreedy. D．Heisbrave.9．WhatachievementsdidZhongmakeinthefightagainstSARS?A．Hedevelopedthetestkitforthedisease. B．Hetreatedthemostseriouspatientsonline.C．Histreatmentplansavedlotsofpeople. D．HestartedthatSARSwasundercontrol.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"refute"mean?A．Tosupportothers'opinions. B．Tosaythatastatementwasnottrue.C．Tolaughattheauthorities. D．Tobeinthefightagainsttheepidemic(流行病).11．WhathasZhongdonetofightthedisease?A．Hemadecertainthattheviruscouldspreadbetweenhumans.B．Hetreatedfourseverepatientsinaday.C．Hetreatedfivepatientsonlinealone.D．Thetestkitfromhisteamcanshowresultswithin15seconds.12．Theaimofthestoryisto.A．encouragepeopletostayathome B．statetheimportanceofZhong'swarningC．guidepeopletobehonestandbrave D．praiseZhong'scourageandspiritPassage4Ayoungmanwenttoagemologist(宝石学家)andsaidhewantedtobeonelikehim.Thegemologistdidn’twanttoteachtheyoungmanbecausehethoughttheyoungmanhavenopatience(耐心).Theyoungmanaskedforachance.Finallytheexperthadtoagree.Thenextmorning,thegemologistputajade(玉)stoneintheyoungman’shandandtoldhim,“Holdit!”Theexpertthenwentabouthiswork:cutting,weighing,andmaking.Thebigboyfeltabitstrange(奇怪的),buthesaidnothing.Hejustsatquietlyandwaited.Thefollowingmorningtheexpertagainplacedthejadestoneintheyoungman’shandandtoldhimtoholdit.Onthethird,fourth,andfifthdaytheyoungmandidthesamejob.Amonthwentby,andtheyoungmanfeltmoreandmoreboringbecauseofholdingthesamestone.Onemorning,thegemologistcameandaskedhimtoholdouthishand,hecouldn’tgoonanylonger.Butjustasthegemologistputthestoneinhishand,hesaidloudly,“Thisisnotthesamejadestone!”“Youhavebeguntolearn,”saidthegemologistwithasmile.13．Whatdidtheyoungmanwanttobe?A．Agemologist B．AgoodstudentC．Astonemaker D．Abusinessman14．Whenthegemologistaskedtheyoungmantoholdthejade,he________.A．didn’tdolikethatB．feltexcitedC．didn’tknowwhyD．didthejobhappily15．Intheendtheyoungmanprobably(可能)________.A．gotsomerealjadesB．becameagemologistC．wenthomewithoutlearninganythingD．wasangrywiththeexpert16．Whatdoesthestorywanttotellus?A．It’sluckytofindagoodteacher.B．Youhavetobelieveinyourself.C．Keepon,andyoucangetyouwhatyouwant.D．Don’tspendtimedoinganythingboring.Passage5Atjust17yearsold,Pakistan’sMalalaistheyoungesteverwinneroftheNobelPeacePrize.Malalacametointernationalattentionwhenshespokeupfortherightsofallchildrentohaveaneducation.Malala’sfatherwasateacherwhoranaschool.Forherearlylife,herfamilylivedintheschool,soshewasusedtosittingintheclassroomsbeforeherschoolage.Now,shecanspeakthreelanguagesandloveslearning.ShegrewupinPakistan.Thelivingconditionsinherareawereverypoorandunsafe.Manypeoplewerehurtandmanyschoolswereclosed.Especiallygirlswerenotallowedtogotoschool.ReportersfromBritaintoldtheworldwhatwashappeningwiththehelpofMalala.In2009,12-year-oldMalalawrote35diariesontheInternet.Shewroteaboutthedifficultiesofherlife,andaboutherstronghopeforeducation.Soonafterthat,Malala’sfamilywaschosentobeinaTVprogramtoshowordinarychildren’seducationbecausebothfatheranddaughterspokegoodEnglish,andtheycaredaboutchildrengettinganeducation.Fromthenon,afewpeoplehatedherandhurther.Thoughterriblywounded,Malalabecameacourageousfighterfortheeducationrightsofmillionsofgirlsworldwide.“Idon’twanttoberememberedasthegirlwhowashurt,Iwanttoberememberedasthegirlwhostoodup,”shesaid.ShehasnowwrittenabookaboutherlifecalledIamMalala.Thebookshowsthatoneperson’svoicehasthepowertoinspirechangeintheworld.Inherspeech,shespokewarmlyaboutheraimsforeducationandpeace.Onesentenceshesaidonedaybecamefamous:Onechild,oneteacher,onepenandonebookcangreatlychangetheworld.17．ManypeoplearoundtheworldbegantoknowMalalabecause________.A．shecouldspeakthreelanguagesinallB．herfatherranaschoolfortheyoungC．shefoughtforallchildren’seducationD．shegotaneducationwhenshewasyoung18．ItcanbeinferredthatMalalais________girlfromParagraphFive.A．brave B．lively C．clever D．careful19．Theunderlinedword“inspire”inthelastparagraphmightmean“________”.A．describe B．compare C．celebrate D．encourage20．Thepurposeofthispassageismainlyto________.A．introducepeople’slivingconditionsinPakistanB．suggestmorenewsreporterspayattentiontothegirlMalalaC．letpeoplerealizetheimportanceofallchildren’seducationD．tellmorepeopletogiveopinionsonkid’seducationinPakistanPassage6Thepeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)celebratedits70thfoundinganniversarylastyear.Overthepastdecades（几十年）,manypeoplehavemadegreatcontributionstothecountry’sdevelopment,helpingitgrowthroughtheirhardwork.OnSept.17,in2019,aheadofNationalDayonOct.1,eightpeoplereceivedtheMedaloftheRepublic（共和国勋章）.Herearefouroftheeightrecipients（接受者）oftheMedaloftheRepublic.YuMin于敏,1926-2019NuclearphysicistOnJune17,1967,Chinadetonated（引爆）itsfirsthydrogenbomb（氢弹）.Ittookonly32monthstogofromitsfirstatomicbomb（原子弹）toitsfirsthydrogenbomb.Asanuclearphysicist（核物理学家）,YuMinplayedanimportantroleinthisprocess.Thetheoriesandmodelshecreatedwerekeytothesuccessfultest.SunJiadong孙家栋,1929－AerospaceengineerSunmadegreatcontributionstowardsdevelopingChinesesatellitetechnologyandspaceexploration.Hewaschiefdesigner（总设计师）ofboththeBeidounavigation（导航）systemandChina’slunarexplorationproject.YuanLongping袁隆平,1930－“Fatherofhybridrice”Yuandevotedhimselftoagricultural（农业的）educationandresearch.Hewasthefirstpersonintheworldtodevelopahybridricestrain.HisresearchonhigherriceyieldshelpsfighthungerinChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.TuYouyou屠呦呦,1930－ScientistTuisknownforwinningtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.ShegotinspirationfromtraditionalChinesemedicinetheoriesanddiscoveredartemisinin（青蒿素）,amedicinethatcanbeusedtotreatmalaria（疟疾）.Herfindinghassavedthelivesofmillions.21．WhendidtheeightpeoplereceivetheMedaloftheRepublic?A．OnSept.17,2019 B．OnOct.1,2019C．OnSept.17,1949 D．OnOct.1,194922．Whoiscalled“fatherofhybridrice”byChinesepeople?A．YuMin B．SunJiadong C．YuanLongping D．TuYouyou23．TuYouyouisknownforwinningtheNobelPrizein________.A．Physics B．Aerospace C．Literature D．Medicine24．________wasdeadin2019.A．YuMin B．SunJiadong C．YuanLongping D．TuYouyou.Passage7AvideoclipofablindmusicianhascaughttheattentionofmanyinChina.XiongLinghao,18playedaBeethovesonatainthenationalfinalsofthe13thShanghaiYouthPianoCompetitioninAugust.Thevideo,publishedonChinaDaily’sSinaWeiboaccount,hasbeenviewedmorethan7milliontimes.ManyinternetuserssaidtheyweretouchedbyXiong’sbraveryandoptimism.“Thisisthesongtoshowthebeautyoflife,”onecomment(评论)onthepostread.Xionglosthereyesightinherchildhoodbecauseofamedicalaccident.HermotherdiscoveredXionghadatalentformusicearlyinherchildhood.Atage3,shecouldplaychildren’ssongsonasmallelectricpiano.Atage6,shestartedlearningthepiano.“Thepianoismybestfriend,”saidXiong,ahighschoolstudentattheChengduSpecialEducationSchool.“Itbringssomuchpleasureintomylifeandempowersmewithperseverance.”Unlikemostpianists,whoplaybyreadingmusic,Xiongdependedentirelyonthesoundofthemusictoguideher.“IlistenedtothemelodyrepeatedlyandthenputwhatIheardtomyfingers.IfirstpracticedwithmytwohandsseparatelybeforeIcouldplaywithbothhandstogether,”saidXiong.“RepeatedpracticeiskeybecauseIneedmusicmemorytofindtherightkeys,”sheexplained.“IpayattentiontoeachstepineachphraseandneedtobefairlyprecisewiththeangleofhowIcontrolmyhands,wristsandfingers.”XiongwashonoredwiththeSpecialJuryPrizeinthecompetition.“Throughherpianoplaying,viewerscouldfeelthevitalityoflifeandatrulystrongwill,”saidDingQuan,ajudgeinthecompetition.“Inevercaredaboutprizesorfamewhilelearningmusic,”explainedXiong.“LikeBeethoven.Iwantedtoexpresshope,feelingsandpassionforlifethroughthepiano.”25．Accordingtothepassage,Xiongis________.A．agirlwhohasbeenblindsinceshewasbornB．agirlwhostudiesatahighschoolinShanghaiC．agirlwhobeganlearningthepianoatagesixD．agirlwhoworkshardinordertobecomefamous26．Theunderlinedword“vitality”inParagraph5means________.A．excitement B．energy C．anger D．patience27．AccordingtoXiong’sopinion,hersuccessdependson________.A．specialmemory B．greattalent C．repeatedpractice D．goodinstructions28．What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Tointroduceablindmusician.B．Totalkaboutapianocompetition.C．Tocallformoreattentiontothedisabled.D．Toencouragepeoplenottogiveup.Passage8Today,wearegoingtotalkaboutachildmodel.HernameisLiHanghuiandsheissixyearsold.ShehasagiftformodelingandinJuly,2019,shecamethirdinabigmodelingcompetition.LihasmodelingclasseseverySaturday.Atfirst,hergrandmotherwasagainsthertakingtheclassesbecauseshedidn’twanthergranddaughtertobecomeamodel.Luckily,Li’smotherpersuaded(劝服)hergrandmotherbysayingthattheclassescouldmakeLibecomemoreconfident.Liusedtobeafraidtotakethesubwaysbecausemeetingtoomanypeoplewouldmakeherfeeluncomfortable.Hermotherthoughtitisnecessarytotakeheroutmoretoseetheoutsideworld,soshesuggestedLitakemodelingclasses.Aftertakingtheclassesformorethanayear,Lihasmadegreatprogress.Sheisn’tshyanymoreandshedarestospeakwithstrangers.WhenaskedifLiwillbeallowedtoworkasaTaobaomodel,Li’smothersaid,“IfshehasachancetobeaTaobaomodelinhersparetime,Iwillsupportherifshewants.However,ifitgetsinthewayofherschoolwork,Iwon’tencourageit.”29．HowoftendoesLitakemodelingclasses?A．Onceaweek. B．Twiceaweek. C．Onceamonth. D．Twiceamonth.30．WhatwasLi’sgrandmother’sattitudetowardshertakingmodelingclassesatfirst?A．Shesupportedit. B．Shedidn’tmindit.C．Shedidn’tcareaboutit. D．Shedisagreedwithit.31．HowdidLifeelwhenshemetstrangersinthepast?A．Happy. B．Relaxed. C．Proud. D．Nervous.32．AccordingtoLi’smother,________.A．schoolworkisasimportantasbeingaTaobaomodelB．beingaTaobaomodelismoreimportantthanschoolworkC．schoolworkismoreimportantthanbeingaTaobaomodelD．beingaTaobaomodeldoesn’thaveanyinfluenceonschoolwork33．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Lihasmadefriendswithmanystrangers.B．Li’sgrandmotherwantsLitoworkasaTaobaomodel.C．Lihaschangedalotaftertakingthechildmodelingclasses.D．Lididn’tliketakingthesubwaybecauseshethoughtitwastoonoisy.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．C【分析】本文是新闻通讯，报道了抗疫英雄钟南山的事迹。1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Thehospitalsareourbattlefield.Whenwe’reneeded”，可知有需要应该向前冲，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hisgoalhasalwaysbeentosaveasmanylivesaspossible”，可知钟南山的目标是拯救更多的人，故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Twodayslater,hebecamethefirstexperttotellthepublicthattheviruscouldgofrompersontoperson”，可推知他说新冠病毒可能在人类中传播，故选A。4．细节理解题。根据最后“ZhongNanshanshowshisprofessionalismasadoctor,courageasasoldier,andsenseofdutyasthebackboneofournation”，可知人民日报称赞钟南山是职业医生、民族的脊梁和勇士；①③④符合题意，故选C。5．A6．D7．A【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了孩子需要时间发呆，他们应该被允许感到无聊，那样他们才可以发展创造力。5．A词义猜测题。根据第二段的However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.可知while前后进行对比，后半句表示无聊可以给他们开发创造的机会，也就是会促进他们的发展，故while前表示减慢他们的发展。故选A。6．D推理判断题。根据第三段的Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedhereindevelopinghermind.和第四段的Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.可知无聊在发展创造力方面的影响。故选D。7．A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍无聊给孩子提供了自由思考的空间，故选A。考点：教育类短文阅读。8．C9．C10．B11．A12．D【分析】本文主要介绍了钟南山院士。他出生在医生家庭，他的信念是：拯救生命，永远诚实。他在03年的非典抗疫中做出了巨大的贡献，在2020年的冠状病毒出现时，84岁的他毅然前往武汉，再次为抗击疫情做出了巨大贡献。钟南山院士是真正的学者，真正的战士，更是国家的脊梁。8．细节理解题。根据“hebecamethefirstexpert”可知，他是一个专家；根据“HehasgivenChinesepeopleconfidence”可知，他是自信的；根据“Zhongdoesn'tseemworriedabouthisownsafety”可知，他是勇敢的。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据“histreatmentplanforSARSwasadopted(采纳)byChinaandthenthewholeworld,savingthousandsoflives”可知，他在非典中制定了有效的治疗计划，拯救了许多人。故选C。10．词义猜测题。根据官方说非典“wasundercontrol”和钟南山说“It’snotallundercontrol”可知，他认为官方的观点是不正确的。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“hebecamethefirstexperttomakecertainthatthenewviruscanbespreadbetweenhumans.”可知，他是第一个说新冠肺炎具有传播性的专家。故选A。12．主旨大意题。根据通读全文后可知本文主要讲了钟南山院士在两次疫情中的表现，高度赞扬了他的精神与勇气。故选D。13．A14．C15．B16．C【解析】试题分析：本文中，青年向宝石学家学艺，经过了严峻的考验之后，终于得到了老师的认可。这位青年的学艺过程教育了我们，在人生的征途上，一夜成功的机会少之又少，更多的是需要我们用耐心和毅力去等待时机、克服困难才能取得成功。13．A细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子“Ayoungmanwenttoagemologist(宝石学家)andsaidhewantedtobeonelikehim.”可知，青年人想成为一名宝石专家。故答案为A。14．C细节理解题。根据短文中的句子“Thebigboyfeltabitstrange(奇怪的),buthesaidnothing.”可知，大男孩不知是何原因。故答案为C。15．B推理判断题。理解全文细节可知，宝石学家有意考验年轻人，年轻人也经受住了考验。因此判断，他会成为一个宝石大师。故答案为B。16．C主旨大意题。本文通过年轻人拜师学艺的过程可知，凡事只要坚持到底，就会有所收获。因此“Keepon,andyoucangetyouwhatyouwant.”是我们从故事中领悟到的真谛。故答案为C。考点：哲理类短文阅读。17．C18．A19．D20．C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了出生于巴基斯坦教育工作者家庭的Malala，她为儿童争取接受教育的权利，12岁时就在网上写了35篇日记，表达了自己生活困