专题20 8AU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8AU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语1.Hereareclearinstructions.(P42)instructionn.指令；指示；用法说明例：It’simportanttoreadtheinstructionsbeforeyoustarttakingthemedicine.在服药之前先阅读说明书是很重要的。It'scommon_______thattheJapaneseeatsushi.A.information B.knowledgeC.direction D.instruction【答案】B2.Itsays,"Doityourself”.说明上写着"自己动手做”。(P42)本句中的“itsays”意思是“那上面说或'写着”，这是一种特殊的语言表达方式。例:Itmaybenecessarytoputupanoticesaying“Keepoff".张贴一张“请勿靠近”的布告是必要的。【拓展】say和告示、通告搭配使用也表示文字材料“说或写着”，另外，read除了用人作主语，表示“阅读”之外，还可以用有文字的东西做主语，表示“被阅读”读起来“写着”“内容是”。例：Look,Onthetopofthecarisasignthatreads：studentdriver.看，车顶上有个标志上面写有：学员司机。Whatshould1dofirst?Theinstructions_______thatyoushouldmixmilkwithwatercarefullyfirst.A.speakB.tell C.write D.say【答案】D3.Brush（P45）n.刷子；画笔vt.刷例：Polishyourshoeswithabrusheverymorning.用刷子把你的鞋子擦亮。Haveyoubrushedyourteeth,Tom?汤姆，你刷过牙了吗？【拓展】brushup复习；提高;brushpast擦过;brushaway刷去例：HemustbrushuponhisFrench.我必须重新温习法文。IreallyneedtobrushuponmyEnglish.我真的很需要提高我的英语水平。我应当在每顿饭后刷牙吗？Should1_____________aftereverymeal?【答案】brushmyteethItstandsfor“doityourself.”(P43)standfor代表；支持；象征例：Theyknowwhattheystandfor.他们知道他们代表什么。【拓展】standup站起来；拥护standout突出：站出来；坚持到底can'tstand无法忍受例：Hertalentsstandoutincomparisonwiththeothers.和其他那些人比起来，她的才能很突出。Thepainonthebackissoheavy______Ireallycan’t______it.A.that;haveB.that;standC.for;haveD.to;stand【答案】BWhenyoudoDIY,youmake,repairordecoratethings...(P43)1）Repairvi.修理；修复vt.修理；恢复”n.修理.修补例：Heturnedthechaironitssidetorepairit.她把椅子翻转过来修理。I'venoideahowtorepaircarsbymyself.我不知道怎样独自修理汽车。【辨析】repair,fix,mend三个词都含有“修理、修补”的意思，有时可以通用，但也有些区别。1）repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。2）mend的意’思是恢复某物原来的样子（包括用针、线来缝补），一般指较小之物。3）fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构.把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。例：Whohasrepairedthebrokenbike?谁把坏自行车修好了？ThisT-shirtistoooldtomend.这件衣服太旧不能补了。Canyoufixthebrokenlegofthechair?你能修理那把椅子坏了的腿吗？单项选择Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthenextFive-YearPlanperiod(时期）.A.repairing;buildingB.tobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepairs;build【答案】C2）decoratevt.&vi.装饰；布置例：Hedecoratedhisroomwithpicturesofallhisfavouritesingers.他用他所喜爱的所有歌手的照片装饰自己的房间。Thechildrenareplanningtodecoratewhentheygetthetime.孩子们正计划在他们有时间的时候装修。.【拓展】decoratewith以… 来装饰decorationn.装饰,装演;装饰品例：Decoratethehousewithdecorationsyoumake.用自己做的装饰物来装饰房子。根据汉语意思完成句子去年，我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。We__________forChristmaslastyear.【答案】decoratedthehouseMycousinAndrewiscrazyaboutDIY.(P44)crazy疯狂的；狂热的，着迷的例：You’dbecrazytodropout.你要退学真是发疯了。Thismightbeacrazyideaafterall.毕竟这也许不是一个疯狂的主意。【拓展】becrazyabout热衷于，着迷于gocrazy发疯；疯狂drivesb.crazy让某人疯狂例：Mymotherdrovemecrazy.我妈妈把我逼得发疯。They'recrazyabouteachother.他们为彼此疯狂。根据汉语意思完成句子我非常喜欢法语。I'm_______French.【答案】crazyabout...,buthehitapipeandfilled...(P44)Fillvt.装满，使充满；满足vi.被充满例：Thehallsoonfilled(withpeople).大厅里不久就坐满了人。Pleasefillthecupwithwater.请把这个杯子装满水。【拓展】fillin填写；填充fillwith装满，充满例：Fillouttheapplicationcarefully，andkeepcopiesofit.仔细填写申请表，并保留备份。【点睛】befilledwith“被……充满”和befullof为同义短语。例：Theyoungmenarefullofenergy.年轻人充满着活力。单项选择Thereshouldbesomething________ yourstocking _______.A.tofill;/ B.tofill;withC.full;of D.tofill;of【答案】BIalsoadvisedhimtotakeacourseinDIY.(P44)1)advise动词，意为“建议，忠告，劝告”，常用结构有：advisedoingsth建议做某事，不能说advisetodosth.。如：Headvisedleavingearly.他建议早点动身。Iadvisewaitingtillthepropertime..我建议等到适当的时机。advisesb.todosth建议某人做某事。如：Headvisedmetobuyacomputer.他建议我买台电脑。Thedoctoradvisedmetotakeacompleterest.医生建议我彻底休息一下。advisesb.againstdoingsth.＝advisesb.nottodosth.建议某人别做某事。如：Headvisedheragainstgoingoutaloneatnight.＝Headvisedhernottogooutaloneatnight.他建议她晚上不要独自外出。2)takeacourse修一门课例：Hewilltakeacourseatschoolnextyear.他明年将去学校修一门课程。HebegantotakeacourseinspokenEnglishrecently.他最近开始上英语会话课程。根据汉语意思完成句子下周我妹妹将修一门游泳课。Mysisterwill__________nextweek.【答案】takeaswimmingcourseIamreadingallthebooksmyselfandattendinglessonseverySaturday.(P44)attendvt.出席；上(大学等）vi.出席;致力于例：Thousandsofpeopleattendedhisfuneral.数千人参加了他的葬礼。【拓展】attendameeting参加会议；attendschool上学；attendclass上课attendon照料；侍候attendalecture听讲座；上课attenduniversity上大学例：IamgoingtoattendalecturegivenbyDrSmith.我打算去听史密斯博士的讲座。【辨析】attend，takepartin,join,joinin都有“参加;参与；加入”的意思。但还是有区别。加人某党派、某组织或某社会闭体，用join。参加某种活动用joinin，如说“与某人一起做某事”，则用joinsb.insth./doingsth.。joinin多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。takepartin参加(群众性活动、会议等），往往指参加者持积极态度，起一定作用。attend是正式用语，指参加会议，婚礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。例:WhendidyourbrotherjointheParty?你哥哥什么时候入党的？We'lltakepartinsocialpracticeduringthesummervacation.暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。Theteacherwillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.老师明天要参加一个重要的会议。根据汉语意思完成句子你能参加今天下午的会议吗？Canyou__________thisafternoon,Tom?【答案】attendthemeeting10.Buthekeptonpainting.(P44)但是他继续粉刷。常用短语：keepon继续；keepondoingsth继续做某事。例：Theykeptonworkinginthefields,thoughitwasraining.虽然天正在下雨，他们还是继续在田里干活。11.Nowthelivingroomhasnotonlybluewallsbutalsoablueceilingandfloor.(P44)现在客厅不仅有蓝色的墙壁，还有蓝色的天花板和地板。notonly…butalso…意为“不但……而且……”，是并列连词，在句子中可连接相同的成分。连接主语时，谓语动词应和最近的主语保持一致。类似用法的短语有：either...or...或者……或者……；neither…nor…既不……也不……（两者都不）。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesthemovie.不仅学生，而且老师也喜欢这部电影。（连接主语）Shenotonlysingswellbutalsodanceswell.她不但歌唱得好而且舞跳得也好。（连接谓语）Heplaysnotonlytheviolinbutalsothepiano.他不但拉小提琴而且也弹钢琴。（连接宾语）Sheisnotonlyadancerbutalsoawriter.她不仅是位舞蹈家，还是位作家。（连接表语）EitheryouorIamwrong.或者是你错了，或者是我错了。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没有错。12.cutout切断；删去；停止；关掉(P47)例：Icutitoutandpinneditonthewall.我把它剪了下来,钉在墙上。Thecurtainsweredrawntocutoutthesunlight.窗帘拉上以遮挡阳光。【拓展】cutdown砍倒cutin插嘴；超车cutup切碎cutbackon削减.缩减；减低例：Theaccidentisoftencausedbythedriverwhotriestocutin.司机超车抢道造成了这起意外事故。单项选择Assoonassheenteredtheroom,she_______thehatandsatdown.A.tookoffB.gaveoutC.gotawayD.cutdown【答案】A13.Mixthemtogether.(P49)Mixvt.混合例：First,mixanegg,twoteaspoonsofsalttwopoundsofgroundbeeftogether.首先，把一个鸡蛋、两茶匙盐和两磅碎肉搅在一起。Inabowl,mixtogetherflour,sugar,andsalt.在一个碗里面，把面粉、糖和盐混合。【拓展】mixwith和…混合单项选择Ineedsomehelp.Canyou_______theapplesforfruitsalad?一Yes,Mum.I'lldoitrightaway.A.putup B.eatupC.cutupD.mixup【答案】C14.Finished(P50)adj.完结的，完成的；精巧的例：Hewouldliketobejudgedafterthedramaisfinished.他希望大家能在剧集完结之后再来评判他的表演。15.Keeptrying,andyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.(P47)继续努力，你会发现你可以更好地记住事物。本句中有“Keeptryingandyouwill..”这个句式结构，用并列连同and连接祈使句和will句式，表示“做某事后你就会怎样”。例：LeaveitwithhimandhewillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Thinkhardandyou'llfindaway.努力去思考，你就会找到方法。【拓展】祈使句后接陈述句时.须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接：如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例：Hurryup,orwe'llbelateforschool.快点，否则我们上学要迟到。单项选择Lily,_______thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing【答案】A16.Comfortableadj.舒适的，舒服的例：Liedownonmybedandmakemyselfcomfortable.躺在床上让我自己舒服些。Wehaveacomfortablenewhouse.我们有了一个舒适的新房子。【拓展】comfortablyadv.舒服地，安乐地uncomfortableadj.不舒适的例：Wetalkedcomfortablyofourplans.我们轻松地讨论了我们的计划。17.Patient有耐性的，能容忍的n.病人；患者例：Shewaspatientwithherpatients.她对病人很有耐心。Heisquiteapatientperson，comparedwithme.跟我相比，他算是有耐性的。【拓展】bepatientwith对… 有耐心patientlyadv.有耐心地impatientadj.无耐心的例：Mymotherhasalwaysbeensopatientwithme.我妈妈对我总是那么地有耐心。单项选择—I'mreally_______beforetheexam.一Takeiteasy.Sureyouarethebest.A.coolB,seriousC.nervousD.patient【答案】C18.IamcertainthatIcanfixitmyself.我确信我自己能够修理我的自行车。（P51）本句中的becertainthat…意思是“对做某事确信或有把握”。例：Icanbecertainthathishealthwillrecover.我可以确定他的健康会恢复。Youmaybecertainthatheishonest.你可以确信他是诚实的。【拓展】becertaintodo肯定有把握做…becertain+从句确信…makecertain(of)把… 弄清楚Itiscertainthat...确信 …例：Itwascertainthatourfootballteamwouldwinthegame.我们足球队肯定会贏。过语法过语法 1.祈使句当我们向他人发出命令，提出请求或建议时，常使用祈使句。如：Bequiet,please!Don’tbelateagain!【注】祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。（1）祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头；否定形式是动词原形前加donot/don’t（2）为了显示客气和礼貌，我们常在祈使句中加please。当please在句末时，必须用逗号隔开。2.用should和hadbetter提建议hadbetter和should都是情态动词，后接动词原形，而且均没有人称和数的变化。hadbetter的语气比should强一些。Youhadbetterwatertheflowersassoonaspossible.Hadbetter中的had可缩写为‘dAllofusshouldtakepartinthisactivity.否定形式：hadbetternotshouldnot/shouldn’tYou’dbetternotplaycomputergamesnow.Heshouldn’tbelateforschoolagain.【例题精讲】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.You'dbetter_______(notmake)himangryagain2.Hissoniscrazyabout_______(watch)TV.3.Hehadagreattime_______(play)chesswithme.4.Thegirlcan'tdecidewhichone_______(buy).5.NotonlymyparentsbutalsoI_______(be)interestedinthegame【答案】1.notmake2.watching3.playing4.tobuy重难点训练重难点训练一、单项选择1.Don’tplayinthestreet.It’sdangerous.________.A.No,Idon’t B.No,Iwon’t C.Yes,Iwill D.Yes,Iwon’t2.You________tellhimtheresultrightaway.A.shouldnot B.shouldnottoC.shouldtonot D.notshould3.Jim,_________readbookswhileyouareonthebus.Ok,Thankyou.A.don’t B.doesn’tC.won’t D.can’t4.Mum,therearenopearsforasalad.Shallweuseoranges_________?Ok.A.too B.already C.insteadof D.instead5.Youlooksotired.Whynot__________?A.stoptohavearest B.tostoptohavearestC.stophavingarest D.tostophavingarest6.You’dbetter_________shortpassageseveryday.A.topracticereading B.practicereadingC.practicingreading D.practiceread7.IamsorryIbrokethewindow.You_________playfootballnearthewindow.A.should B.wouldrather C.shouldn’t D.hadbetter8.It’srainingoutside,you________goout.A.hadbetternot B.wouldbetter C.wouldn’t D.hadbetter9._________thisrockmusic,please!Iamafraidsomepeoplecan’tstandthisnoise.A.Stopping B.StopC.Stops D.Tostop10.Youhavemadesomemistakesagain!Ithinkyou__________bemorecareful!A.would B.may C.can D.should11.Please_________,theyarehavingameeting!A.notbesonoisy B.bequietC.mustn’ttalk D.benot12._________belateagain,Lucy!A.Don’tto B.Don’t C.Not D.Nospeaking13.Mike,youshould_________yourbedroom.It’s_________.A.tidyup;tidy B.tidyup;untidyC.tidy;untidy D.totidyup;untidy14._________playwithfire.__________withfireisdangerous.A.Don’t;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Don’t;Play D.Notto;ToPlay15.Simon.WhatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?You’dbetter_________morewaterthanusual.It’shottoday.A.totake B.take C.taking D.took16.Isyourbrothercrazy__________computergames?No,heisn’t.A.of B.in C.about D.at17.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave__________onethismonth.A.theother B.some C.another D.other18.Don’t__________thepicturesontheblackboard!A.puton B.putaway C.putup D.putin19.Wouldyouliketopaintthewhitewall___________blue?A.with B.in C.of D./20.Mr.SmithwasillsoIwenttohavethelesson__________.A.insteadof B.instead C.inplaceof D.intheplace【答案】BAADABCABDBBBABCCCDB二、词汇拼写A）根据句意和所给中文，用单词的正确形式填空。1.Iwillgotobuysome(工具)tomakeacageforthebird.2.IwantaskMr.Smithto____________(装饰)mynewhouse.3.Mybrotheris_____________(确切的)1.75mtall.4.Climbersusuallytakesomeclimbing______________(绳)withthem.5.Beforeyoutakethemedicine,youhadbetterreadthei____________first.6.Iwillrepairthetelephoneinsteadof___________(buy)anewone.7.Youworkforalongtime,you’dbetter____________(have)arest.8.Ican’tseethepicture___________(clear).【答案】tools;decorate;exact;ropes;instructions;buying;have;clearlyB）根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.____________(notsmoke)here,Rick.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.2.Hemadeafew___________(mistake)inhisexams.3.Hepractices__________(play)theguitaronSunday.4.__________(come)and__________(help)me,please.5.__________(notlook)atthepictures.6.Youshould____________(notbe)lateforschool.7._____________(notplay)tricksonthatboy.He’smuchyoungerthanyou.8.Shoppingonlineisfastandeasy,butyou’dbetter__________(notbe)crazyaboutit.【答案】Don’tsmoke;mistakes;playing;Comehelp;Don’tlook;notbe;Don’tplay;notbe三、单词拼写1．Heboughtaset(套)ofthe_______（工具）．2．What'sUFO_______（确切地），Mike?3.Sheis_______（已经）17yearsold.Shecanlookafterherself.4.Theydidn'tinvitetheboy_______（反而）．5.Didyou_______（出席）yourson'sparents'meetingyesterday?6．Heisagood_______（例子；榜样）inourclass.7．It's_______(可能的）torainthisevening.8.Nomatterwhathappens,we'llkeepthe_______（秘密）．9．Hekept_______（拼写）thewordwrong.10._______（使处于某种状态）thewetbookinthesunforsometime.11．-Couldyoupassthebooktome?-_______(certain),hereyouare!12.Therearemany_______(brush)inthebox.13.Theboyisafraidtospeakinfrontofthewholeclass.Heis_______(active)．14.Sheisthetopstudentinmyclass.Sheoftenanswersquestions_______(correct).15.Didyouenjoy_______(you)inthesummerholiday,boysandgirls?【答案】1.tools2,exactly3.already4.instead5.attend6.example7.possible8.secret9.spelling10.Leave11.Certainly12.brushes13.inactive14.correctly15.yourselves四、完形填空MyparentstookmetoJapanwhenIwaslittle.Ilivedthereforfiveyears._1_Icameback,myJapanesewasverygood.“CanIdosomethingusefulwithmyJapanese?”Iaskedmyself.Then,onedaylastspring,Igotagoodchance.EveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewith__2__todo.MyfatherboughtmeaJapanesebook.“Whydon’tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbetterthan___3___computergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButI__4__Ifounditwashardtokeepthepromise.OnedayinMay,theweatherwasbeautiful.ButIcouldn’tgoout.Those2,000wordswerestill_5__me.Aftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn’tmakemyselfturnthepages.HowIwishedIcouldjustgooutsideand__6__footballwithmyfriends!Icountedthewordsagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting___7__mymind.Onesaid,“Don’tgiveup!Keepworkinghard,andyouwilldowell!”Butthentheotheronesaid“Goandplay!Itwillbemore__8_thantranslating.Doyourworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwould__9___thecomputerButthenIremember__10__myparentshadtoldme:“Whateveryoudo,don’tstophalfway.”SoIsatdownandwentonwithit.()1.A.BecauseB.UntilC.SinceD.When()2.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything()3.A.beplayedB.playingC.playedD.plays()4.A.justthenB.rightnowC.soonD.suddenly()5.A.talkingtoB.lookingatC.smilingatD.waitingfor()6.A.playB.giveC.buyD.watch()7.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for()8.A.funB.importantC.usefulD.dangerous()9.A.turnonB.turnoffC.openD.close()10.A.howB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】1~5DABCD6~10AAABD五、阅读理解AfriendofminenamedPaulreceived（收到）anexpensivecarfromhisbrotherasaChristmaspresent．OnChristmasEvewhenPaulcameoutofhisoffice，astreeturchin(顽童)waswalkingaroundtheshiningcar．“Isthisyourcar，Paul？”heasked．Paulanswered，“Yes，mybrothergaveittomeforChristmas．”Theboywassurprised（惊奇）．“Youmeanyourbrothergaveittoyouanditdidn’tcostyouanything？Boy，Iwish…”Hehesitated(犹豫)．Ofcourse，Paulknewwhathewasgoingtowishfor（希望）．Hewasgoingtowishhehadabrotherlikethat.ButwhattheboysaidsurprisedPaulgreatly.“Iwish,”theboywenton，“thatIcouldbeabrotherlikethat．”Paullookedattheboyinsurprise,thenhesaidagain,“Wouldyouliketotakearideinmycar？”“Ohyes，I’dlovethat．”Afterashortride，theboyturnedandwithhiseyesshining，said，“Paul，wouldyoumind（介意）drivinginfrontofmyhouse？”Paulsmiledalittle．Hethoughtheknewwhattheboywanted．Hewantedtoshowhisneighboursthathecouldridehomeinabigcar.ButPaulwaswrongagain.“Willyoustopwherethosetwostepsare？theboyasked．Heranuptothesteps.TheninashortwhilePaulheardhimcomingback,buthewasnotcomingfast.Hewascarryinghislittlecrippled（残疾的）brother.Hesathimdownonthestepandpointedtothecar.“Theresheis,Buddy,justlikeItoldyouupstairs.HisbrothergaveittohimforChristmasanditdidn’tcosthimacent（美分）.AndsomedayI’mgoingtogiveyouonejustlikeit…thenyoucanseeforyourselfallthenicethingsintheChristmaswindowsthatI’vebeentryingtotellyouabout.”Paulgotoutandliftedtheboytothefrontseatofhiscar.Theshining-eyedolderbrotherclimbedinbesidehimandthethreeofthembegananunforgettable（难忘的）holidayride.()16.Thestreeturchinwasverysurprisedwhen________．A.PaulreceivedanexpensivecarB.PaultoldhimaboutthecarC.hesawtheshiningcarD.hewaswalkingaroundthecar()17.Fromthestorywecanseetheurchin________．A.wishedtogivehisbrotheracarB.wantedPaul’sbrothertogivehimacarC.wishedhecouldhaveabrotherlikePaul’sD.wishedPaulcouldbeabrotherlikethat()18.TheurchinaskedPaultostophiscarinfrontofhishouse________．A.toshowhisneighboursthebigcarB.toshowhehadarichfriendC.tolethisbrotherrideinthecarD.totellhisbrotherabouthiswish()19.Wecaninfer（推断）fromthestorythat________．Paulcouldn’tunderstandtheurchinB.theurchinhadadeeploveforhisbrotherC.theurchinwishedtohavearichbrotherD.theurchin’swishcametrueintheend()20.Thebestnameofthenamestoryis_________．A.AChristmasPresentB.AStreetUrchinC.ABrotherLikeThatD.AnUnforgettableHolidayRide【答案】BADBCSkin-divingisanewsporttoday．Thissporttakesyouintoawonderfulnewworld.Itislikeavisitto