专题08-阅读理解七选五 (解析版) 五年（2018-2022）北京高考真英语真题+两年模拟题分项汇编详解

专题08阅读理解七选五序号内容PartIPassage1-Passage5--5年真题过关PartIIPassage6-Passage28--模拟能力提升（北京各区模拟试题）PartI-5年真题过关Passage1（2022年北京）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.____35____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____36____Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____37____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.____38____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____39____This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。【答案】G【解析】根据空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的otherdiseases与空后的thesediseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。【答案】B【解析】根据空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。【答案】D【解析】根据空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。【答案】F【解析】根据空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。【答案】C【解析】根据空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。Passage2（2021年北京）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。35.【答案】F【解析】空格后说“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。36.【答案】B【解析】空格后说“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。37.【答案】D【解析】空格前说“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。38.【答案】G【解析】空格前说“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。39.【答案】E【解析】空格后说“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。Passage3（2020年北京）Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____46____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____47____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____48____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____49____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____50____Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。【答案】B【解析】根据上文“Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negativeself-talks可对应到B选项中Negativeself-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。【答案】D【解析】根据后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可对应到D选项中Positivethinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。【答案】C【解析】根据后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。【答案】A【解析】根据上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。Passage4（2019年北京）Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals._____46_____Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？___47___Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball.whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions.______48______Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”___49___Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比赛)，wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.___50___.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。46.【答案】B【解析】上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。47.【答案】E【解析】下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。48.【答案】G【解析】上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。49.【答案】D【解析】上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。50.【答案】F【解析】下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。Passage5（2018年北京）WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations._____51_____Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._____52_____Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.____53____Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred._____54_____Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger._____55_____However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。【答案】F【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因：triggering（触发）events，personalitytraits（特征），ourassessmentofsituations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。【答案】G【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。【答案】E【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.（拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。【答案】A【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。【答案】D【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。PartII-模拟能力提升（北京各区模拟试题）Passage6（2022·北京朝阳·二模）Inrecentyearstheterm“socialdistancing"hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversation.Butit’snot“social”distancebutphysicalseparationthatwearetryingtopromote.Preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.____1____Moderntechnologyhasprovideduswithmanytools.Notalltoolspromotesocialconnectionequally,however.Andoftensuchseeminglysmallchoicescanmakeabigdifferencebetweenstrengtheningstrongersocialconnectionsandgivingintogrowingsocialdistance.____2____Whenpeopleoverestimatethecostsorunderestimatethebenefitsofvoice-basedcommunication,itcancreateamisplacedbias(偏见)fortext-basedmedia.Inoneexperiment,wetestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffecttheirsenseofconnection-andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.Althoughvoice-basedinteractions(suchasphonecalls)canproducestrongerconnections,text-basedmedia(suchase-mails)areoftenpreferred.Weaskedparticipantstoconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.____3____Theygenerallyassumedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethandashingoffane-mail.Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey’drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup.Fearsaboutawkwardnesspushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating.____4____Thenwefollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.Asexpected,wefoundthatpeopledidformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Moreimportantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.Thehumanvoiceappearstoprovidebenefitsforconnection.Ourworksuggeststhatfeelingsofsocialconnectionareapparentlyfacilitatedbyone’svoiceratherthantheirkeyboard.____5____A．Sothenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercalling.B．Weagainhadparticipantsactuallyconnectusingeithere-mailorphone.C．Participantsfirstpredictedwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchinthesetwoways.D．Whentheyinteractonthephone,theyfindtheyaremoreconnectedthaninreallife.E．Thosemodesofcommunicationareperfectchoicesatthetimeofphysicaldistancing.F．Thenhowmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?G．Decisionsonhowtoconnecttendtobebasedonexpectationsofpotentialprosandconsoftheinteraction.【答案】1．F

2．G

3．C

4．B

5．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。1．【解析】根据下文“Moderntechnologyhasprovideduswithmanytools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Thenhowmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?(那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。2．【解析】根据下文“Whenpeopleoverestimatethecostsorunderestimatethebenefitsofvoice-basedcommunication,itcancreateamisplacedbias(偏见)fortext-basedmedia.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisionsonhowtoconnecttendtobebasedonexpectationsofpotentialprosandconsoftheinteraction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。3．【解析】根据上文“Weaskedparticipantstoconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“Theygenerallyassumedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participantsfirstpredictedwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchinthesetwoways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。4．【解析】根据下文“Thenwefollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“Weagainhadparticipantsactuallyconnectusingeithere-mailorphone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。5．【解析】空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“Sothenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercalling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致。故选A。Passage7（2022·北京东城·模拟预测）Weallwanttomakeagreatfirstimpression,whetherit’smeetingournewcolleaguesforthefirsttimeorgettingtoknowpeopleatasocialevent.____6____Firstdayscanbestressful:Notonlyareyoulearningtheinsandoutsofyourjobrole,butyouarealsolearningtheropesaboutofficeculture,coworkerpersonalities,andteaminteractions.____7____Whetheritcomesnaturallyornot,trytoshowfriendlinessandopennesstoeveryonewithwhomyoucrosspaths.Makeanefforttointroduceyourselftothosearoundyou,especiallythoseyouwillbeworkingcloselywithonadailybasis.Bekindtothosearoundyou,andshowarealinterestinlearningaboutyournewworkenvironment.____8________9____Whatdoesthatmean?Donotbescaredbypeoplewhohaveworkedatyourcompanylonger—goaheadandvolunteerforprojectsanddoyourbesttoshowyourbossandteammembersthatyouarenotonlyresponsible,buteagertoshowwhatyoucando.Ifthereareanyafter-workevents,besuretoattend.Somepeopleworkinacasualofficeatmosphere,whererulesareabitlaidback.Butevenifyoususpectthismightbethecaseforyournewworkplace,thefirstdayonthejobisnotthetimetofullyembracetheslack(懈怠).____10____Thatmeanskeepingyourcellphoneonvibrateorsilentandputtingitawayfortheday.Avoidallpersonalcallsandemailsduringworkhours.Anddonotsurftheinternetfornon-work-relatedtasks,evenifyounoticeothersdoingso.Asthenewbieintheoffice,it’sultimatelyyourresponsibilitytolearntheropesaboutwhat’sexpectedintermsofdress,officeculture,etc.Butonyourveryfirstday,doeverythingyoucantoshowyourbossandcolleaguesyouareavaluablepartoftheteam.A．Itisalottotakein,butnowisnotthetimetobeshy.B．Initiativeisthemostimportantthingforanewemployeetogetstarted.C．Whetherit’sfairornot,peoplemakeassumptionsbasedonphysicalpresentation.D．Youarebeingheldtoahigherstandardthanthosewhohavebeenatthecompanylonger.E．Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob,however,mayjustbethedefiningmoment.F．Instead,keepitextremelyprofessionaluntilyouhavegottenachancetowitnesstheculturefirsthand.G．Peoplewillpickuponyourgenuineness,whichwillgoalongwaytowardmakingagreatfirstimpression.【答案】6．E

7．A

8．G

9．B

10．D【导语】本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。6．【解析】文章最后一段最后一句“Butonyourveryfirstday,doeverythingyoucantoshowyourbossandcolleaguesyouareavaluablepartoftheteam.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（onyourveryfirstday），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob,however,mayjustbethedefiningmoment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。7．【解析】下文“Whetheritcomesnaturallyornot,trytoshowfriendlinessandopennesstoeveryonewithwhomyoucrosspaths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“Itisalottotakein,butnowisnotthetimetobeshy.(虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“alot”代指上文提到的“theropesaboutofficeculture,coworkerpersonalities,andteaminteractions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。8．【解析】上文“Bekindtothosearoundyou,andshowarealinterestinlearningaboutyournewworkenvironment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“Peoplewillpickuponyourgenuineness,whichwillgoalongwaytowardmakingagreatfirstimpression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。9．【解析】下文“Donotbescaredbypeoplewhohaveworkedatyourcompanylonger—goaheadandvolunteerforprojectsanddoyourbesttoshowyourbossandteammembersthatyouarenotonlyresponsible,buteagertoshowwhatyoucando.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（goaheadandvolunteerforprojects）。B选项“Initiativeisthemostimportantthingforanewemployeetogetstarted.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。10．【解析】上午“Somepeopleworkinacasualofficeatmosphere,whererulesareabitlaidback.Butevenifyoususpectthismightbethecaseforyournewworkplace,thefirstdayonthejobisnotthetimetofullyembracetheslack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的