考博英语模拟试卷238

考博英语模拟试卷238

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Myowninclination,ifIwereinyoursituation,wouldbetolookforanotherposition.

A^symptom

B、likeness

C、habit

D^tendency

标准答案：D

知识点解析：inclinalion的意思是“倾斜，弯曲，倾斜度，倾向，爱好”。四个整项

中，A项symptom表示“症状,征兆”，B项likeness表示“相像,相似物”，C项

habit表示“习惯，习性”，D项tendency表示“趋向，倾向本题是说如果我处在你

的位置，我会寻找另外的职位。因此D项为正确答案。

2、Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomakeforelderlypeopleintheir

housingprogrammes.

A、preparation

requirement

C、specification

D、provision

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查固定搭配。makepreparationfor表示"为...做准备”；make

provisionfor指“为……做好准备，为……预先采取措施”，着重指提前做出的准

备，如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture（准备日后之需）。不说makerequirement/

specificationforo因此，答案为D。

3、Sheansweredwithan"No"lotherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

A、eloquent

B、effective

C、emotional

D、emphatic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：einphalic表示“强调的，着重的，断然的”，如：Heanswcicdihc

questionwithanemphatic“No”.（他用一个加强语气的“不”字回答了这个问题。）

4、Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnelbecauseoffinancial

trouble.

A、cuts

B>demands

C^reductions

D、orders

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A项“裁员”；B项“需求”；C项“减小”；D项“订单”。

5、Wcwerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelooked

completely.

A、irresistible

B、irremissible

C、irreplaceable

D、irretrievable

标准答案：D

知识点解析：irresistible不可抵抗的；irremissible不能避免的;irreplaceable不能替

换的；irretrievable不能挽回的。

6、Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewasintropiccountries.

A、prospective

R、prevalent

C、provocative

D、perpetual

标准答案：8

知识点解析：空格意思是：一些研究证实，在热带国家这种眼疾很普遍。各项的意

思是：prospective"预期的”;prevalent"普遍的,流行"；provocative”煽动的，挑衅

的“；perpetual“永久的,不断的”。

7、Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesknowwhereto

look.

A、virtually

initially

C、invariably

D、infinitely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：空格意思是：钥匙绝不能藏在房子周围，因为盗窃者们总是知道在哪

找到钥匙。各项的意思是：visually"事实上，实质上”；initially"最初，开头”；

invariably"不变地，总是"；infinitely“无限地，无穷地”。

8、Businessmen(quitegenerally)lookupon(risingprices)as(asymptom)of

(prosperities).

A、quitegenerally

risingprices

C、asymptom

D、prosperities

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Twentypoundsenoughforsuchapoorfamilytospendforamonth.

A、were

B>being

C、havebeen

D^was

标准答案：D

知识点解析：表示时间度量等复数名词做主语时，常常作为一个整体看待，谓语动

词用单数：Tenmilesisalongdistance.10英里是很长的路程。

10、Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanis

normal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.

A、hardlyactive

B、relativelyactive

C、extremelyinactive

D、pathologicallyactive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：hyperactive极度活跃的，亢进的；hardlyaclive几乎不活跃的；

relativelyactive相对活跃的；extremelyinactive极度不活跃的；pathologicallyactive

病态性地活跃的。只有D与题中词意思接近。

11、Brassconcertmusicwastoanewlevelinthe1880swhenJohnPhilipSousa

tookovertheU.S.MarineBand.

A^strengthened

B、headed

C、lifted

D^briefed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说提高到一个新的水平。sirenglhened的意思是“加强，

巩固”;headed的意思是"前进"；lifted的意思是“提高"：briefed的意思是"简短

根据题意，C项为正确答案。

12^Ourcountrywasfoundedontheloftyprinciplesoffreedomandjusticeforall.Our

loftyprinciplesoughttobe.

A、facedupto

B、lookedupto

C、livedupto

D^madeupto

标准答案：C

知识点解析:C项的“livedupto符合(原则、誓言等)”符合题意。如：DidtheTV

playliveuptoyourexpectations?(这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?)其他三项“faced

upto勇敢地对付；lookedupto尊敬；madeupto接近”都不正确。

13、WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways

A、inexplicable

B、healthy

C、sound

D、straight

标准答案：C

知识点解析：sound可靠的，合理的；inexplicable无法说明的；healthy健康的；

straight直的。

14、TheU.S.SenateunanimouslypassedaresolutionIsrael'smilitaryattackon

Lebanon.

A、endowing

B、endeavoring

C^enacting

D^endorsing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、Theruleonlyappliestonationalsofthecountry,asfromforeignvisitors.

A、distinct

B、distinctive

C^distinguishable

D^distinguished

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16^Fewpeoplerealizehowrichthatareais.Itisalandoftreasuretreasure.

A、piledon

B、derivedfrom

C、turnedover

D、increasedby

标准答案：A,

知识点解析；本题是说很少有人认识到那个地区有多么富裕，它是一个堆积在财宝

上的宝地。A项“pileon堆积(pilethingsoneontopoftheother；pileup堆积，积累)”

符合题意。其他三项中,derive(sth)(from)v."起源于;衍生;取得，得到“；turn

sth.overtosb.移交"；turnsth.overinthemind"仔细考虑"；increasev.“增

加”(不说increaseslh.bysth.),都与题意不符。

17、Ifyoutakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldyourcold.

A^heal

B、cure

C、treat

D、recover

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（cure治愈，curesomebodyofadisease治好某人的病，cureadisease

治好一种病）。句意为：如果你每天服两次药，它就会把感冒治好。A._heal伤口愈

合，治愈，但其搭配是healsomebodyofadisease;C.treat治疗，只表示治病的过

程，不强调治疗的结果；D.recover使（身体）复原。

18、Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterher

husband'sboathadbeen

A、wrecked

collapsed

C>decayed

D、fired

标准答案：A

知识点解析；wrecked毁坏的，（船只、飞机）失事的，遇难的；collapse（建筑物等）

倒塌，崩溃；decay：腐朽。衰败；fire着火，辞退，句意：莱克夫人床边的电话响

了，她从梦中惊醒，那是在她丈夫的船遇难12小时以后。

19、Hedidn'thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword,hejustit.

A、skimmed

B、observed

C、overlooked

D、glanced

标准答案：A

知识点解析：skim浏览,略读，符合句意；observe观察，遵守;overlook忽略;

glance—瞥，扫视。句意：他没有时间逐字逐句阅读报告，他只是浏览了一下。

20、Mariowasawardedthemedalfordisplayingprofessionalofthehighest

orderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago.

A、solution

supervision

C^intelligence

D^competence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、Becauseofitsexcellenceinquality,forthelasttwoyears,Audicarhas

Germany'sTouringCarChampionship.

A、conquered

contested

C、dominated

D、determined

标准答案：c

知识点解析：本题意为“由于Audi车性能优越，在过去的两年中，它主导了德国的

汽车锦标赛dominaie意为“主导，支配，占优势”，如：Agreatmancandominate

othersbyforceofcharacter.（伟人能以人格的力量支配他人。）conquer意为“战胜，

征服，克服（困难）“，后面不能接表比赛的词；contests意为“争夺，竞赛”，填进去

也与句意不符。所以正确答案是C。

22>Thelocalauthoritiesseemedtofortheaccidentthattookplacelastweek.

A、share

B、take

C、criticize

D、blame

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：木题空格处是说应对发生的事故受到谴责。betoblame的意思是“应

受谴责、、；share的意思是“分享、、；takefor的意思是“以为criticize的意思是“批

评”。四个选项中只有D项符合题意。

23、Finally,let'sacriticalissueinanyhonestexplorationofourattitudes

towardsoldpeople,namelythevaluewhichoursocietyascribestothem.

A、stickto

B、turnto

C^leadto

D、taketo

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、Theunrulycrowdbecameevenmorewhenthenegotiatortriedtoquietthem.

A^bombastic

B、boorish

C、boisterous

D^bloated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C.boisterous狂暴的，骚嚷的，喧闹的。A.bombastic夸大的,夸

夸其谈的。B.boorish粗鄱的，乡卜气的，粗俗的。D.bloated肿胀的,傲慢的,

趾高气扬的。

25、Manyofthefadsofthe1970sastoday,slatestfashions.

A^arebeingrevived

B>isrevised

C^arerevoked

D^isbeingreviled

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题答案是A。A项的意思是：revived复活，再生。其他各选项的

意思是：revised修订,改变。revoked已撤销。reviled诽谤。主语“thefads”是复

数，根据句意，应选择A。

26>Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethneverachrome（chance）to

practiceherChinese.

A、passedby

B、passedon

C、passedout

D、passedup

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题答案是D。D项的意思是：passedup拒绝。passupachancetodo

sth.放弃做某事的机会。其他各选项的意思是：passedby经过，掠过。passedon

去世，传递。passedout昏倒，死。根据句意可知，应选较D。

27、Wchavebeenhearingaccountsofyourwork.

A、favored

B、favorable

C、favorite

D、favoring

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题考查的是词义的辨析。四个选项中，favored意为“有利的，受惠

的''；favorable意为“赞成的，称许的"；favorite意为“喜欢的，中意的"；favoring

意为“顺利的，有帮助的”。句意是，“我们一直在听赞扬你工作的报道”。因此B项

正确。

28、Inacoal-miningarea,thelandtendstocausingdamagetoroadsand

buildings.

A、subside

B、diminish

C、confiscate

D、cede

标准答案：A

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是：subside（土地）下陷；平息；diminish（使）减

少,减弱的权势；confiscate没收,充公；cede让给,割让。句意是，在煤炭

矿区，地表下陷损坏了道路和建筑物。

29、Isitproperforthegovernmenttopublicopinionthroughself-serving,one­

sidedjournalism?

A^touch

B、hunt

C、sway

D、proceed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句子大意为：政府应该通过服务于自己的片面媒体左右公众舆论吗？

在给出的选项中：touch“触摸”；hunt“狩猎”；sway“控制”；proceed“前进所

以，正确答案是C。

30、In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope

Europeintoagreatwar.

A^pitched

B、imposed

C、inserted

D^plunged

标准答案：D

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是：pitch坠落，倾斜；impose征税，强加，

以...欺骗；insert插入，嵌入；plunge投入，跳进，陷入。句意是，1914年，东

欧一个偏远的小地方将整个欧洲拖人大战之中。

二、阅读理解（本题共738题，每题7.0分，共738

分。）

Inrecentyears,Israeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey'vebecome

wealthierandmoreworldly-wise.Foreigntravelisanationalpassion;thissummeralone,

onein10citizenswillgoabroad.Exposedtohigherstandardsofserviceelsewhere,

Israelisarereturninghomeexpectingthesame.Americanfirmshavealsobegunarriving

inlargenumbers.ChainssuchasKFC,McDonald'sandPizzaHutaresettinganew

standardofcustomerservice,usingstrictemployeetrainingandconstantmonitoringto

ensurethefriendlinessoffrontlinestaff.EventheAmericanhabitoftellingdeparting

customersto"Haveaniceday"hascaughtonalloverIsrael."Nobodywakesupinthe

morningandsays,'Let'sbenicer'nsaysItsikCohen,directorofaconsultingfirm.

"Nothinghappenswithoutcompetition."Privatization,orthethreatofit,isamotivation

aswell.Monopolies（垄断者）thatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheircustomers

forgrantednowfearwhatMichaelPerry,amarketingprofessor,calls"therevengeful（报

复的）consumer".WhenthegovernmentopenedupcompetitionwithBezaq,thephone

company,itsinternationalbranchlost40%ofitsmarketshare,evenwhileoffering

competitiverates.SaysPerry,"Peoplewantedrevengeforalitheyearsofbadservice.'*

Theelectriccompany,whosemonopolymaybeshort-lived,hassuddenlystopped

requiringuserstowaithaftadayforarepairman.Now,appointmentsarescheduledto

thehalf-hour.ThegracelessEIAIAirlines,whichisalreadyatauction（拍卖），has

retraineditsemployeestoemphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanad

campaignwiththeslogan,"Youcanfeelthechangeintheair."Forthefirsttime,praise

outnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.

31、Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由短文主题及第一段要点，尤其是第一段第3句，不难推知答案为

Ao

32、Intheauthor'sview,higherservicestandardsareimpossibleinIsrael.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由短文主题及第一段最后一句及第二段内容，可推知高水准的服务水

平需要“竞争”。

33、ifsomeoneinIsraeltodayneedsarepairmanincaseofapowerfailure.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：木题涉及对短文第二段第五句的理解，应用于实际，即答案

34、TheexampleofEIALAirlinesshowsthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题涉及短文第二段最后关于EIAI航空公司的事例，本例说明的是

员工再培训对公司竞争力提高的重要性。

35、WhydidBczaq'sinternationalbranchlose40%ofitsmarketshare?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干，本题答题出处应在第二段第二至第四句，这一层次涉及的

要点是“therevengefulconsumer”。

WhenFrankDaletookoveraspublisherofLosAngelesHcrrald-Examincr,the

organizationhadjustendedaten-yearstrike.Therewasmuchbitternessand,ashetold

ushimselftoeverybody,tothankthemfortheirloyaltytothatpoint,andtoallowthemto

expresstheirconcernsandfrustrations.ToquestionslikeMWhatmakesyouthinkyoucan

makethisthinggo?"heresponded,"!don'tknowyet,butinthirtydaysI'llcomebackto

youandletyouknowwhatI'vefound."Herecruitedataskforceofthebestpeoplefrom

throughouttheHearstCorporationtodoacrashstudy.andinthirtydayshehadawritten

reportonwhatneededtobedone,whichhesharedwiththestaff.Hehadtakentheall-

importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,withoutv/hichleadershipwouldnothave

beenpossible.Trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaderstogether.The

accumulationoftrustisameasureofthelegitimacyofleadership.Itcannotbedemanded

orpurchased;itmustbeearned.Trustisthebasicingredientofallorganizations,the

lubricationthatmaintainstheorganization,anditisasmysteriousanddifficultaconcept

asIcadership-andasimportant.Onethingwecansayforsureabouttrustisthatiftrustis

tobegenerated,theremustbepredictability,thecapacitytopredictanother'sbehavior.

Anotherwayofputtingitistosaythatorganizationswithouttrustwouldresemblethe

ambiguousnightmareofKafka'sTheCastle,wherenothingcanbecertainandnobodycan

bereliedonorbeheldresponsible.Theabilitytopredictoutcomeswithshigh

probabilityofsuccessgeneratesandmaintainingtrust.

36、WhatwasFrankDate'sproblemwhenhebecamethepublisherofLosAngeles

Herrald-Examiner?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第一段的“bitterness”一词可知，当时并不是很顺利。

37、WhatwastheresultofFrankDale'sfirststeps?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：liTHchadtakentheall-importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,

withoutwhichleadershipwouldnothavebeenpossible”可以得出答案。

38、Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldtrustbeestablished?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第二段第三行的意思可知信任是建立在努力和行动基础之上的。

39、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttrust?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段首句“trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaders

together”可知，信任是连接员工与领导的桥粱，可以维系公司机构的运作，故选

Bo

40、ForwhatpurposeisKafka'sTheCastlementioned?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从最后一段最后几句可知，本文提到kafka'sthecastle是为了更好的

说明信任的重要性，故选C。

KevinRogersusedtobemyboss.Atthattimehewasahardworking,up-and-coming

businessmanandarealslave-driver,alwaystellinguswehadtosellmoreandmore.As

soonasIcould,Igotajobwithanothercompany.ThelasttimeIsawRogerswasmore

thantenyearsago.Atleastthat'swhatIthoughtuntillastThursday.ButnowI'mnotso

sure.Iwasonmywaybacktomyofficeinthecenteroftown.Thereisasmallpark

nearbywhichIsometimeswalkthroughafterlunch.Itwasalmostempty,exceptforan

unshaven,shabby-lookingmanononeofthebenches.Helookedaboutfiftyyearsold

andwaswearinganold,greyovercoat.Itwasacold,wintryday,andhewasshivering.

"It'sbeenalongtimesinceIhadameal.Canyouhelpme?"hesaid.Therewas

somethingabouthisvoicethatsoundedfamiliar.Igavehimafewcoinsandhemumbled

somethingaboutbeinggrateful.Ashestumbledpastme,Ilookedathisfaceclosely.I

wonderedwhereIhadseenhimbefore.Thenithitme.Coulditpossiblybe'"?No!

Impossible,IthoughtIwatchedhimwalkingaway.HewasthesameheightasRogers

butlookedalotthinnerthanIremembered.Then,ashelefttheparkandturneddownthe

street,Icaughtsightofhisfaceagain,thistimeinprofile.Thennosewasthesameas

Rogers,too.Ialmostfollowedhimbutsomethingmademestop.Ijustcouldn'tbesure.

Buttheresemblancewasveryclose.YesterdayIrunintosomeonewhohadworkedfor

RogersatthesametimeIdid,andhadstayednolonger.Istartedtellinghimaboutthe

manIhadseeninthepark.ForamomentIthoughtitwasouroldboss.Thevoice,the

nose,andeventhefacewerejustlikeRogers.Butitcouldn'thavebeen."Rogersmustbe

thedirectorofabigcompanybynow,"Isaid.Myex-colleagueshookhishead,"I

thoughtyouknew.""Knew?Knewwhat?Whatareyoutalkingabout?'*"Rogerswassent

toprisonsixyearsago.He'ssleepingonparkbenchesandbeggingmoneyfrompassers­

by',

41、ItseemsthatwhenRogerswasthewriter'sboss,thewriter.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、Whenthisstorybegins,thewriter.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、Whenthemanintheparksawthewriter,theman.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、Thewriterthoughtthemanmightbe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

45Whenthewritertoldanex-colleagueaboutthemaninthepark,theex-colleague

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stock

options,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesin

thehighestincomebosseswentdown.Millionairesarenowcommon-place.Amiabilityis

notaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficers

withlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss'jobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhis

subordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhard

times;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedon

intimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustrysohegoeshomenightlywithafull

briefcase.Attheverytop-andonthewayup-executivesareexceedinglydedicated.The

Americanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthe,social

partofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.

Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittle

timeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,

despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombines

withsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobic

exerciseto"keeptheoldheartinshape"andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutlerand

alcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesouiof

therunning.Buthisdoctor'sadmonitionto"takeiteasy"fallsondeafears.Helikesto

work.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.Corporatehead-hunting,

carriedonby"executivesearchfirms",isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithin

individualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesarcsoindemandthat

companiesregularlymideachother'smanagerialranks.

46、Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第2段第3句巾说，执行官应当十分熟悉自己的公司以及所处的

行业，所以常常每晚带上满满一公文包的资料回家。因此正确答案是D。

47、Theterm"aerobicexercise"isakindof.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：aerobicexercise有氧健身法，是一种physicalexercise（体育锻炼），故

选B。

48、Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由文章第5段第1句"Corporatehead-hunting...executivesearch

firms...isagrowingindusiry.“可知，C选项executivesearchfirm的工作是公司猎

头。

49、Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第3段最后一句"Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthat

combineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”中得知选项D正确：打高尔夫既是一种锻

炼，同时也提供社交机会。

50WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第1段第1句可知，C”所有的首席执行官都可以每年赚数百万

美元''这一说法太绝对，只是说通常可赚这么多，所以不正确，是该题答案。文章

第4段倒数第3句，文章第4段最后一句和文章第4段第1句可知A、B、D说

法。正确。

Anthropologists,psychologistsandothershavebegunseekingtherootsofambitionin

family,culture,gender,genesandmore.Theyhavebynomeansthrownthecurtainall

thewayback,buttheyhavebeguntopartit.Ifhumansareanambitiousspecies,it'sclear

we'renottheonlyone.Manyanimalsarcknowntosignaltheirambitioustendencies

almostfrombirth.Evenbeforewolfpupsareweaned,theybeginsortingthemselvesout

intoalphasandalltheothers.Thealphasarequicker,morecurious,greedierforspace,

milk,Mom—andtheystaythatwayforlife.Alphawolveswanderwidely,breedannually

andmaylivetoageriatric10or11yearsold.Lower-rankingwolvesenjoynoneofthese

benefits-stayingclosetohome,breedingrarelyandusuallydyingbeforethey'refour.

Humansoftenreportthesamekindoftemperamentaldeterminism.Familiesarefullof

storiesoftheinexhaustibleinfantwhogrewuptobeanentrepreneur,thephlegmatic

childwhoneverreallyshowedmuchgo.Butifit'sgenesthatruntheshow,whatexplains

identicaltwins-precisegenetictemplatesofeachotherwhooughttobetemperamentally

identicalbutoftenexhibitprofounddifferencesintheoctaneoftheirambition?Ongoing

studiesofidenticaltwinshavemeasuredachievementmotivation-lablanguagefor

ambition--inidenticalsiblingsseparatedatbirth,andfoundthateachtwin'sprofile

overlaps30%to50%oftheother's.Ingeneticterms,that'sanawfullot—1'abenchmark

forheritability",saysgeneticistDeanHaineroftheU.S.NationalCancerInstitute.But

thatstillleavesagreatdealthatcanbedeterminedbyexperiencesininfancy,subsequent

upbringingandcountlessotherimponderables.Someofthosevariablesmaybefoundby

studyingthefunctionofthebrain.AtWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Missouri,

researchershavebeenconductingbrainimagingtoinvestigateatraittheycall

persistence-theabilitytostayfocusedonataskuntilit'scompletedjustso—whichthey

consideroneofthecriticalenginesdrivingambition.Theresearchersrecruitedasample

groupofstudentsandgaveeachaquestionnairedesignedtomeasurepersistencelevel.

Thentheypresentedthestudentswithatask-identifyingsetsofpicturesaseither

pleasantorunpleasantandtakeneitherindoorsoroutdoors-whileconductingmagnetic

resonanceimagingoftheirbrains.Thenatureofthetaskwasunimportant,buthow

stronglythesubjectsfeltaboutperformingitwell-andwhereinthebrainthatfeelingwas

processed-couldsayalot.Ingeneral,theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoscored

highestinpersistencehadthegreatestactivityinthelimbicregion,theareaofthebrain

relatedtoemotionsandhabits."Thecorrelationwas.8[or80%],"saysprofessorof

psychiatryRobertCloningcr,oneoftheinvestigators."That'sasgoodasyoucanget,"It's

impossibletosaywhetherinnatedifferencesinthebrainweredrivingtheambitious

behaviororwhetherlearnedbehaviorwascausingthelimbictolightup.Butanumberof

researchersbelieveifspossibleforthenonambitioustojump-starttheirdrive,provided

therightjoltcomesalong."Energylevelmaybegenetic/'sayspsychologistSimonton,

"butalotoftimesit'sjustfindingtherightthingtobeambitiousabout."Simontonand

othersoftencitethecaseofFranklinD.Roosevelt,whomightnothavebeenthesame

Presidenthebecame-orevenbecomepresidentatall-hadhisdisablingpolionottaught

himvaluablelessonsaboutpatienceandtenacity.

51、Theauthorindicatesintheopeningparagraphthatintheirsearchfortherootsof

ambition,scientists.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、Thetopicofthesecondparagraphis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、Welearnfromthepassagethatnoidenticalprofileswerefoundwithidenticaltwins

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、Whichexpressioncanbeusedtoreferto"ambition"?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

55>Thelinkbetweenambitionandpersistenceisliketheonebetween.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

56^Byusingtheword"imponderables"inParagraph4,theauthorsuggeststhat

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、Inthecitedexperiment,thesubjectswerefirstrequiredto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、Theresearchersfoundthattheremightbeahighcorrelationbetween.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、Intermsoftherootsofambition,theconcludingparagraphputsmuchemphasison

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeople

fromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinely

dangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,and

Quaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisks

oftheiruse,andsomeof:hisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin

"underground"papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydo

notgiveasimple"alldrugsareterribleforyou"message.Drugusersknowtherearebig

variationsindangeramongdrugsandantidrugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisis

likelytoberidiculed.Thisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausers

ofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropaganda,filmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe

1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock­

musicvideosoncabletelevision'sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,

itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwheregothightowatchit.Although

persuasioncanworkfirsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseem

immuneiorhemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeven

throughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicized

foryears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionof

abuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier'scontentionthat"if

thePepsigenerationscanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednotto

drinkitwhiledriving"isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdoneby

peoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobe

dissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

60、Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,antidrugeducation.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

61、Thefilm"ReeferMadness"mentionedinthepassage.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

62、Themessage"alldrugsareterribleforyou"isnotinfluentialbecause.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

63、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopolytomonopoly.Atoneendof

thecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompanyhasasimilarproduct.

Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornareofteninvolvedinpure

competition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiencyofdistributionthat

influencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetition,severalcompaniesmay

competeforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassicexampleof

monopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedastoohigh,

consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscountsareoftenused

aspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurswhenafew

companiesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfiveairline

carrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.Inoligopoly,

seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultinreduced

revenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhichall

companiesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomersasomewhatsimilartendencytoraise

pricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirmseis

theproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsandservices

thathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.Inthese

eases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluencessales.

64、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章介绍的就是商.业竞争的四种基本形式。

65、Anexampleofproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。

66、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第四段中"⑹eratccT的意思是“允许”，所以答案为A。

67、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessi