北京市第101中学2025届高考英语一模试卷含解析

北京市第101中学2025届高考英语一模试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Cellsareimportantbecausetheyareorganizedstructuresthathelplivingthingtheactivitiesoflife.A．carryonB．expandonC．putonD．hangon2．Backwardsomewhattechnologically________weareforthemoment,wehaveconfidenceinourabilitytocatchupintime.A．althoughB．ifC．asD．once3．Allthedishesinthismenu，_____otherwisestated，willservetwotothreepeople.A．as B．if C．though D．unless4．—Listeningtolanguagerecordinginbedseemslikeaneasywayto_______somenewvocabulary.—Butdoesthislearningmethodactuallywork?A．polishupB．makeupC．pickupD．buildup5．Noonebelieveshisreasonsforbeinglatethathewascaughtinatrafficjam,_______madehimembarrassed.A．it B．which C．that D．why6．Thissemesterourschooloffersmanyoptionalcoursesforthestudents,_______appealstomanystudents.A．eachofwhich B．allofwhomC．eachofwhom D．allofwhich7．—Areyoureadytoleave?—Almost,I’llbereadytogojustassoonasI________puttingthecleandishesaway.A．getthrough B．giveupC．carryout D．setabout8．LastyearIappliedtoPrincetonUniversity．I____theywouldsayyes—buttheydid,andnowhereIam．A．neverthink B．amneverthinkingC．haveneverthought D．neverthought9．Manyofusseereadingasaninvestmentinourselves，soit’sonlynaturalthatwewanttolearnsomethinguseful________ourefforts.A．inviewofB．inresponsetoC．inparallelwithD．inreturnfor10．TheU.S.officialsaidNorthKorea---andIran---shouldfollowinthestepsofLibya,whichlastDecembersaiditwouldwork__________toallowinternationalweaponsinspectorstodotheirwork.A．unconditionally B．unwillingly C．unfortunately D．uncomfortably11．—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I______gototheconcertinstead.A．must B．wouldC．should D．might12．Iwillgiveyousomearticleswhichyoucanwhenyouwritethereport.A．referto B．applyto C．leadto D．talkto13．I________abletocatchthefirstflighthome,butmywatchbetrayedme.A．were B．hadbeenC．wouldbe D．wouldhavebeen14．I’mnotsureofthereasonforthedog’sillness,butit____byeatingtoomuch.A．mayhavebeencaused B．needhavebeencausedC．shouldhavebeencaused D．musthavebeencaused15．—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—"Noperson_______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea．"A．shall B．may C．must D．Will16．ThebeautifulmountainvillagewespentourholidaylastyearislocatedinisnowpartofGuangxi.A．which;where B．where;what C．that;what D．when;which17．Morecompetitivehigh-techenterprisesareinvestinginNantongCentralInnovationDistrict,whichwillresultin_____economicgrowth.A．sustainable B．adaptable C．recyclable D．changeable18．Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,________asuddenloudnoise.A．beingthere B．shouldtherebeC．therewas D．therehavingbeen19．—CouldyouturntheTVdownalittlebit?—________.Isitdisturbingyou?A．Takeiteasy.B．I’msorry.C．NotabitD．Itdepends20．Joinusandyouwilldiscoveranenvironment______youcanmakethemostofyourskillsandtalents.A．that B．whereC．how D．what第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Companionplantingistheideathatsomekindsofplantscanhelpeachothergrow.Plantsthatarecompatible（兼容的，能共处的）togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients，soilandmoisturelevels.Adviceaboutwhichplantsarecompatibleissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.Butexpertssaythereisevidencetosupportcertaincombinations.Thesecanimproveharvests，reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.Forexample，somekindsofsoilbacteriatakenitrogenfromtheairandmakeitintoaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantsholdthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumes(豆科植物)areespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen(氮)fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogenwhentherootsarebrokendown.Beansandpotatoescanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil，sotheydonotcompletewithplantswithshallowerroots.Butsomeplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother'sdevelopment.Forexample，tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes，soyouwouldprobablywanttokeepthemseparated.Somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapartevenafterbeingharvested.Thisisbecauseofethylenegas(乙烯气体)．Ethyleneisaplanthormone(激素)thatcancausesomefoodstoripentooquickly.Applesreleaseethylenegas.Apricots，melonsandtomatoesalsoreleasealotofethylene.Somevegetablesareeasilyaffectedbyethylene，includingasparagus，broccoli，cabbageandcucumbers.Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana，theethylenefromtheapplewillmakethebananareadytoeatsooner.Whataboutpeaches，plumsandnectarines?Thesekindsoffruitdonotneedanyhelpfromanapple—theyreleaseenoughethylenetoripenthemselves.Butthatdoesnotmeanthereisnowaytogetthejobdonefaster.Growerssuggestplacingthefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagwiththetopfoldedover.Keepthefruitatroomtemperature，outofdirectsunlight.Oncethefruitissoftenough，eitheruseitorputitintherefrigeratortokeepitfromgettingtooripe.1、Companionplantingreferstotheideathat．A．somecropscangrowtogethertobenefiteachotherB．somecropshavethesimilarneedsofnutrients，soilandwaterlevelC．someplantscandamageeachotherifgrowntogetherD．agoodfarmingmethodtopreventnaturaldisasters2、Accordingtothetext，cannotgrowtogether.A．beansandpotatoes B．tomatoesandwatercressC．legumesandcorns D．riceandsugarcane3、Whatisthefunctionofethylene?A．Toimprovethequalityoffruits. B．Toproduceapoisonousgas.C．Tokeepvegetablesfresh. D．Tomakefruitsripeearlier.4、Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom．A．anewspaperofmedicine B．amagazineofbiologyC．ajournalofagriculture D．atravelreport22．（8分）ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(灵长类动物).Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn’thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Friendship,likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvescompetition.Itisn’tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition---thesimultaneous(同时)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrinents,livingspace,orlight---betterexplainsit.Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin’stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andcompetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing(分类)takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexistwithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstance,competitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent’sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Ahealthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.1、Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howtowinthecompetition.B．Whatcompetitionexactlyis.C．Whattheresultofcompetitionis.D．Howfriendscompetewitheachother.2、Accordingtothewriter,whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?A．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.B．Friendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.3、Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?A．Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.B．Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.C．Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.D．Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.4、Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”?A．Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.B．Theresultofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.C．Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.D．Friendshipisnotasimportantascompetitionatschool.23．（8分）Thereareabout6，500languagesspokenthroughouttheworld，butabouthalfofthemareindangerofdisappearing.Oneoftheprimarycausesdrivinglanguagelossisthatsupportforlanguagecommunitiesdrasticallyvaries.Whilesomelanguagesarerecognizedbygovernmentsandtaughtinschools，themajoritygounrecognized，unsupported，anduntaught，leavingcommunitiesill-equippedtopasstheirlanguagesontofuturegenerations.Tsakonian，a“dialect(方言)”inGreece，hasdeclinedtothepointthatonly100speakersremain.Whenalanguagedisappears，manyotherthingscangoawayaswell.Forexample，partsofacommunity’sculture，knowledgeandidentitycanalsobelost.OneorganizationseekingtosaveworldlanguagesisWikitongues，whichwasfoundedasaschoolprojectbyDanielBogreUdellin2012，whenhebeganrecordingshortoralhistoriesinNewYorktoexplorethecity’srichculturaldiversitywiththesimpleidea:tellmeaboutyourselforyourhomeinyournativelanguage.Whenhepostedthevideosonline，thechannelquicklygotwideattention.Therearecurrentlyover400languagesanddialectsrepresentedonWikitongues’channelandmorethan1，500peoplefrom70differentcountrieshaveaddedvideostoit.Butthat’sfarfromenough.TheorganizationseekstoserveasanInternetresourcetokeepasmanylanguagesaspossiblealive.Udellbelievestheycanmakeithappen.“Therearemanyexamplesoflanguagesthatdisappearedbutlaterreturnedtouse.Hebrewwentextinctinthe4thcenturyBC，andwasrevived(恢复)inthe1800s.Nowonceagain，it'sthemothertongueofhalfoftheworld’sJewishpopulation，”saidUdell.1、WhatcanbeinferredaboutTsakonianinGreece?A．It’shardtospeakandunderstand.B．Itwilldefinitelydieoutinthefuture.C．It’snotallowedtospeakinGreece.D．Itlacksrecognitionandsupport.2、Whateffectmaybebroughtbytheextinctionoflanguages?A．Harmingfuturegenerations. B．Reducingculturaldiversity.C．Preventingdailycommunication. D．Changingschoolprojects.3、What’sthepurposeofWikitongues?A．Tosupportpeopleinsavingtheirlanguages.B．Torevivelanguagesthathavedisappeared.C．Torecordenoughshortoralhistories.D．Toexploretheworld’srichcultures.4、WhatdoesUdellwanttotellusbygivingHebrewasanexampleinthelastparagraph?A．Allextinctlanguageswillbebroughtbacktolife.B．It’spossibletopreventlanguagesfromdyingout.C．MorelanguageswillbepresentedonWikitongues’channel.D．Hebrewhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularlanguagesintheworld.24．（8分）JOHANNESBURG—Theysaycatshaveninelives.NowaChinesetoad(蟾蜍)hasjoinedthatclubofcleversurvivors.SouthAfricansareshockedattheenduranceofatoadthatgottrappedinacargoshipmentfromChinatoCapeTown,afterjumpingintoaporcelain(瓷器)candlestick（烛台）thatwasmadethere.SouthAfricanofficialsreportedlyplannedtoputdownthecreature,fearingitwouldcauseharmasaninvasivespeciesifitwereletgointhewild.Butthetoadgotalast-minutepardon.MangoAirlines,aSouthAfricanairline,transportedthetoadonFridaytoJohannesburgfordeliverytoananimalshelter,afterofficialsdecidedtofindawaytoletthetoadlive.Thetwo-hourfightwasabreezecomparedtothetripfromChina,alongwayofmanyweeksandthousandsofkilometersacrosstheIndianOcean.AirlinespokesmanHeinKaisersaidthetoadgot“first-classtreatment”,sittinginatransparentplasticcontainerwithescortBrettGlasby,ananimalwelfareinspector.Therewasevenaceremony,inwhichthetoad’sboardingpasswashandedtoGlasby.“Hewasthestaroftheshowontheflight,”Kaisersaidoftheamphibious(两栖的)passenger.“Ithinkeverypassengerstoppedtohavealook.”OnlandinginJohannesburg,thetoadwasbroughtoutofitscontainerforacelebrity-stylephotoshoot.Observerssaidthebrowntoadseemedlikeacoolcustomer.ItbelongstotheAsianToadspecies,whichbreedsduringthemonsoon(季风)season.ItisbelievedtohavesurvivedthetripfromChinabyhardeningitsskintopreventitfromdryingout,andalsobyslowingitsbreathingandheartrate—methodsthathelpthespeciessurviveintimesofdrought.“We’vehadsnakesinimportedtimberandscorpions(蝎子)infruit.Wewerecalledbecausethetoadwasrightinsidethecandlestick,andwehadtobreakittogetitout”Glasby,theinspector,toldTheStar,aSouthAfricannewspaper.1、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AnAsiantoadgetsanewhomeinSouthAfrica.B．Asiantoadscan’tgetusedtothelifeinSouthAfrica.C．WorkersshippedatoadtoSouthAfricaonpurpose.D．SouthAfricaignorestheprotectionofanimals.2、Ifthetoadisreleasedintothewild,_________.A．itwillmakethelocalsfeelshockedB．itmightharmthenativespeciesC．itwillloseitslifeinthewildD．itmightfleeintoanothercountry3、ThetoadwasabletoarriveinSouthAfricaalive_________.A．becauseitescapedallattacksandhuntsB．becauseitusedtostopitsbreathinwinterC．becauseitformedhardskintoprotectitselfD．becauseitwasluckytobegivenachance4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A．sometimesanimalaretransportedaccidentallyB．noonehasseensuchabigtoadinAfricaC．acandlestickisthebestplaceforatoadD．droughtsmaketoadslivelonger25．（10分）OnthemorningofMay20,1927,CharlesA．LindberghJr.tookofffromamuddyairfieldinNewYorkandheadedforParis.Duringthefirstfourteenhoursofflying,hehadhadsomeanxiousmoments.Sleethadgatheredonthewingsoftheplaneandthefogwassothickthathecouldhardlyseethetipsofthewings.However,hehadcomeacrossequallydangerousflyingconditionsbefore.Ofcourse,nowthathewasovertheocean,hisparachute（降落伞）wasuseless.Hehadonlyonechoice:hehadtogoon.Althoughhehadwaitedalongtimetomakethistrip,hedidnotfeelstrangeornervous.Hewasaccustomedtoflyingalone,andhehadflownthisrouteinhisimaginationmanytimes.TheideaofflyingacrosstheAtlantichadoccurredtohimonenightwhenhehadbeencarryingthemailbetweenSt.LouisandChicago.Thatnight,hetoldhimselfthatasolonon-stopflightbetweenNewYorkandPariswaspossible.Heknewthatairplanescapableofmakingthelongflightovertheoceancouldbebuilt.Amanofskillandendurancecouldmakehisdreamcometrue.Ashewasrecallingthatnight,hereducedthealtitudeoftheplane.Closetothesurfaceoftheocean,hefoundthattheiceonthewingsbegantomeltandthefogdisappeared.Forthetimebeing,atleast,hewassafe.Thesteadysoundofthemotorseemedlikemusicinhisears.Hehadperfectconfidenceinhisplanebecauseheknewthattherewasnotamoredependableplanethanhis.TheRyanAircraftCompanyhadconstructedtheplanetomeethisspecialneeds.Hehadworkedwiththechiefengineerofthecompany,DonaldHall,toproducetheairplaneasrapidlyaspossible.AlthoughHallhadworkedwiththebasicdesignoftheRyanairplane,hehadhadtomakemanymodifications.Asaresult,itwasaveryspecialairplane.Hehadnamedit“TheSpiritofSt.Louis,”inhonouroftheSt.Louisbusinessmenwhosefinancialbackinghadmadethetrippossible.Besidestheirmoney,hehadinvestedallofhisownsavings,whichcametotwothousanddollars,intheventure.At12:10ontheafternoonofMay21,LindberghcaughtsightofthecoastofIreland.Nowthattheflightwasalmostover,hebegantorelaxalittle.Finally,afterthirty-fourhoursintheairwithoutsleep,hearrivedatLeBourgetField,inParis.1、AccordingtoParagraph2,LindberghJr.didn’tfeelnervousabouttheflightbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat_________.A．hewasusedtoflyingaloneB．hehadwaitedalongtimeforthetripC．hehadimaginedflyingtheroutemanytimesD．hisplanewasspeciallydesigned2、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Thepilotlistenedtomusicashereducedthealtitudeoftheplane.B．Thetripwasmadepossiblethankstothefinancialsupportfromsomebusinessmen.C．Theplanegotitsnameinmemoryofanon-stoptrip.D．Thechiefengineerdesignedtheairplaneindependentlytomeetthepilot’sneeds.3、WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A．beautifuldecorationsB．regularrepairsC．smallchangesD．carefularrangements4、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?A．WingsAcrosstheAtlanticB．ASoloNon-stopFlightof24HoursC．TheSpiritofSt.LouisD．AnOutstandingPilot—CharlesA．LindberghJr.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）AfterAida’sparentsfledwar-tornBosniaforSwedenintheearly1990s,theyputtheirfive-year-olddaughterinaschoolfullofnativeSwedesandmadesureshestudiedhardtogetahead.It1.TodaysheisSweden’sministerforuppersecondaryeducation.LikeherfellowacrossEurope,shefacesanew2-makingsurethatafreshwaveofrefugeechildrencanintegrate(融入)assuccessfullyasshedid.Inthecountriesacceptingthemostrefugees-SwedenandGermany-lackof3isnotaproblem.Beforethemigrantpoured,bothcountriesfaced4numbersofpupilsbecauseoflowbirthrates.Thebiggestproblemfortheeducation5isthatrefugeechildrentendtobeconcentratedtogether.Many6schoolsnearrefugeecentersorinimmigrantneighborhoods.Thismeanstheyarepartiallyseparatedandless7tolearnthelocallanguage.Moreover,immigrants8findhousinginpoorareaswithlowereducationstandard.Schoolswheremorethanaquarterofstudentsareimmigrantsusually9worsethanthosewithnoimmigrants.From2002to2012Sweden’s10intheOECD’sProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)fellmorethan11country’s.TheGermansystemhasits12.InsomeGermanstates,schooldaysarebeing13,andthe14hasmadeabiginvestmentinpreschooleducation.InSweden,meanwhileolderrefugeesarebeingtrainedasteaching15tospeedintegration.Butfarmorecouldbedone.Mostimportantly,Europeangovernmentsneedtotreatrefugeechildrenasan16ratherthanaproblem.17byadesperatedesireforabetterlife,theyandtheirparentstendtobehard-workingand18.Europeanswhoworriedaboutmigrantsstudyingtogether19theirchildrenshouldlake20becauseabouthalfoftherefugees(难民)reachingEuropefromSyriahaveuniversitydegrees,accordingtoUNHCR.1、A．studiedB．workedC．failedD．embarrassed2、A．programB．choiceC．challengeD．success3、A．spaceB．purposeC．knowledgeD．money4、A．decliningB．increasingC．spreadingD．raising5、A．contentB．processC．principleD．system6、A．joinB．joininC．attendD．takepartin7、A．possiblyB．likelyC．entirelyD．generally8、A．intendtoB．trendC．devotetoD．tendto9、A．applyB．equipC．performD．make10、A．rankB．rangeC．viewD．goal11、A．oneanotherB．theotherC．eachotherD．anyother12、A．rightB．strengthC．weaknessD．pride13、A．shortenedB．loosenedC．enlargedD．extended14、A．governmentB．schoolC．committeeD．university15、A．managersB．operatorsC．assistantsD．secretaries16、A．opportunityB．wonderC．newsD．complaint17、A．StrickenB．GuidedC．DrivenD．Confused18、A．curiousB．ambitiousC．anxiousD．eager19、A．againstB．withC．orD．in20、A．hopeB．convenienceC．respectD．comfort第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsineveryone’slife.1．isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinitionoffriendship.Atruefriendistheperson2．cansharealloursorrowsanddoubleallourjoys.Intimeoftrial(尝试),heorsheisalwaysatoursidetogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghow3．(value)friendshipis,weshouldbeverycarefulwithourchoiceofafriend.Weshouldchoosethosepeoplewithagoodcharacterasourfriends,butwemusttrytoavoid4．(make)friendswithabadman.Besides,weshouldforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpthemasmuchaspossible.Atruefriendcan5．(trust),lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellafriendyoursecrets,heorshewon’ttell6．.Friendssharetheirhappinessand7．(sad).Theyhelpeachotherwhentheyare8．trouble,andcheereachotherupwhentheyaresad.9．mostimportantthingisthatafriendalwaysunderstandsyou.Inconclusion,10．youhavemadeagoodfriend,don’tforgethimorher.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。I’mwritingtocomplainaboutthequa