2024年湖南省长沙市中考英语适应性试卷（四）

第1页（共1页）2024年湖南省长沙市中考英语适应性试卷（四）一、听力第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．（1分）Howistheweathernow？A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.2．（1分）Whoseshirtmightbeyellow？A.John's.B.Bill's.C.David's.3．（1分）WhatdoesPeterlooklike？A.He'sshort.B.Hehaslonghair.C.He'sofmediumheight.4．（1分）Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopay？A.7yuan.B.16yuan.C.83yuan.5．（1分）WhatdoesAnnewanttobewhenshegrowsup？A.Adoctor.B.Asinger.C.Ateacher.第二节听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6．（2分）（1）Whenisthegirl'sbirthdayparty？A.OnMay16th.B.OnMay27th.C.OnMarch27th.（2）Whycan'tTankcometotheparty？A.Becausehehasapaintinglesson.B.Becausehehastodohishomework.C.Becausehehastolookafterhissister.7．（2分）（1）WhereistheScienceMuseum？A.Besideabank.B.Behindapostoffice.C.Infrontofapostoffice.（2）HowwillthewomangototheScienceMuseum？A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.8．（2分）（1）WhereisDavegoingthisweekendwithhisfriends？A.Tothezoo.B.Tothebeach.C.Tothemountains.（2）Whendotheyplantoleave？A.OnFridaynight.B.OnSaturdaymorning.C.OnSaturdayafternoon.9．（3分）（1）WhereareBillandSallytalking？A.OnQQ.B.OnWeChat.C.Onthephone.（2）WhatisBilldoingnow？AWatchingTV.B.Havingdinner.C.Doinghishomework.（3）Whattimedotheywanttomeet？A.At5：00.B.At5：15.C.At5：50.10．（3分）（1）Howoftendoesthe9﹣year﹣oldboydosports？A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Fivetimesaweek.（2）HowlongdoesDaleplayping﹣pongeveryday？A.30minutes.B.45minutes.C.60minutes.（3）WhereareRoseandDalegoingtoplayping﹣pongtoday？A.InDale'shouse.B.Atthesportscenter.C.Ontheschoolplayground.11．（3分）（1）Whichmountainisfamousforsunrise？A.MountTai.B.MountE'mei.C.MountHua.（2）WhatarethebirthplacesofChineseculture？A.Tworivers.B.Twocities.C.Twomountains.（3）WheredidthestoryaboutXuXianandWhiteSnakehappen？A.OnTaihuLakeinSuzhou.B.OnHongzehuLakeinHuai'an.C.OntheWestLakeinHangzhou.二、阅读阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。12．（6分）YardSaleCometoHanMei'syard.Youcangetsomeoldbooksandtoys.Theyareatagoodprice.Time：3p.m.to5p.m.onSaturday&SundayBeijingOperaSilangVisitsHisMotherwillbeoninSunshineMovieTheaterat3p.m.thisSaturday.Ticket：50yuan（Halfpriceforpeopleover60）______Tohelppeoplekeephealthy，therewillbeafreetalkinthePeople'sHall.Time：9：30a.m.to11：00a.m.，SundaySpeaker：Mr.Hunt，adoctorfromBeijingCake﹣makingCompetitionWelcometoourDIYHouse!Thecompetitionisforchildrenaged10to12.Time：3p.m.，Saturday，July30，2023Fee：30yuan，includingthematerials（材料）Prize：TwomovieticketsforPursuitofLight（1）WhatdoYardSaleandBeijingOperahaveincommon？A.Theyareat，HanMei'syardB.Theysellthingsatgoodprices.C.Theystartat3：00p.m.onSaturday.（2）Whichofthefollowingshouldbeputin______？A.FreeTalkB.StoryTimeC.EnglishCorner（3）WhocanjoininCake﹣makingCompetition？A.4﹣year﹣oldJack.B.8﹣year﹣oldBob.C.12﹣year﹣oldGina.13．（8分）IgavetheyoungmanIhadrescued（救）breadandwater.Hewastiredoutandfellquicklyasleep.Iguessedhisageataroundtwenty﹣six.Hewastallandstrongandlookedkind，especiallywhenhesmiled.Hesleptonlyaboutahalf.Againhemadegestures（手势）toshowthathewasgratefultome.Wecommunicatedbygesturesatfirst.SoonheshowedhimselfmuchbetteratlearningmylanguagethanIwasatlearninghis.ItoldhimI'mRobinson.IcalledhimFriday，foritwasonaFridaythatIrescuedhim.Hequicklylearned"yes"and"no"andthenamesofmanythings.Atfirst，Ididn'tcompletelytrustFridayandhewasseparatedfrommeinanotherroom.ButsoonIfounditunnecessary.Nobodywouldbemoreloyal（忠诚的）thanFriday.Heseemedalmosttoconsidermelikeafather.Fridaywasalsowillingtohelpinanyway.Forthenextthreeyears，ItaughtFridaytouseallmytools.ItookhimtoseeeverythingIhadmade.Fridaywasquicktohelpwiththeworkontheisland.Oneday，IshowedFridaytheruins（残骸）ofthewreck（沉船）.IexplainedthatIhadcomeupontheislandthesameway.ThatwaswhenFridaytoldmethemostamazingthing.Hehadseensuchawreckbefore，notfarfromhishome."Werescuethewhitemenfromdrowning."hesaid.Iaskedhimhowmanymentheyhadrescued，andheshowedmeonhisfingers—seventeen.IwassurprisedattheideaofagroupofEuropeanssoclose.ItookFridaytothehighestpointoftheislandwhereotherlandscouldbeseen.Hebeganjumpinganddancing.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grateful"meaninParagraph2？A.友好的B感激的C.意外的（2）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3？A.Fridaydidn'titcareaboutlearninganylanguages.B..Fridaycouldn'tcommunicatewithRobinsonatall.C.FridaylearnedsomewordsfromRobinsonquickly.（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscandescribeFridayovertime？A.Tired→Thankful→Helpful→JoyfulB.Thankful→Helpful→Tired→JoyfulC.Joyful→Thankful→Helpful→Tired（4）Whichbookisthepassageprobablytakenfrom？A.TomSawyerB.TreasureIslandC.RobinsonCrouse14．（8分）InJapanandtheworld，foodwasteisabigproblem.In2019，Japanproduced5.7milliontonsoffoodwaste.Thegovernmentisworkingonreducingthisto2.7millionby2030.Now，UniversityofTokyoresearchersinJapanhavecreatedanewtechnologythatusesfoodwasteinasurprisingway.StudentKotaMachidaandProfessorYuyaSakaisaytheoperationcanturnfoodwasteintoastrongmateriallikecement（水泥）Iheysayitistourtimesstiongc*thanregularconcrete（普通混凝土）andisenvironmental﹣friendly.Andyoucaneatit.Throughaprocessofdrying，crushing（捣碎），andcompressing（压缩）thefoodwaste，SakaiandhisstudentMachidahadsuccessfullymadecementfromfoodwastewithoutplastic."Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferenttemperaturesandpressurelevels，"Sakaisaid.Theteamhaveuseddifferenttypesoffoodwastetomakethecement，includingtealeaves，orangepeens，coffeegrounas，andleftover（剩下的）lunchmaterials.They'veadjusted（调整）flavors（香味）withdifferentspices（香料）andfoundthecolors，smellandtasteofthecementcanbequiteattractive.MachidaandhistwofriendshavecreatedacompanycalledFabula，Inc.Theyareworkingwithothercompaniestousethematerialtomakeproductsforthehome."Ifthiscementcouldreplaceplasticandcementproducts，itmayhelpslowglobalwarming（全球变暖）linkedto（与……有关联）foodwaste，"saidMachida.（1）Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetworesearchers？A.Workmates.B.Classmates.C.Aprofessorandastudent.（2）WhichquestionisansweredinParagraph3？A.Howwasthecementmadefromfoodwaste？B.Whydidtheresearchersmakecementfromthefoodwaste？C.Whataretheadvantagesofcementmadefromfoodwaste：（3）HowmanytypesoffoodwastearementionedinParagraph4？A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.（4）Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage？A.Totellpeopletostopwastingfood.B.Toadvisepeopletotryusingthenewmaterial.C.Tointroduceanewwaytosolveenvironmentalproblems.阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。15．（8分）Watchingwildanimalsmakesuspleased，cheersusup，andsometimesevenmakesusfrightened（害怕的）.（1）Wildgeese，forexample，teachaverygoodlessonaboutteamwork.Infall，Canada'swildgeeseflysouthtogetawayfromCanada'scoldwinterweather.Theyliftoffinnoorder.Yetveryquicklytheyforma"V"shape，withonebirdleadingtheflock（鸟群）.Scientistshavediscoveredthatwildgeeseflyingina"V"shapecanhelpthemtosaveenergy.Inthisway，theycanfly70percentfartherwithoutrestthanthoseflyingalone.Whatcanhumanslearnfromthis？（2）Wehavefoundthatwildgeesemakesoundinflighttoencouragethosethathavefallenbehindtokeepupwiththespeed.Teammembersshouldcommunicatewitheachotherwhileworkingtowardsacommongoal.Taketurns.Thewildgooseoutinfronthasthehardestjobasithastobreakuptheaircurrents（气流）.Whenitgetstired，itmovesbehind，andanothergoosemovestothefront.Bysharingtherole，theflockcantravelveryfar.Teamscangetadvantagesfromthesameidea.（3）Setagoodexample.Whenwildgeeseareontheground，ifsomethingfrightenstheleader，itmightflyoff.Sodoestheflock.Butiftheleaderstayscalm，theflockwilldothesame.Wildgeeseandpeopleusuallylearnfromtheirleaders.Whenleading，wemustrememberthatouractionsandfeelingswillbepassedontoourfollowers.Whetheritisinourpersonallivesorourwork，weneedotherpeople.（4）Ifwefacethedifficultiesalone，therisksaregreater.Likewildgeese，whenweworktogether，ourburdens（负担）arelighter.A.Beanencourager.B.Weareencouragedbytheirenergy.C.Butdoyouknowtheycanteachus？.D.Itisnotdifficultforthewillagoosetoleadinfront.E.Basedontheirexperienceandskills，peoplecantaketurns'sharingtheleadershiprole.三、语言运用阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。16．（15分）Nowadays，itseemsthatpeoplealllivealifeoffulfilment（满足）.Butinfact，therearealsoagroupofpeoplewhoarehomeless，eveninGermany.Howmanyofuswould（1）toseepeoplelivingonthestreetsofawealthy，developedcountrylikeGermany？KurtMullerandhiswifeRitahavespenteleven（2）makingmealsforthehomelessofBerlin，Germany'scapital.TheyfirstbegantodothatinahotsummerwhenmostGermanswereawayandenjoyedthemselvesonholiday.Kurtandhiswifestayedathome，madesandwichesandsomedeliciousfoodbythemselves，（3）atableinthestreetandgavethefoodtothehomeless.TheMullerssoonrealizedthatfoodwasn'tenough.Mostofthehomelesspeopleare（4）.Theyhavenofriendsorrelatives."Whatthesepeoplealsoneediswarmthandcaring，"saysRita.TheMullersgavetheirphonenumbertothestreetpeoplewithoutthinkingandtoldthemtophoneanytime.Ritamadesuretherewassomebodyathometoanswerthe（5）andtheirhomewasalways（6）toanyonewhocouldn'tfaceanothernightonthestreet.Thecoupleweresoon（7）alltheirtimeandmoney，soKurtvisitedfoodandclothingcompaniestoaskfordonations（捐赠）.Today，overthirtycompaniesdonatefoodandothergoodsandvolunteershelptogivethemawaytothehomeless.Thepublicalsogiveclothesandmoneyandabackpackproducerdonatesnewbackpacks.KurtandRitaputtheirlovetogoodusebyhelpinghomelesspeopleinBerlin.They（8）receivedanypaymentfortheirhardwork."Wefeellike（9），saysRita，"andparentsshouldn'texpectmoneyforhelpingtheirchildren.Thelovethatwegetonthestreetsisoursalary."（10）Ritasayssheoftengetstired，shefeelsgoodabouthelpingotherpeople.Theywillgoonwiththeirworkbecausetheylikethefeelingofhavingmadeadifferenceintheworld.（1）A.likeB.hopeC.expect（2）A.daysB.hoursC.years（3）A.setupB.gaveoutC.putaway（4）A.poorB.lonelyC.hungry（5）A.phoneB.letterC.question（6）A.openB.closedC.broken（7）A.savingB.wastingC.spending（8）A.neverB.oftenC.always（9）A.parentsB.childrenC.relatives（10）A.IfB.ThoughC.Because阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。17．（10分）Spaceisnolongeramysterytohuman.WehavesentpeopletotheMoonbyspaceships.Whatdoyouthinkspace（1）（city）willbelike？BuildingsThebuildingsinspacedon'tlookverydifferentfrommodernsmalltownsonEarth.Sciencefictionfilmsshowpeoplelivingintallglasstowersorlivingunderground，（2）peoplewon'twantthese.Peoplehavetriedtoputupbuildingsliketheonestheyknow，sospacetravelerswilldo（3）same.Theneedforgravity（重力）Gravitymakesnormallifepossible.Withgravity，lifeinspacecanbelikethatonEarth.Aspacecitywithgravitywouldbea（4）（good）placetolivethantheMoonorotherplanetswherethereisverylittlegravity.UsingsunlightAllplacesontheMoonhave14daysofsunlightfollowedby14daysofnight，which（5）（make）farmingimpossible.（6）aspacecity，itwouldalwayshavesunlightandthelength（长度）ofeachdaycouldbecontrolled.Abigmirrorabouttwokilometersindiameter（直径）wouldfloat（漂浮）abovethecity.Itwouldreflect（反射）sunlighttosmallermirrorsthatwoulddirectitintothecity.Theshutters（百叶窗）wouldbeused（7）（control）whensunlightwasletin.Theywouldbeclosedtocreatenight﹣time.Planningforapopulationof10，000Thepopulationofthecitycould（8）（fix）atabout10，000people.Farmerswouldbeabletoplan（9）（clear）howmuchfoodwouldbeneededforthisnumberofpeople.About44squaremetersofvegetableplantsandjustoverfivesquaremetersofgrasslandwouldbeneededforeachoneof（10）（they）.四、读写综合阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。18．（10分）LanzhoulamianisafamousChinesedish.PeopleinLanzhougenerallycallitLanzhouBeefNoodles.LanzhoulamianhaswonpraisefromChineseandeventheworld'sdinerswithitsspecialtaste，andhasalsowonthenameofChineseFirstNoodle.ThemainmakingprocessofLanzhoulamianisclearfromthewordlainitsname，whichmeans"stretch（拉伸）"inChineseThechef（厨师）cooksthedough（生面团）byrepeatedlystretchingittotheneededthicknessandshape.Lanzhoulamianalsohasalonghistory，anditissaidtodatebacktotheQingDynasty.Accordingtothelocals，thereisnoLanzhoulamianinLanzhou，andthelocalnoodledishiscalledLanzhoubeefnoodlesorLanzhoubeefnoodlesoup.IheearliestLanzhoubeefnoodleswerechangedfromtheLaoTangbeefnoodles.ThemainingredientofthisnoodlesoupisknownasLaoTang，andthenoodlesoupandbeefcookedinthissoupareverydelicious.DuringtheJiaqingperiodoftheQingDynasty，MaLiuqitookChenWeijingashisteacherinHenanProvince.HelearnedhowtomakebeefnoodlesandbroughtthemethodtoLanzhou.Afterthat，ChenHesheng，MaBaoziandothersunited（统一）thestandardofLanzhoubeefnoodleswith"firsttheclear，secondthewhite，thirdthered，fourththegreenandfifththeyellow"andcarrieditforward.Today，morethan90%ofLanzhoulamianrestaurantsthroughout（遍及）ChinaareactuallyownedbythepeoplefromHualong，QinghaiandLinxia，Gansu.Inthe1980s，thepeopleofHualongbegantoimprovethelamianbusinessthroughoutChina，finallycalledQinghailamian，butlaterreplaceditwiththeLanzhouBeefLamiansignbecauseofthegreaterfameofLanzhoubeefnoodlesoup.（1）WhyisLanzhoulamianpopularwithdinersinChinaandaroundtheworld？（2）HowcanweknowaboutLanzhoulamian'smainmakingprocess？（3）WheredidLanzhoulamianfirstcomefrom？（4）WhendidMaLiuqilearnhowtomakebeefnoodles？（5）DoyouliketraditionalChinesedishes？Ifso，pleaselistatleastone.第二节19．（15分）忘记忧伤，燃起希望；抛开惆怅，放飞理想。假如你是李华，你的好朋友David是个上进、勤奋的孩子，但最近在多个学科测试中，成绩明显下滑，自信心受挫，精.神状态不佳。请你针对他的情况，给他提出一些合理化的建议，给他加油鼓劲！要点提示：要求：（1）短文必须包含提示中的所有要点，可适当发挥；（2）词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；（3）不得出现真实的校名和人名。DearDavid，Ihearthatyouhavesometroublewithyourstudynow.NowIamwritingtooffersomeadvicetohelpyou.________Yours，LiHua

2024年湖南省长沙市中考英语适应性试卷（四）参考答案与试题解析一、听力第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．（1分）Howistheweathernow？A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.【解答】略2．（1分）Whoseshirtmightbeyellow？A.John's.B.Bill's.C.David's.【解答】略3．（1分）WhatdoesPeterlooklike？A.He'sshort.B.Hehaslonghair.C.He'sofmediumheight.【解答】略4．（1分）Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopay？A.7yuan.B.16yuan.C.83yuan.【解答】略5．（1分）WhatdoesAnnewanttobewhenshegrowsup？A.Adoctor.B.Asinger.C.Ateacher.【解答】略第二节听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6．（2分）（1）Whenisthegirl'sbirthdayparty？A.OnMay16th.B.OnMay27th.C.OnMarch27th.（2）Whycan'tTankcometotheparty？A.Becausehehasapaintinglesson.B.Becausehehastodohishomework.C.Becausehehastolookafterhissister.【解答】略7．（2分）（1）WhereistheScienceMuseum？A.Besideabank.B.Behindapostoffice.C.Infrontofapostoffice.（2）HowwillthewomangototheScienceMuseum？A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.【解答】略8．（2分）（1）WhereisDavegoingthisweekendwithhisfriends？A.Tothezoo.B.Tothebeach.C.Tothemountains.（2）Whendotheyplantoleave？A.OnFridaynight.B.OnSaturdaymorning.C.OnSaturdayafternoon.【解答】略9．（3分）（1）WhereareBillandSallytalking？A.OnQQ.B.OnWeChat.C.Onthephone.（2）WhatisBilldoingnow？AWatchingTV.B.Havingdinner.C.Doinghishomework.（3）Whattimedotheywanttomeet？A.At5：00.B.At5：15.C.At5：50.【解答】略10．（3分）（1）Howoftendoesthe9﹣year﹣oldboydosports？A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Fivetimesaweek.（2）HowlongdoesDaleplayping﹣pongeveryday？A.30minutes.B.45minutes.C.60minutes.（3）WhereareRoseandDalegoingtoplayping﹣pongtoday？A.InDale'shouse.B.Atthesportscenter.C.Ontheschoolplayground.【解答】略11．（3分）（1）Whichmountainisfamousforsunrise？A.MountTai.B.MountE'mei.C.MountHua.（2）WhatarethebirthplacesofChineseculture？A.Tworivers.B.Twocities.C.Twomountains.（3）WheredidthestoryaboutXuXianandWhiteSnakehappen？A.OnTaihuLakeinSuzhou.B.OnHongzehuLakeinHuai'an.C.OntheWestLakeinHangzhou.【解答】略二、阅读阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。12．（6分）YardSaleCometoHanMei'syard.Youcangetsomeoldbooksandtoys.Theyareatagoodprice.Time：3p.m.to5p.m.onSaturday&SundayBeijingOperaSilangVisitsHisMotherwillbeoninSunshineMovieTheaterat3p.m.thisSaturday.Ticket：50yuan（Halfpriceforpeopleover60）______Tohelppeoplekeephealthy，therewillbeafreetalkinthePeople'sHall.Time：9：30a.m.to11：00a.m.，SundaySpeaker：Mr.Hunt，adoctorfromBeijingCake﹣makingCompetitionWelcometoourDIYHouse!Thecompetitionisforchildrenaged10to12.Time：3p.m.，Saturday，July30，2023Fee：30yuan，includingthematerials（材料）Prize：TwomovieticketsforPursuitofLight（1）WhatdoYardSaleandBeijingOperahaveincommon？CA.Theyareat，HanMei'syardB.Theysellthingsatgoodprices.C.Theystartat3：00p.m.onSaturday.（2）Whichofthefollowingshouldbeputin______？AA.FreeTalkB.StoryTimeC.EnglishCorner（3）WhocanjoininCake﹣makingCompetition？CA.4﹣year﹣oldJack.B.8﹣year﹣oldBob.C.12﹣year﹣oldGina.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据表格一Time：3p.m.to5p.m.onSaturday&Sunday（时间：周六和周日下午3点至5点）和表格二SilangVisitsHisMotherwillbeoninSunshineMovieTheaterat3p.m.thisSaturday.（《四郎探母》将于本周六下午三点在阳光电影院上映。）可知都是在星期六下午三点开始。故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据表格三Tohelppeoplekeephealthy，therewillbeafreetalkinthePeople'sHall.（为了帮助人们保持健康，在人民大会堂将举行一次自由报告会。）可知结合选项，自由报告，符合。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据表格四Thecompetitionisforchildrenaged10to12.（比赛面向10至12岁的儿童。）可知12岁的吉娜。故选C。13．（8分）IgavetheyoungmanIhadrescued（救）breadandwater.Hewastiredoutandfellquicklyasleep.Iguessedhisageataroundtwenty﹣six.Hewastallandstrongandlookedkind，especiallywhenhesmiled.Hesleptonlyaboutahalf.Againhemadegestures（手势）toshowthathewasgratefultome.Wecommunicatedbygesturesatfirst.SoonheshowedhimselfmuchbetteratlearningmylanguagethanIwasatlearninghis.ItoldhimI'mRobinson.IcalledhimFriday，foritwasonaFridaythatIrescuedhim.Hequicklylearned"yes"and"no"andthenamesofmanythings.Atfirst，Ididn'tcompletelytrustFridayandhewasseparatedfrommeinanotherroom.ButsoonIfounditunnecessary.Nobodywouldbemoreloyal（忠诚的）thanFriday.Heseemedalmosttoconsidermelikeafather.Fridaywasalsowillingtohelpinanyway.Forthenextthreeyears，ItaughtFridaytouseallmytools.ItookhimtoseeeverythingIhadmade.Fridaywasquicktohelpwiththeworkontheisland.Oneday，IshowedFridaytheruins（残骸）ofthewreck（沉船）.IexplainedthatIhadcomeupontheislandthesameway.ThatwaswhenFridaytoldmethemostamazingthing.Hehadseensuchawreckbefore，notfarfromhishome."Werescuethewhitemenfromdrowning."hesaid.Iaskedhimhowmanymentheyhadrescued，andheshowedmeonhisfingers—seventeen.IwassurprisedattheideaofagroupofEuropeanssoclose.ItookFridaytothehighestpointoftheislandwhereotherlandscouldbeseen.Hebeganjumpinganddancing.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grateful"meaninParagraph2？BA.友好的B感激的C.意外的（2）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3？CA.Fridaydidn'titcareaboutlearninganylanguages.B..Fridaycouldn'tcommunicatewithRobinsonatall.C.FridaylearnedsomewordsfromRobinsonquickly.（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscandescribeFridayovertime？AA.Tired→Thankful→Helpful→JoyfulB.Thankful→Helpful→Tired→JoyfulC.Joyful→Thankful→Helpful→Tired（4）Whichbookisthepassageprobablytakenfrom？CA.TomSawyerB.TreasureIslandC.RobinsonCrouse【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段Iguessedhisageataroundtwenty﹣six.Hewastallandstrongandlookedkind，especiallywhenhesmiled.Hesleptonlyaboutahalf.Againhemadegestures（手势）toshowthathewasgratefultome.（我猜想他的年龄在26岁左右。他又高又壮，看起来很和蔼，尤其是当他微笑的时候。他只睡了大约半个小时。他再次做手势表示对我的感激。）可知，第二段中下划线的单词"grateful"的意思是：感激的。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Wecommunicatedbygesturesatfirst.SoonheshowedhimselfmuchbetteratlearningmylanguagethanIwasatlearninghis.ItoldhimI'mRobinson.IcalledhimFriday，foritwasonaFridaythatIrescuedhim.Hequicklylearned"yes"and"no"andthenamesofmanythings.（起初我们用手势交流。很快，他表现出在学习我的语言方面比我学习他的语言要好得多。我告诉他我是罗宾逊。我叫他星期五，因为我是在星期五救了他。他很快学会了"是"和"不是"以及许多事物的名称。）可知，从第三段我们能了解到：星期五很快从罗宾逊那里学到了一些单词。故选C。（3）推理判断题。根据第一段IgavetheyoungmanIhadrescued（救）breadandwater.Hewastiredoutandfellquicklyasleep.（我给了我救下的年轻人面包和水。他累坏了，很快就睡着了。）；第二段Iguessedhisageataroundtwenty﹣six.Hewastallandstrongandlookedkind，especiallywhenhesmiled.Hesleptonlyaboutahalf.Againhemadegestures（手势）toshowthathewasgratefultome.（我猜想他的年龄在26岁左右。他又高又壮，看起来很和蔼，尤其是当他微笑的时候。他只睡了大约半个小时。他再次做手势表示对我的感激。）；第四段Fridaywasalsowillingtohelpinanyway.（星期五也愿意以任何方式提供帮助。）和最后一段Iaskedhimhowmanymentheyhadrescued，andheshowedmeonhisfingers—seventeen.IwassurprisedattheideaofagroupofEuropeanssoclose.ItookFridaytothehighestpointoftheislandwhereotherlandscouldbeseen.Hebeganjumpinganddancing.（我问他他们救了多少人，他指给我看——十七个。我对一群欧洲人如此近的想法感到惊讶。我周五去了岛上的最高点，在那里可以看到其他陆地。他开始跳跃和跳舞。）可知，可以描述一段时间内的星期五的是：疲惫→感恩→乐于助人→快乐。故选A。（4）推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了鲁宾逊救助了一个年轻人，给他食物和水。这个年轻人大约26岁，高大强壮，看起来善良，尤其是他笑的时候。他们通过手势交流，年轻人学习鲁宾逊的语言比作者学习他的要快得多。鲁宾逊给他起名叫星期五，因为他是在星期五被救的。起初，鲁宾逊并不完全信任星期五，但很快就发现这没有必要，因为没有人比星期五更忠诚。星期五愿意以任何方式帮助鲁宾逊。在接下来的三年里，鲁宾逊教星期五使用所有的工具，并带他去看自己制作的一切。有一天，星期五告诉鲁宾逊一个惊人的消息：他曾经在他的家乡附近看到过一艘失事的船，他们救过十七个白人。这让鲁宾逊感到惊讶，因为有一群欧洲人离他们如此之近，可知，这篇文章可能摘自《鲁宾逊漂流记》。故选C。14．（8分）InJapanandtheworld，foodwasteisabigproblem.In2019，Japanproduced5.7milliontonsoffoodwaste.Thegovernmentisworkingonreducingthisto2.7millionby2030.Now，UniversityofTokyoresearchersinJapanhavecreatedanewtechnologythatusesfoodwasteinasurprisingway.StudentKotaMachidaandProfessorYuyaSakaisaytheoperationcanturnfoodwasteintoastrongmateriallikecement（水泥）Iheysayitistourtimesstiongc*thanregularconcrete（普通混凝土）andisenvironmental﹣friendly.Andyoucaneatit.Throughaprocessofdrying，crushing（捣碎），andcompressing（压缩）thefoodwaste，SakaiandhisstudentMachidahadsuccessfullymadecementfromfoodwastewithoutplastic."Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferenttemperaturesandpressurelevels，"Sakaisaid.Theteamhaveuseddifferenttypesoffoodwastetomakethecement，includingtealeaves，orangepeens，coffeegrounas，andleftover（剩下的）lunchmaterials.They'veadjusted（调整）flavors（香味）withdifferentspices（香料）andfoundthecolors，smellandtasteofthecementcanbequiteattractive.MachidaandhistwofriendshavecreatedacompanycalledFabula，Inc.Theyareworkingwithothercompaniestousethematerialtomakeproductsforthehome."Ifthiscementcouldreplaceplasticandcementproducts，itmayhelpslowglobalwarming（全球变暖）linkedto（与……有关联）foodwaste，"saidMachida.（1）Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetworesearchers？CA.Workmates.B.Classmates.C.Aprofessorandastudent.（2）WhichquestionisansweredinParagraph3？AA.Howwasthecementmadefromfoodwaste？B.Whydidtheresearchersmakecementfromthefoodwaste？C.Whataretheadvantagesofcementmadefromfoodwaste：（3）HowmanytypesoffoodwastearementionedinParagraph4？BA.Three.B.Four.C.Five.（4）Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage？CA.Totellpeopletostopwastingfood.B.Toadvisepeopletotryusingthenewmaterial.C.Tointroduceanewwaytosolveenvironmentalproblems.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第2段中StudentKotaMachidaandProfessorYuyaSakaisaytheoperationcanturnfoodwasteintoastrongmateriallikecementIheysayitistourtimesstiongc*thanregularconcreteandisenvironmental﹣friendly.（学生KotaMachida和教授YuyaSakai说，这种操作可以将食物垃圾变成像水泥一样的坚固材料。）可知这两位研究人员之间的关系是一个教授和一个学生，故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据第3段Throughaprocessofdrying，crushing，andcompressingthefoodwaste，SakaiandhisstudentMachidahadsuccessfullymadecementfromfoodwastewithoutplastic."Themostchallengingpartwasthateachtypeoffoodwasterequiresdifferenttemperaturesandpressurelevels，"Sakaisaid.（通过对食物垃圾进行干燥、粉碎和压缩的过程，Sakai和他的学生Machida成功地用没有塑料的食物垃圾制成了水泥。Sakai说："最具挑战性的是，每种食物垃圾都需要不同的温度和压力水平。"）可知本段回答了这些水泥是如何用食物残渣制成的，故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据第4段Theteamhaveuseddifferenttypesoffoodwastetomakethecement，includingtealeaves，orangepeens，coffeegrounas，andleftoverlunchmaterials...（该团队使用了不同类型的食物垃圾来制作水泥，包括茶叶、橘子皮、咖啡松鸡和午餐剩料……）可知第4段提到了四种食物垃圾，故选B。（4）主旨大意题。根据第2段首句Now，UniversityofTokyoresearchersinJapanhavecreatedanewtechnologythatusesfoodwasteinasurprisingway.（现在，日本东京大学的研究人员创造了一种新技术，以一种令人惊讶的方式利用食物垃圾。）以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述日本东京大学的研究人员使用特殊的技术在减少食物浪费的同时解决水泥制造行业产生严重污染的问题。因此写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种解决环境问题的新方法，故选C。阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。15．（8分）Watchingwildanimalsmakesuspleased，cheersusup，andsometimesevenmakesusfrightened（害怕的）.（1）CWildgeese，forexample，teachaverygoodlessonaboutteamwork.Infall，Canada'swildgeeseflysouthtogetawayfromCanada'scoldwinterweather.Theyliftoffinnoorder.Yetveryquicklytheyforma"V"shape，withonebirdleadingtheflock（鸟群）.Scientistshavediscoveredthatwildgeeseflyingina"V"shapecanhelpthemtosaveenergy.Inthisway，theycanfly70percentfartherwithoutrestthanthoseflyingalone.Whatcanhumanslearnfromthis？（2）AWehavefoundthatwildgeesemakesoundinflighttoencouragethosethathavefallenbehindtokeepupwiththespeed.Teammembersshouldcommunicatewitheachotherwhileworkingtowardsacommongoal.Taketurns.Thewildgooseoutinfronthasthehardestjobasithastobreakuptheaircurrents（气