高考英语完形填空专项训练高考真题30题含答案解析3

完形填空3

（2017•全国高考真题）Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenew

aspectsoflife,collegesetsthestagefbrthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis]processand

foundsomethingthathaschangedmy2atcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSign

Language（美式手语）.

Ineverfeltanurgeto3anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmy

friends.The4languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions（交往）.LittledidIknowthatIwould

discovermy5fbrASL.

The6beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub7their

translationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery8ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking_

9me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe10Thisnewnessjust

leftme11more.

Afterthat,feelingtheneedto12further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.I

onlylearnedhowto13thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy14

progress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto15thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.

Thefollowingterm,I16anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas17I

soonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.18,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave

19ustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe20wayofcommunicationitopens.

1.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

2.A.progressB.experienceNC.majorD.opinion

3.A.chooseB.readC.learnD.create

4.A.officialB.foreignC.bodyD.spoken

5.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request

6.A.meetingB.tripC.storyD.task

7.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed

8.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason

9.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted

10.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance

11.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting

12.A.exerciseB.exploreC.expressD.explain

13.A.printB.writeC.signD.count

14.A.slowB.steadyC.normalD.obvious

15.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendD.organize

16.A.missedB.passedC.gaveupD.registeredfor

17.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated

18.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However

19.A.requiredB.causedC.allowedD.expected

20.A.easyB.popularC.quickD.New

（2017•天津高考真题）AtmyheaviestIweighed370pounds.Ihadaverypoorrelationshipwith

food:Iuseditto21badfeelings,tomakemyselffeelbetter,andtocelebrate.Worriedaboutmy

health,Itriedmanydifferentkindsof22butnothingworked.IcametobelievethatIcoulddo

nothingaboutmy23

WhenIwas50,myweightproblembegantoaffectme24.1didn'twanttolivetherestofmy

lifewiththis25weightanymore.

Thatyear,I26aseminarwherewewereaskedtocreateaprojectthatwouldtouchtheworld.A

seminarleadersharedher27story-shehadnotonly125pounds,butalsoraised$25,000for

homelesschildren.28byherstory,IcreatedtheAsWeHeal（痊愈），theWorldHeals29.My

goalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,00030amovementfounded30yearsagoto

endhunger.Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworld31meastheperfect

solution.32Ibeganmyownpersonalweightprogram,IwasfilledwiththefearthatIwould33

thesamedifficultiesthatbeatmebefore.Whilethe34hungovermyhead,therewerealsosignsthat

Iwasheadeddowntheright35.1sentletterstoeveryoneIknew,tellingthemaboutmyproject.Il

workedperfectly.Donationsbegan36infromhundredsofpeople.

Ofcourse,Ialsotooksomepracticalstepstoloseweight.Iconsultedwithaphysician（内科医生），I

hiredafitnesscoach,andIbegantoeatsmalland37meals.Myfund-raisingfbcusalsogaveme

newmotivationtoexercise38.

Ayearlater,I39mygoal:Ilost150poundsandraised$50,000!1feelthatTvcbeengivena

secondlifetodevotetosomethingthatis40andenormous.

21.A.addB.mixC.killD.share

22.A.dietsB.drinksC.fruitsD.dishes

23.A.heightB.abilityC.wisdomD.weight

24.A.temporarilyB.recentlyC.seriouslyD.secretly

25.A.idealB.extraC.normalD.low

26.A.attendedB.organizedC.recommendedD.mentioned

27.A.folkB.successC.adventureD.science

28.A.SurprisedB.AmusedC.InfluencedD.Disturbed

29.A.projectB.businessC.systemD.custom

30.A.insearchofB.inneedofC.inplaceofD.insupportof

31.A.scaredB.consideredC.confusedD.struck

32.A.AsB.UntilC.IfD.Unless

33.A.getoverB.runintoC.lookforD.putaside

34.A.excitementB.joyC.angerD.fear

35.A.rowB.hallC.pathD.street

36.A.breakingB.floodingC.jumpingD.stepping

37.A.heavyB.fullC.expenseD.healthy

38.A.regularlyB.limillesslyC.suddenlyD.randomly

39.A.setB.reachedC.missedD.dropped

40.A.stressfulB.painfulC.meaningfulD.peaceful

试卷第2页，总30页

（2015•湖南高考真题）Itwasarainymorningandthechildren,mainlyboyswithvariouslearning

difficulties,refusedtosettlefbrthestartofthelesson.Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstoget

themtobe41butinvain.MypanicwasrisingandIcouldfeelmyheartbeatingwildly.Thiswasthe_

42ofmyjobasamusicteacher,Ithought-teachingwasnotforme.ThenIhadanidea.Hopingthatno

onewouldnoticethatIwas43inside,Ithrewmyvoiceasfarasitwouldreach:"Putyourheadson

thedesksandcloseyour44!Wearegoingonajourney."

45,thechildrenfellsilent."NowwhatshouldIdo?"Ithoughttomyself.Reachingovertomy

collectionofCDs,Iblindly46,putitinthemachineandplayedit.

Obediently（顺从地），myclasslaytheirheadsontheirdesk,closedtheireyesand47.Whenthe

musicstarted,theroomasfilledwiththemostbeautifultonesandmusicalcolorsIcouldhaveeverimagined.

AHthechildrenwere48.Whenthemusicfinished,Iaskedthemalltoraisetheir49slowly

sothatwecouldshareourmusicaljourney.

Atthispoint,whenallthechildrenwerewillingtosharetheirexperiences,Ibegantolearnhowto___

50.Themusicallowmetolearnthatteachingisaboutsharingandrespect,tearsandsmiles,the

knowingandthe51andmostofall,anunderstandingofeachother.Thiswasthepowerthat52

intheclassroomcouldhave.

41.A.gladB.safeC.kindD.quiet

42.A.endB.aimC.ruleD.plan

43.A.guessingB.shakingC.respondingD.laughing

44.A.eyesB.mouthsC.booksD.doors

45.A.PunctuallyB.ImportantlyC.AmazinglyD.Obviously

46.A.passedoneonB.gaveonebackC.turnedoneinD.tookoneout

47.A.sleptB.noddedC.waitedD.continued

48.A.talkingB.singingC.dancingD.listening

49.A.legsB.headsC.armsD.shoulders

50.A.teachB.imagineC.playD.understand

51.A.unpreparedB.unspokenC.unknownD.unforgotten

52.A.gamesB.musicC.tearsD.knowledge

（2015•全国高考真题）Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?

School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall53placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthe

learningyoureallywant54somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe55ofseeingthisfirsthand

ona56

Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso57a

tournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome58experiences

onSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams59trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her60

didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I61seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,62

stilldefeated.

Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe63betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey64

fortheirSundaygame,theywere65different.Theyhadbeguntointegrate（融合）thekindsofplay

andteamworktheyhad66thedaybeforeintotheir67Theyplayedaggressivelyand___

68scoredagoal.

It69methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat70momentforallthegirlson

theteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.71isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe—

72whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausethey

hadtoworkthemoutontheirown.

53.A.publicB.traditionalC.officialD.special

54.A.passesB.worksC.liesD.ends

55.A.dreamB.ideaC.habitD.chance

56.A.tripB.holidayC.weekendD.square

57.A.wonB.enteredC.organizedD.watched

58.A.painfulB.strangeC.commonD.practical

59.A.lessB.poorlyC.newlyD.better

60.A.fansB.tutorsC.classD.team

61.A.imaginedB.hatedC.avoidedD.missed

62.A.ifB.orC.butD.as

63.A.girlsB.parentsC.coachesD.viewers

64.A.dressedB.showedupC.madeupD.planned

65.A.slightlyB.hardlyC.basicallyD.completely

66.A.seenB.knownC.heardD.read

67.A.stylesB.trainingC.gameD.rules

68.A.evenB.stillC.seldomD.again

69.A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned

70.A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning

71.A.ExperienceB.IndependenceC.CuriosityD.Interest

72.A.harmfultoB.mixedwithC.differentfromD.appliedto

试卷第4页，总30页

（2016•全国高考真题）Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittle

device（装置）onyourdesk.Andthey'veneveractually73you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou_

74throughthisdevice,sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.75theyfeeltheycanknow

you76fromthesoundofyourvoice.That'showpowerfulthe77is.

Powerful,yes,butnotalways78.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani,my

facelessagentwhomI'dnevermet79,gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.But

hercoldvoicereally80me.Isometimeswishedto81anotheragent.

Onemorning,Ihadto82animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani's

office83.Thewomansittingatthedesk,84mymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.She

gavemea85smile,noddedwhilelisteningpatiently,andthenprintedoutthe86

immediately."Whatawonderfullady!"Ithought.

Rushingout87Icalledoutovermyshoulder,"Bytheway,whafsyourname?""I'm

Rani,"shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa88womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingto

wishmeasafetrip.Iwas89!WhyhadIthoughtshewascold?Raniwas,wellso90.

Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani's91—herwarmsmile,

hernods,herTmherefbryou'92-wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn'ttravelthroughwires.

73.A.acceptedB.noticedC.heardD.met

74.A.cameB.movedC.ranD.developed

75.A.ThusB.YetC.ThenD.Indeed

76.A.ratherB.alsoC.justD.already

77.A.telephoneB.voiceC.connectionD.impression

78.A.directB.usefulC.easyD.accurate

79.A.inpersonB.bymyselfC.inpublicD.onpurpose

80.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused

81.A.promoteB.trainC.findD.know

82.A.arrangeB.postponeC.confirmD.book

83.A.forthefirsttimeB.atanytimeC.fromtimetotimeD.ingoodtime

84.A.expectingB.seeingC.testingD.avoiding

85.A.shyB.comfortingC.familiarD.forced

86.A.billB.formC.ticketD.list

87.A.hopefullyB.disappointedlyC.gratefullyD.regretfully

88.A.carefulB.seriousC.nervousD.pleasant

89.A.amusedB.worriedC.helplessD.speechless

90.A.calmB.niceC.proudD.clever

91.A.forgivenessB.eagernessC.friendlinessD.skillfulness

92.A.explanationB.attitudeC.conceptD.Behavior

（2016•全国高考真题）WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootball

team.Thatmeant93MillerKing,whowasthebest94atourschool.

FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootball

everywherefor95.

JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecame

backfrom96.Helookedvery97,buthedidn'tcry.

Thatseason,I98allofMiller'srecordswhilehe99thehomegamesfromthebench.

Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,100IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwasto

blamefbrMiller's101.

Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller102goingovera

fence-whichwasn't103toclimbifyouhadbotharms.TmsureIwasthelastpersonintheworld

hewantedtoaccept]Q4from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I105himmoveslowly

overthefence.Whenwewerefinally106ontheotherside,hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididn'ttell

youthisduringtheseason,butyoudid107.Thankyouforfillinginfor108

Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad109.1thoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewas

moreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas110aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave111

him.Fromthatdayon,Igrew112_andalittlemorereal.

93.A.cheeringforB.beatingoutC.relyingonD.stayingwith

94.A.coachB.studentC.teacherD.player

95.A.practiceB.showC.comfortD.pleasure

96.A.schoolB.vacationC.hospitalD.training

97.A.paleB.calmC.relaxedD.ashamed

98.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried

99.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched

100.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus

101.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice

102.A.stuckB.hurtC.tiredD.lost

103.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit

104.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology

105.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed

106.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe

107.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally

108.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them

109.A.memoriesB.ideasC.attitudesD.dreams

110.A.stillB.alsoC.yetD.just

111.A.challengedB.curedC.invitedD.admired

112.A.healthierB.biggerC.clevererD.cooler

试卷第6页，总30页

（2015•浙江高考真题）SincefinishingmystudiesatHarvardandOxford,Tvewatchedonefriend

afteranotherlandhigh-ranking,high-payingWallStreetjobs.Asexecutives（高级管于甲人员）withbanks,

consultingfirms,establishedlawfirms,andmajorcorporations,manyarenow113ontheirwayto

impressivecareers.Bysociety's114、theyseemtohaveitmade.

Onthesurface,thesepeopleseemtobeveryluckyinlife.Astheyleftstudentlifebehind,manyhada

115drinkattheircheapbutfriendlylocalbar,shookhandswithlongtimeroommates,and116

outofsmallapartmentsintohighbuildings.Theymadereservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottle

ofwine117acollegeyear'smonthlyrent.Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenew

sportscars.

Thethingis,anumberofthemhave118thatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren'thappy.Some__

119ofunfriendlycoworkersandfeelsadforeight-hourworkweeksdevotedtotasksthey120.

Somedonotrespectthecompaniestheyworkforandtalkoffeelingtiredand⑵.However,instead

ofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupportthe122towhichthey

havesoquicklybecome123.

Peopleoftenspeakoftryingamoresatisfyingpath,and124intheendtheideaofleavingtheir

jobstoworkforsomethingthey125orfindingapositionthatwouldgivethemmoretimewiththeir

familiesalmostalwaysleadsthemtothesameconclusion:ifs126.Theyhaveloans,bills,a

mortgage（抵押贷款）to127,retirementtosavefor.Theyrecognizethere'ssomething128

intheirlives,butit's129tostepoffthetrack.

Inasocietythattendsto130everythingintermsofdollarsandcents,welearnfromayoung

agetoconsiderthecostsofour131infinancialterms.Butwhataboutthepersonalandsocialcosts

132inpursuingmoneyovermeaning?Theseareexactlythekindsofcostsmanyofustendtoignore一

andtheveryonesweneedtoconsidermost.

113.A.muchB.neverC.seldomD.well

114.A.policiesB.standardsC.experimentsD.regulations

115.A.lastB.leastC.secondD.best

116.A.cycledB.movedC.slidD.looked

117.A.sharedB.paidC.equaledD.collected

118.A.advertisedB.witnessedC.admittedD.demanded

119.A.complainB.dreamC.hearD.approve

120.A.distributeB.hateC.applaudD.neglect

121.A.calmB.guiltyC.warmD.empty

122.A.familyB.governmentC.lifestyleD.project

123.A.accustomedB.appointedC.uniqueD.available

124.A.yetB.alsoC.insteadD.rather

125.A.letoutB.turninC.giveupD.believein

126.A.fundamentalB.practicalC.impossibleD.unforgettable

127.A.takeoffB.dropoffC.puloffD.payoff

128.A.missingB.inspiringC.sinkingD.shining

129.A.harmfulB.hardC.usefulD.normal

130.A.measureB.sufferC.digestD.deliver

131.A.disastersB.motivationsC.campaignsD.decisions

132.A.assessedB.involvedC.coveredD.reduced

（2（）13•湖北高考真题）Zigfried.alittlemouse,blewhisbreathonthefrostywindowofthefarmhouseand

rubbedittoseetheoutside.Stillnobodycame.Maybetoday,hethought133Itwasonlyafewdays

beforeChristmasandhewaswatchingforamiracle（奇迹）.

Thisfarmhousehadbeen134toolong.Itneededafamily.Zigfried's135madeanoise.He

realizedthathehadn'teatenanythingsinceyesterday.Hejumpedfromthewindowsill（窗沿）,grabbeda_

136fromhishome,andwentnextdoortoFannerMike's.

FarmerMike'shousehadbeenagreatplaceforthelittlemouse137thefarmermarriedawifewho

hadacat.Zigfried138whenhethoughtofit.Helookedaroundcautiouslyashe139into

theroomwheregrainwasstoredandwasquite140ashefilledhisbagwithwheat.Hewasturning

toleavewhensuddenlyhe141,andwithoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckily142the

cat'spaws（爪子）.

ThenextafternoonZigfriedheardsomegoodnews:a143familywouldbemovingintothe

farmhousesoon.Zigfried,sgrannywouldarriveonChristmasEveto]44withhim.Hehopedthat

thefamilywouldcomebeforehisgrannycame.Beforelong,acarcame145theroadleadingtothe

house,withbuttersandwiches,cheeseandchocolate.

Zigfried'sChristmasmiracledidarrive!

Thehousecame146thenextfewdays.Zigfried147everysinglehourofthem.__

148thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewitha149smileatthedoor

ofhishome,heheardthe150ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.

What?Acat?The151frozeonhisface；hismouthfellwideopen.Afteralongwhile,heatlast

foundhisvoice:4tHey!WhoseChristmasmiracleisthis?"

133.A.carefullyB.excitedlyC.hopefullyD.proudly

134.A.shabbyB.noisyC.messyD.empty

135.A.mouthB.noseC.stomachD.throat

136.A.bagB.stickC.bowlD.coat

137.A.althoughB.untilC.whereasD.unless

138.A.leaptB.sniffedC.trembledD.withdrew

139.A.brokeB.marchedC.pacedD.stole

140.A.curiousB.nervousC.pitifulD.sensible

141.A.tookB.releasedC.feltD.drew

142.A.stronglyB.irregularlyC.slowlyD.wildly

143.A.escapedB.seizedC.rubbedD.scratched

144.A.closeB.happyC.newD.young

145.A.celebrateB.communicateC.competeD.compromise

146.A.acrossB.fromC.offD.up

147.A.aliveB.looseC.openD.still

148.A.countedB.enjoyedC.missedD.wasted

149.A.HoweverB.InsteadC.MoreoverD.Therefore

150.A.bitterB.forcedC.politeD.satisfied

151.A.introductionB.discussionC.commentD.debate

152.A.bloodB.smileC.tearD.sweat

试卷第8页，总30页

（2007•安徽高考真题）完形填空（共20小题；

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该将涂黑。

Itwasthenightofthefullmoon,atimewhichalwaysdrivesJava'syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.

Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon153Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout154thewarm

nighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof155fireworkslying

ontheground.Littleboys156moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited157fortheexplosions.

Themoonappearedabovethehorizon（地平线）：huge,158ballhighabovethecity,andthe159

filledwithpeople,asJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear'sgreatest160：'theNightoftheFullMoon',a

festival（节日）thatisespeciallypopular161youngpeople.

MoreandmoreyoungJavanese162togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe163Joking

andchatting,theymovedtowardsthemountain164thecity.Theycontinuedtoc1imb165they

reachedtheoldtemple（寺庙）atthe166ofthemountain.

Aftertheywere167thetemple,theydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes-delicious

home-madeones,168ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outside,onthemountain,youngpeople169

cross-leggedincircles,chattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And170,intheirhundreds,moreyoung

peoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto171thebrightlyshiningmoon.

Bymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe172cityinthevalleybelowthem.

Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.

153.A.letoutB.gaveoutC.cameoutD.setout

154.A.intoB.atC.ofD.from

155.A.burningB.usedC.explodingD.broken

156.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed

157.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly

158.A.silverB.newC.colorfulD.gold

159.A.mountainsB.valleysc.streetsD.shops

160.A.gamesB.meetingsc.sportsD.events

161.A.forB.toc.withD.in

162.A.dancedB.gatheredc.drankD.shouted

163.A.villageB.scenec.nightD.ground

164.A.ontheedgeofB.onthewaytoC.inthecenterofD.inthedirectionof

165.A.whileB.untilC.unlessD.though

166.A.tipB.backc.topD.bottom

167.A.insideB.nearc.offD.across

168.A.fondB.littlec.fullD.free

169.A.jumpedB.satc.stoodD.bent

170.A.soB.evenc.yetD.still

171.A.followB.showc.noticeD.admire

172.A.cleanB.grayc.peacefulD.empty

（2016•浙江高考真题）阅读下而短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填

入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

WhenmysonGenewasabout12yearsold.Istartedhelpinghimlearnto173.1boughttwenty

chickensandaskedhimto174them.Itoldhimthattheywouldbehisownchickensandwewould_

175theeggsfromhim.However,hewouldhavetobuychicken176withthemoneyhemade

fromtheeggs.Whatevermoneywas177wouldbehistokeep.Genewas178.thinkinghe

wouldmakehisfirst179.

Afterseveralweeks*successfulwork,Ibeganto180thateggproductionwasgoingdown,I___

181nothingaboutit.Thenonenight,Genetoldmehedidn'thave182moneytobuythe

feed.Hesaidthechickenshadnever183amealandhecouldnotfigureoutwhysomeofthemhad

stopped184eggs.

ThenIaskedhimifhehad185the