2023-2024学年山东省淄博市高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省淄博市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthewomangototheparty?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.2.Whenwillthespeakersprobablygettothezoo?A.Around7:00.B.Around8:00.C.Around9:00.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Seeamovie.B.Gotosleep.C.Haveadrink.4.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayforexchanging$3000?A.$10.B.$15.C.$30.5.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Hehaslosthiscar.B.Heisunabletopark.C.Heislockedoutofhiscar.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Wheretoputthingsinthehouse.B.Whentomovetoanewhouse.C.Howtodecoratethehouse.7.Whatwillthemangivehisparents?A.AclockB.Abookcase.C.Awoodenchair.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?A.Shewateredtheplants.B.Shepackedhersuitcase.C.Shecleanedherhouse.9.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Togiveadvice.B.Toaskforhelp.C.Tomakeanappointment.10.Whywillthemanmakeatripnextweek?A.Forvacation.B.Forstudy.C.Forwork.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdayisthewoman’sbusiestdayoftheweek?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.12.Whatdoesthewomanliketodowhenlisteningtothelectures?A.Recordthelectures.B.Takenotes.C.Readbooks.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofskimmingabook?A.Important.B.Time-saving.C.Difficult.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whichclasshasnoplacenow?A.Ballet.B.Yoga.C.Swimming.15.Whenwillthewomangotofitnessclassesifshejoins?A.OnWednesdays.B.OnFridays.C.OnSundays.16.Whydoesthemanadvisethewomantoregisteronline?A.Thecomputerdoesn’twork.B.Thepriceislower.C.It’sconvenient.17.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Bycreditcard.B.Byphone.C.Incash.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdidthespeakerstudyatuniversity?A.Computing.B.Cartoondesign.C.Art.19.Whatisthespeakerdoingnowtoimproveherwork?A.Collectingstories.B.Learningacting.C.Doingawritingcourse.20.Howlongdoesittakethespeaker’scompanytomakeafull-lengthfilm?A.Eightmonths.B.Sixteenmonths.C.Twoyears.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ARegistrationforourwinteronlinecontesttrainingclassesisopen!Weoffer3coursesforcombinedlevels1-2,3-4,5-6and7-8.CourseStreamsContestCoursesaredesignedtocovercontestquestionsandproblemsolvingstrategiesthatstudentsmaycomeacross.Instructionwillfocusonthefundamentalsofproblemsolvinginfunandage-appropriateways,aswellasimprovingtheirskillsinquicklyjudginghowtosolveaproblembyrecognizingitstype.EnrichmentCoursesaredesignedforstudentswhoarecomfortableinmathconceptsattheirgradelevelandarelookingforgreaterchallengesandnewwaystostimulatetheirinterestinmath.CodingCoursesfocusonexploringtherelationshipamongmath,algorithms(算法),andcoding.Buildingonmathknowledge,solvingmathpuzzles,andlearningkeyprogrammingconcepts,studentscodetogethertosolvechallengesandminiprojects.ProgramFeesandFinancialSupportTheregularfeeis$17andincludesafree60-minutetrainingclassifregisteredbyFebruary25.Thelatefeeis$25fromFebruary26totheregistrationdeadlineonMarch3rd.Ifyouareunabletopayforthefullprogrambecauseyouhavebeenfinanciallyaffected,pleaseapplyforascholarship.DiscountsandRefundPolicyTherewillbediscountsforgroupregistrations($2discountperstudentfor20participants,$3discountfor30,$4for40).Therewillbenorefunds/creditsofcontestfeesunderanycircumstances.1.WhatisthefocusofContestCourses?A.Decodingmathpuzzles. B.Improvingmathlevels.C.Recognizingstrategytypes. D.Instructingbasicsandskills.2.Howmuchshould20studentspayforregistrationonFebruary24?A.$300. B.$340. C.$460. D.$500.3.Whatcanweknowabouttheprogram?A.Thecoursesaredesignedatthesamelevel. B.Agroupof10studentswillgetnodiscounts.C.Refundswillbereceivedforcancellation. D.Anyparticipantcanapplyforascholarship.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【语篇解读】本文体裁为应用文。文章是关于冬季在线竞赛培训课程的招生启事。内容涵盖了课程介绍（包括竞赛课程、丰富课程、编程课程）、项目费用及财政支持信息（包括常规费用、逾期费用、奖学金申请）、折扣与退款政策等细节。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据CourseStreams部分“ContestCoursesaredesignedtocovercontestquestionsandproblemsolvingstrategiesthatstudentsmaycomeacross.Instructionwillfocusonthefundamentalsofproblemsolvinginfunandage-appropriateways,aswellasimprovingtheirskillsinquicklyjudginghowtosolveaproblembyrecognizingitstype.(竞赛课程旨在涵盖学生可能遇到的竞赛问题和解决问题的策略。教学将侧重于以有趣和适合年龄的方式解决问题的基本原理，以及提高他们通过识别问题的类型来快速判断如何解决问题的技能。)”可知，竞赛课程的重点是教授解题基础和技巧，以及通过识别问题类型来快速判断如何解决问题的技能。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ProgramFeesandFinancialSupport部分中的“Theregularfeeis$17andincludesafree60-minutetrainingclassifregisteredbyFebruary25.(常规费用为17美元，如果在2月25日之前注册，包括免费的60分钟培训课程。)”和DiscountsandRefundPolicy部分“Therewillbediscountsforgroupregistrations($2discountperstudentfor20participants,$3discountfor30,$4for40).(团体报名有折扣（20人每人2美元折扣，30人每人3美元折扣，40人每人4美元折扣）。)”可知，20名学生在2月24日注册可以享受每人减免2美元的优惠，即每人支付15美元。所以，20名学生的总费用为15*20=$300。故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据DiscountsandRefundPolicy部分中的“Therewillbediscountsforgroupregistrations($2discountperstudentfor20participants,$3discountfor30,$4for40).Therewillbenorefunds/creditsofcontestfeesunderanycircumstances.(团体报名有折扣（20人每人2美元折扣，30人每人3美元折扣，40人每人4美元折扣）。在任何情况下，比赛费用将不予退还/抵扣。)”可知，只有达到20名及以上参与者的团体才能享受折扣，10名学生组成的团体不符合折扣条件，故不会得到折扣，选项B正确，选项C错误。根据CourseStreams部分中的“EnrichmentCoursesaredesignedforstudentswhoarecomfortableinmathconceptsattheirgradelevelandarelookingforgreaterchallengesandnewwaystostimulatetheirinterestinmath.(强化课程是为那些在他们的年级水平上对数学概念感到舒适的学生而设计的，他们正在寻找更大的挑战和新的方法来激发他们的数学兴趣。)”可知，课程是针对不同级别设计的，选项A错误。根据ProgramFeesandFinancialSupport部分中的“Ifyouareunabletopayforthefullprogrambecauseyouhavebeenfinanciallyaffected,pleaseapplyforascholarship.(如果你因为经济上受到影响而无法支付全部费用，请申请奖学金。)”可知，并非任何参与者都能申请，选项D错误。故选B。BThisstampbelongstoalong-runningseriesofpostagestampsissuedbytheUS.Atfirstglance,RachelCarsonseemsaslightfigureamongthesegiants.Physically,perhaps,shewas—butshehasturnedouttobeoneofthemostinfluential.Asachild,Carsonwasfascinatedbybooksandanimals.Herfirstbook,UndertheSeaWind,waspublishedin1941,butsoldpoorly.Hersecondbook,TheSeaAroundUs,waspublishedin1951,whichwasasuccess.Agreatersuccesswastofollow.Theearly1950swereatimewhentechnologywasunquestioned.Manwouldironoutalltheinconveniencesofnature,andcreateanevermoreconvenientoneforhumanworld.OneofthetoolswithwhichthiswouldbeachievedwasDDT.SwisschemistPaulMullerhadwonthe1948NobelPrizefordiscoveringitscapacityforkillinginsects,andthechemicalwasgoingtorootoutnotjustdiseasesrelatedtoinsectslikemalaria(疟疾),butagriculturalandhouseholdpests.Butwhataboutbirdsthatatethedyinginsects?OrthelastingeffectsofDDTintheatmosphere,onceithaddoneitswork?VoiceswerealsobeingraisedthatDDTandotherpesticidescouldcausecancerinhumans.ThemoreCarsonexploredtheseside-effects,themoreconvincedshebecameoftheirdanger.Shedecidedtowritehernextbookaboutthat,and,beyondit,thethreatofotheroverusedchemicals.SilentSpring—thetitlesymbolizesaterrifying,birdlessfuture—waspublishedin1962.Itwasthefirstbooktobringawarenessofwhatwenowregardasecologicalissuestothegeneralpublicand“BookoftheMonth”inOctoberthatyear.Scientistsgaveitfavourablereviews.Chemicalcompaniesdidnot,attackingnotjustherargumentsbutherpersonality.Shewasaccusedofassistingthespreadofmalariabysupportingnopestcontrolofanykind.By1970,evenPresidentNixonhadcomeroundtoherpointofview,settinguptheUSEnvironmental.ProtectionAgency.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ironout”inparagraph2mean?A.Giveout. B.Putout. C.Takeaway. D.Clearaway.5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theinspirationofwritingherbook. B.Theside-effectsofDDT.C.Theresultsofeatingdyinginsects. D.TheadvantagesofDDT.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthebookSilentSpring?A.Itgainedwidesupportinitially. B.ItbroughtCarsonamountsofprofits.C.Itarousedpublicawarenessonecology. D.Itreceivedviolentattackfromscientists.7.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheBookoftheMonth B.ThePowerofWordsC.AnInfluentialBiography D.AFantasticStamp【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了RachelCarson如何通过她的书籍和言论对环境问题产生了深远的影响，特别是她的《寂静的春天》一书对公众生态意识的觉醒起到了重要作用。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据下文“createanevermoreconvenientoneforhumanworld.(为人类世界创造一个更加便利的环境。)”可知，人类将消除自然界的一切不便。由此可知，ironout意为“消除”。故选D。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Butwhataboutbirdsthatatethedyinginsects?OrthelastingeffectsofDDTintheatmosphere,onceithaddoneitswork?VoiceswerealsobeingraisedthatDDTandotherpesticidescouldcausecancerinhumans.ThemoreCarsonexploredtheseside-effects,themoreconvincedshebecameoftheirdanger.Shedecidedtowritehernextbookaboutthat,and,beyondit,thethreatofotheroverusedchemicals.(但是那些吃垂死昆虫的鸟类呢?或者DDT在大气中的持久影响，一旦它完成了它的工作？滴滴涕和其他杀虫剂可能导致人类癌症的声音也越来越高。卡森对这些副作用研究得越多，她就越确信它们的危险。她决定写她的下一本书，除此之外，还有其他过度使用化学品的威胁。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了她写这本书的灵感。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Itwasthefirstbooktobringawarenessofwhatwenowregardasecologicalissuestothegeneralpublicand“BookoftheMonth”inOctoberthatyear.(这是第一本让公众意识到我们现在所说的生态问题的书，也是当年10月的“月度图书”。)”可知，《寂静的春天》唤起了公众的生态意识。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了RachelCarson如何通过她的书籍和言论对环境问题产生了深远的影响，特别是她的《寂静的春天》一书对公众生态意识的觉醒起到了重要作用。因此，最符合文章主旨的标题是B项：“ThePowerofWords”（文字的力量）。故选B。COneofthegreatdiagnostic(诊断的)toolscreatedinthelast30yearsisthecomputedtomography(CT)scanner,whichhasbeenbetteredovertheyears,withmobilecapabilities.ACTscannerisasystemthatcombinesaseriesofX-rayimagesfromdifferentanglesaroundthebodyandthenusesacomputertocreatecross-sectionalimages.Theresultsofthescanarereadywithin15to30minutes,enablingdoctorstoreviewandinterpretthescanassoonasitiscompleted.ItisimportanttonotethatfixedCTscannersaremassivemachinesweighingupto4,000kilogramsthatrelyonhigh-voltagecapacitiesandcoolingmachinery.However,therearesomesituationswherefixedCTscannersarejusttooheavytobeusedefficiently.ThisiswhereMobileCTscanningunitsfitin:theybringthehospitaltothepatients.MobileCTscannersareCTscanningsystemsonwheelsmeanttobemovedeasilyfromroomtoroom.Overtheyears,theCTscannerstechnologyimprovedandprovidedhigherqualitymulti-functionalimaging,whilehelpingthetransporttothepatientspointofcare.WhencomparedtofixedCTscanners,mobileCT’swerefoundtohaveverypositiveoutcomesincluding:reductionintimeofreceivingdiagnosticservices;helpingthepatients’recovery;reductionintotallengthofstayatthehospital;higheraccuracyinpatientmanagement;aswellasincreasedaccessandresponsetothepatients’needs.ThepossibilityofriskyeventswhiletransportingcriticallyillpatientsforCTimagingisashighas71%.AkeypointisthemobileCT’sabilitytoperformimagingandtotreatapatientwithoutrepositioningandbyreducingthepatients’movements,whichhelpsprovidemoreaccuratediagnosis.8.Whatisstatedinparagraph2?A.Thewaysofscanningbones. B.ThedefinitionofanX-rayimage.C.Thepreparationtimeofascanner. D.TheworkingprincipleofaCTscanner.9.Inparagraph3,theauthormentioned“theybringthehospitaltothepatients”toshow______.A.morehospitalsareneeded B.lesspeoplegotohospitalsC.CTscansaremoreconvenient D.scanningdemandsareincreasing10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemobileCTscanners?A.Objective. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Stayinginhospitalsisbecomingunnecessary.B.Patientsshouldn’tbemovedbeforehavingCTscans.C.MobileCTscanscanreducenegativeincidentsgreatly.D.Doctorsshouldpaymoreattentiontomanagingpatients.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍并强调移动CT仪的重要性和优势。【8题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ACTscannerisasystemthatcombinesaseriesofX-rayimagesfromdifferentanglesaroundthebodyandthenusesacomputertocreatecross-sectionalimages.Theresultsofthescanarereadywithin15to30minutes,enablingdoctorstoreviewandinterpretthescanassoonasitiscompleted.(CT扫描仪是一种系统，它将身体周围不同角度的一系列x射线图像组合在一起，然后使用计算机创建横截面图像。扫描结果在15到30分钟内准备好，使医生能够在扫描完成后立即检查和解释扫描结果。)”可知，第二段CT扫描仪的工作原理。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However,therearesomesituationswherefixedCTscannersarejusttooheavytobeusedefficiently.ThisiswhereMobileCTscanningunitsfitin:theybringthehospitaltothepatients.MobileCTscannersareCTscanningsystemsonwheelsmeanttobemovedeasilyfromroomtoroom.(然而，在某些情况下，固定CT扫描仪太重而无法有效使用。这就是移动CT扫描设备的用武之地：它们把医院带到病人身边。移动CT扫描仪是一种装有轮子的CT扫描系统，可以很容易地从一个房间移动到另一个房间。)”可知，在第3段中，作者提到“他们把医院带到病人面前”，以表明CT扫描更方便。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“WhencomparedtofixedCTscanners,mobileCT’swerefoundtohaveverypositiveoutcomesincluding:reductionintimeofreceivingdiagnosticservices;helpingthepatients’recovery;reductionintotallengthofstayatthehospital;higheraccuracyinpatientmanagement;aswellasincreasedaccessandresponsetothepatients’needs.(与固定CT扫描仪相比，发现移动CT具有非常积极的结果，包括：减少接受诊断服务的时间；帮助患者康复；缩短住院总时间；提高患者管理的准确性；以及增加对患者需求的获取和响应。)”可知，作者在介绍移动CT扫描仪时，提到了它的多个优点，如减少患者接收诊断服务的时间、帮助患者恢复、提高患者管理的准确性等，这显示出作者对于移动CT扫描仪的支持态度。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“WhencomparedtofixedCTscanners,mobileCT’swerefoundtohaveverypositiveoutcomesincluding:reductionintimeofreceivingdiagnosticservices;helpingthepatients’recovery;reductionintotallengthofstayatthehospital;higheraccuracyinpatientmanagement;aswellasincreasedaccessandresponsetothepatients’needs.(与固定CT扫描仪相比，发现移动CT具有非常积极的结果，包括：减少接受诊断服务的时间；帮助患者康复；缩短住院总时间；提高患者管理的准确性；以及增加对患者需求的获取和响应。)”和文章最后一段“ThepossibilityofriskyeventswhiletransportingcriticallyillpatientsforCTimagingisashighas71%.AkeypointisthemobileCT’sabilitytoperformimagingandtotreatapatientwithoutrepositioningandbyreducingthepatients’movements,whichhelpsprovidemoreaccuratediagnosis.(运送危重病人进行CT成像时发生危险事件的可能性高达71%。移动CT的一个关键点在于其成像和治疗病人的能力，无需重新定位和减少病人的运动，这有助于提供更准确的诊断。)”可推知，移动CT扫描可以大大减少负面事件。故选C。DWhenwegoaboutourdailyroutines,mostofusareunawarethatbeneathourfeetliesanoutstandinglydifferentcommunityofplants,animalsandmicrobesthatmakesupoursoils.Soilsaremorethanjust“dirt”—they’reamajorsupplyofglobalbiodiversity,supportingagricultureandfoodsecurity,controllinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)andpromotingplant,animalandhumanhealth.Withoutthemourworldwouldn’tbethesame.Soilisalivingresource.Plantsandanimalsaboveandbelowgrounddependonthecomplexprocessesandinteractionstakingplaceinthesoilandthatenableslifeonearth.Plantsnurtureawholeworldofcreaturesinthesoil,whichinturnfeedsandprotectstheplants.FightinglossofsoilbiodiversityiskeytoglobalfoodsecurityandtheachievementofmorethanhalfoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Soilbiodiversityplaysavitalroleinthesoilecosystemassoilorganisms(有机体)areresponsiblefornutrientcycling,controllingthedynamics(有机质)ofsoilorganicmatterandgreenhousegasemissions,allowingsoilstofunctionproperly.Soilbiodiversityplaysacentralroleinpreservinghumanhealththrougharangeofpathwaysincludingwaterpurification,climatestabilization,nutrientandfoodsecurity.Topreventandminimizesoilbiodiversityloss,farmersandotherlanduserscanadoptsustainablesoilmanagementpractices.Limitingwastebyrecyclingandreusingwillminimizethechancesofsoilpollutionandthereforeprotectsoilbiodiversity.Governmentsshouldinvestingatheringbetterknowledgeabouttheimportanceofsoilbiodiversityandfunctions,includingbyregionandlandcovertype.Everyonecanprovideopportunitiestosupportsoilbiodiversityaroundyoubyprotectinginsectsandthesurroundingsandallowingbranchesandleavestorotnaturally.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1referto?A.Theroutines. B.Thecreatures.C.Thesoils. D.Theemissions.13.Whatroledoessoilbiodiversityplayintheecosystem?A.Providingnutrientstokeepthesoilhealthy. B.Securingfoodsupplytofeedmorepeople.C.Improvingthehumanimmunesystem. D.Stoppinggreenhousegasemissions.14.Whatcanbedonetostopsoilbiodiversityloss?A.Purifyingwater. B.Encouragingrecycling.C.Gradingthelands. D.Speedinguporganisms’rotting.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Beinvolvedinsoilprotecting. B.Keepthebalanceofbiodiversity.C.Makefulluseofsoilresources. D.Beawareoftheexistenceofsoils.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了土壤的重要性，强调了土壤生物多样性的关键作用，以及保护土壤生物多样性的必要性和方法。文中通过阐述土壤生态系统的功能、土壤对全球食物安全和可持续发展目标的贡献，以及个人和政府可以采取的保护措施，旨在提高公众对土壤保护意识和参与度。【12题详析】词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Whenwegoaboutourdailyroutines,mostofusareunawarethatbeneathourfeetliesanoutstandinglydifferentcommunityofplants,animalsandmicrobesthatmakesupoursoils.Soilsaremorethanjust“dirt”—they’reamajorsupplyofglobalbiodiversity,supportingagricultureandfoodsecurity,controllinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)andpromotingplant,animalandhumanhealth.Withoutthemourworldwouldn’tbethesame.(当我们进行日常生活时，我们大多数人都没有意识到，在我们脚下是一个由植物、动物和微生物组成的截然不同的群落，它们构成了我们的土壤。土壤不仅仅是“泥土”——它们是全球生物多样性的主要来源，支持农业和粮食安全，控制温室气体排放，促进植物、动物和人类健康。没有他们，我们的世界就不一样了。)”可知，划线词them前介绍了土壤的重要性，没有土壤，我们的世界就不一样了。them指代的是前文提到的“soils（土壤）”。A.Theroutines常规；B.Thecreatures生物；C.Thesoils土壤；D.Theemissions排放。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Soilbiodiversityplaysavitalroleinthesoilecosystemassoilorganisms(有机体)areresponsiblefornutrientcycling,controllingthedynamics(有机质)ofsoilorganicmatterandgreenhousegasemissions,allowingsoilstofunctionproperly.Soilbiodiversityplaysacentralroleinpreservinghumanhealththrougharangeofpathwaysincludingwaterpurification,climatestabilization,nutrientandfoodsecurity.(土壤生物多样性在土壤生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，因为土壤生物负责养分循环，控制土壤有机质和温室气体排放的动态，使土壤正常运作。土壤生物多样性通过水净化、气候稳定、营养和粮食安全等一系列途径，在维护人类健康方面发挥着核心作用。)”可知，土壤生物多样性在生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，包括营养循环、控制土壤有机质动态和温室气体排放，以及维持土壤正常功能。选项A“Providingnutrientstokeepthesoilhealthy.(提供养分以保持土壤健康。)”最能概括其作用。故选A。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Limitingwastebyrecyclingandreusingwillminimizethechancesofsoilpollutionandthereforeprotectsoilbiodiversity.(通过回收和再利用来限制废物将最大限度地减少土壤污染的机会，从而保护土壤生物多样性。)”可知，通过回收再利用，从而保护土壤生物多样性，所以要鼓励回收利用。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Everyonecanprovideopportunitiestosupportsoilbiodiversityaroundyoubyprotectinginsectsandthesurroundingsandallowingbranchesandleavestorotnaturally.(每个人都可以提供机会，通过保护昆虫和周围环境，让树枝和叶子自然腐烂，来支持你周围的土壤生物多样性。)”可知，作者建议读者参与到保护土壤的行动中来。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Kindnessgivesmeaboost,mentallyandphysically,whichisnotjustbeneficialforthereceiver,butalsoforthegiver.Ifsomeonereallylovesthegiftyou’vechosenforthem,thepleasureofgivingcanbeevenstrongerthanthatofreceiving.Butsuchfeelingsdon’talwayssitcomfortablywithus.____16____Traditionally,itistiedupwithbeliefsofselfsacrifice(牺牲)andputtingotherpeople’swelfareaheadofyourown.Indeed.someresearchersarguethatakeyelementisthatthepersonperformingtheactmustgiveupsomethinginordertohelpsomeoneelse.____17____IfIgiveupmyseattoanolderpersononacrowdedtube,sheendsupsittingandIstanding.I’velostoutbymykindness.Similarly,ifyougiveupseveralhourstovolunteer,youaresacrificingtimetohelpothers.____18____YetwhenIoffermyseat,oryouvolunteeryourtime,wetendtofeelawarmglowofself-satisfaction.____19____Wecanactkindlynow,evenifit’satsomecosttous,intheknowledgethatatsomepointinthefuturesomeonewillactinakindwaytowardsuswhenweneedhelp.Reciprocity(互惠)hashelpedhumanstoworktogether,surviveformanythousandsofyears.____20____Rather,itisashared,two-waydevotion.Onlyinextremesituationsdoeskindnessinvolvethecompleteornearcompleteselfsacrifice,suchaswhenpeoplerisktheirlifetosavethelivesofothers.Andeveninthesesituations,iftheheroessurvive,theycanpersonallygainfromtheiractionthroughahugeimprovementtotheirreputation.A.Thismayphysicallybethecase.B.Kindnessisn’tsimplyanactivity.C.Shouldn’ttruekindnessbeselfless?D.Wecanalsobenefitthroughinteractions.E.Youarenotdirectlybenefitingfromyourkindness.F.Thisrequireseffortandisn’talwaysfullyappreciated.G.Whynotvaluetheadvantageswegainfromourkindness?【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.D20.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了善良行为对于施与者和接受者都有益处，提倡在评估善良行为时不仅要考虑牺牲与回报的平衡，还要重视善良行为本身带来的心理和社会效益。【16题详析】根据上文的“Ifsomeonereallylovesthegiftyou’vechosenforthem,thepleasureofgivingcanbeevenstrongerthanthatofreceiving.Butsuchfeelingsdon’talwayssitcomfortablywithus.(如果有人真的喜欢你为他们选择的礼物，那么给予的快乐甚至比接受的快乐更强烈。但这种感觉并不总是让我们感到舒服)”和下文的“Traditionally,itistiedupwithbeliefsofselfsacrificeandputtingotherpeople’swelfareaheadofyourown.Indeed.someresearchersarguethatakeyelementisthatthepersonperformingtheactmustgiveupsomethinginordertohelpsomeoneelse.

(传统上，它与自我牺牲的信念和把别人的利益放在自己的利益之前联系在一起。确实。一些研究人员认为，一个关键因素是，实施行为的人必须放弃一些东西来帮助其他人)”可知，C项(真正的善良不应该是无私的吗？)承接上文，针对人们在付出时会感到吃亏了，从而不舒服提出问题，指出做好事应该不求回报，下文继续进行说明这一点，故选C项。【17题详析】根据上文的“Traditionally,itistiedupwithbeliefsofselfsacrificeandputtingotherpeople’swelfareaheadofyourown.Indeed.someresearchersarguethatakeyelementisthatthepersonperformingtheactmustgiveupsomethinginordertohelpsomeoneelse.

(传统上，它与自我牺牲的信念和把别人的利益放在自己的利益之前联系在一起。确实。一些研究人员认为，一个关键因素是，实施善意行为的人必须放弃一些东西来帮助其他人)”和下文的“IfIgiveupmyseattoanolderpersononacrowdedtube,sheendsupsittingandIstanding.I’velostoutbymykindness.Similarly,ifyougiveupseveralhourstovolunteer,youaresacrificingtimetohelpothers.(如果我在拥挤的地铁上给一位老人让座，结果是她坐着而我站着。我的好心让我吃亏了。同样，如果你放弃自己几个小时的时间做志愿者，你也牺牲了时间去帮助别人)”可知，A项(这可能是实际情况。)承接上文，肯定了上文的说法，即做好事是需要付出的，下文举了两个实例进行具体说明。故选A项。【18题详析】根据上文的“IfIgiveupmyseattoanolderpersononacrowdedtube,sheendsupsittingandIstanding.I’velostoutbymykindness.Similarly,ifyougiveupseveralhourstovolunteer,youaresacrificingtimetohelpothers.(如果我在拥挤的地铁上给一位老人让座，结果是她坐着而我站着。我的好心让我吃亏了。同样，如果你放弃自己几个小时的时间做志愿者，你也牺牲了时间去帮助别人)”可知，E项(你并没有直接受益于你的善良。)承接上文，说明了做好事需要付出，却没有得到回报。故选E项。【19题详析】根据上文的“YetwhenIoffermyseat,oryouvolunteeryourtime,wetendtofeelawarmglowofself-satisfaction.

(然而，当我让座，或者你自愿提供时间时，我们往往会感到一种自我满足的温暖)”和下文的“Wecanactkindlynow,evenifit’satsomecosttous,intheknowledgethatatsomepointinthefuturesomeonewillactinakindwaytowardsuswhenweneedhelp.Reciprocityhashelpedhumanstoworktogether,surviveformanythousandsofyears.(我们现在就可以友善地行动，即使要付出一些代价，因为我们知道，在未来的某个时刻，当我们需要帮助的时候，有人会以一种友善的方式对待我们。互惠帮助人类合作，从而生存了几千年)”可知，D项(我们也可以通过互动获益。)承接上文，说明了人们彼此帮助会带来好处，下文指出了好处所在，人们的合作才使得人们人类发展至今。故选D项。【20题详析】根据下文的“Rather,itisashared,two-waydevotion.Onlyinextremesituationsdoeskindnessinvolvethecompleteornearcompleteselfsacrifice,suchaswhenpeoplerisktheirlifetosavethelivesofothers.Andeveninthesesituations,iftheheroessurvive,theycanpersonallygainfromtheiractionthroughahugeimprovementtotheirreputation.(在某种程度上，这是一种共享的、双向的奉献。只有在极端情况下，善良才会包括完全或近乎完全的自我牺牲，比如当人们冒着生命危险去拯救别人的生命时。即使在这些情况下，如果英雄们幸存下来，他们也可以从他们的行动中获得巨大的声誉提升)”可知，B项(善良不仅仅是一项活动。)引出下文对善良的更深入的评价，指出善良带来的好处。故选B项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InLulea,acityinnorthernSweden,thesunonlyshinesaroundthreehoursadayinthewintermonths.Peopletendto____21____warmathomeandthatcanbeverylonely.Tohelp____22____winterloneliness,thelocalgovernmentisaskingeveryonetojustsay____23____toeachother.AsaKoski,acityofficial,____24____theidea.Shewantsthecitytobeafriendlier,andlesslonelyplaceforthe____25____.“Wedon’tjustwantthatourcityisgoingtogrowasa____26____itself;wewantittobeapleasant,safeandfriendlycityaswellwherethere’s____27____,leisureactivitiesandsport,”KoskitoldTheGuardian.Sheaddedthatbeingseenand____28____bystrangersmakesyoufeellikeyoubelong.“Theresearchshowsthatithasagreat____29____onhealthandoftenaneffectonwantingtohelpeachother,”Koskisaid.Thenewcampaignisasimplewayto____30____lonelypeople,butforacountryknownforpeoplebeingreserved,itisaverybig____31____.Toencouragepeopletosay“hi”,theproposalisnowbeing____32____onbuses,inschools,andevenworkshops.____33____,moreandmorepeoplearebecomingtorealizetheimportanceofgreeting.Theseconnectionsmakepeoplefeelmore____34____andsecureintheircommunities,reducetheproblemofloneliness,andmake____35____withneighborslesslikely.21.A.turn B.start C.stay D.become22.A.fight B.challenge C.seek D.survive23.A.yes B.goodbye C.sorry D.hello24.A.keptupwith B.cameupwith C.caughtupwith D.putupwith25.A.families B.scholars C.residents D.governors26.A.city B.restaurant C.library D.home27.A.nature B.knowledge C.literature D.culture28.A.visited B.greeted C.helped D.offended29.A.decision B.burden C.impact D.impression30.A.connect B.recognize C.introduce D.remember31.A.tool B.method C.fact D.step32.A.proved B.advertised C.recorded D.believed33.A.Similarly B.Obviously C.Gradually D.Generally34.A.acknowledged B.realized C.confirmed D.abandoned35.A.performance B.adventure C.failure D.conflict【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.B33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞典北部城市Lulea在冬季日照极短的情况