2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市高一上学期期末综合能力检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末综合能力检测英语试题Ⅰ.阅读(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThailand’sfourtrainjourneysIfyou’renotinarush,youcantaketrainstotravelaroundThailand.Herearethefourbesttrainjourneysinthecountry.HaLineStart:Tho;End:SatSamStartatThoWongYtrainstation,justacrosstheCoPRiverfromBangkok.Fromthewindow,youcanseehomes,shops,palmtreesandricefields.ThefarmlanddisappearsasyouenterSamSan.Aftergettingoffandwalkingthroughabusyfreshmarket,you’llreachaharbor(港口).DeathRailwayStart:Tho;End:NamTBuiltinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.Atotalof688bridgeswerebuiltalongtheroute(路线).ThetrainsthatrunontheDeathRailwayare3rd-class,meaningtheyhavenoair-conditionersandmostlywoodenbenches.It’satouristline,sothere’restopsforshortvisitstohistoricalsitesandaneave.BeachTrainStart:Bangkok;End:HaHThisrouteskirtsaroundtheGulfofThailand.Yourdestination,HaH,isThailand’soriginalbeachresort(旅游胜地).ThecentralattractionoftherouteisHaHred-and-whitetrainstation,whichwasbuiltin1926.ThetrainislargelyresponsibleforHaHwealth;therefore,thestationisamajorsourceofpride.TraintoLaosStart:Bangkok;End:ThangStartingfromBangkokintheafternoon,thisroutecrossestheMekongRiverintoLaos.Inthemorning,withwarmsunlightstreamingintoyourbed,you’llpassbythecharmingtinyvillagesandseeminglyendlessusefields.AfterastopinNongK,you’llcrosstheso-calledFriendshipBridgetoLaos.1.Whatcan’belearnedabouttheDeathRailway?A.ItisthemostfamousandmodernlineinThailand.B.Itstrainsare3rd-classwithallwoodenbenches.C.ItprovidesyouwithgoodnaturalviewsalongthelineD.Itstopsforafewmomentsathistoricalsites.2.WhatdoDeathRailwayandBeachTrainhaveincommon?A.Theyallowyoutoenjoyseaviews.B.Theycangiveyouasenseofhistory.C.Theyofferalotofgoodviewsalongtheway.D.Theymakeyouexperiencethelocallife.3.WhichisthedestinationofBeachTrain?A.Bangkok. B.NongK. C.HaH. D.Thang.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了泰国的四条火车旅行路线。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章DeathRailway部分中“Builtinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.Atotalof688bridgeswerebuiltalongtheroute(路线).ThetrainsthatrunontheDeathRailwayare3rd-class,meaningtheyhavenoair-conditionersandmostlywoodenbenches.It’satouristline,sothere’restopsforshortvisitstohistoricalsitesandaeave.(死亡铁路建于20世纪40年代，是泰国最著名、最具历史意义的铁路线。沿途共修建了688座桥梁(路线)。在死亡铁路上运行的火车是三等舱，也就是说他们没有空调，大多是木凳。这是一条旅游线路，所以会有短暂参观历史遗迹和休息的站点。)”可知，关于死亡铁路我们了解到的是它的火车是三等车厢，全是木凳，沿途你可以欣赏到优美的自然风光，有短暂参观历史遗迹和休息的站点，所以A选项“这是泰国最著名、最现代的线路。”不符合题意。故选A项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据文章DeathRailway部分中“Builtinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.(死亡铁路建于20世纪40年代，是泰国最著名、最具历史意义的铁路线。)”和BeachTrain部分中“ThecentralattractionoftherouteisHaHred-and-whitetrainstation,whichwasbuiltin1926.(这条路线的中心景点是建于1926年的哈哈红白火车站。)”可知，死亡铁路和海滩火车这两条线路的共同之处是它们可以给你一种历史感。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章BeachTrain可知，“Yourdestination,HaH,isThailand’soriginalbeachresort(旅游胜地).(你的目的地，HaH.是泰国最原始的海滩度假胜地)”。可知，海滩列车的目的地是HaH.。故选C项。BAfewyearsago,itseemedlikeTaylorSwiftneverwentanywherewithoutalargegroupoffriends.Nomatterwhateventsheattended,alistsquad(小队)—whichincludedfamouspeoplelikeSelenaGomez,ZendandGodHadid—wouldberightbyherside.ButnowSwiftwantsfanstoknowthatherfriendshipsweren’tasperfectasshetriedtomakepeoplebelieve.Infact,shesaysshewasusingherfriendgrouptohideherinsecurity(不安全)offeeling“uncool”and“unpopular”.Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquadbecauseshedidn’thavemanyfriendswhenshewasyounger—amemorythatstillbotheredheryearslater.“Neverbeingpopularasakidwasalwaysaninsecurityforme,”shesays.Whenshebecamefamous,Swiftbecameobsessed(沉迷)withshowingoffherpopularity.“Inmytwenties,Ifoundmyselfsurroundedbygirlswhowantedtobemyfriends,”Swiftexplains.“SoIcelebratedmynewfoundacceptanceintoasisterhood.”Butbyconstantlyputtingherfriendsondisplay,Swiftfailedtoconsiderhowbadherfansmightfeelaboutthemselvesbecausetheydidn’thaveasquadlikehers.“Ididn’trealizethatotherpeoplemightstillfeelthewayIdidwhenIfeltsoalone,”shesays.Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(数量).Shesaysshefinallyunderstandsthatthesizeofhergroupdoesn’tmeanhow“cool”sheis.Toher,it’smuchmoreimportanttohaveafewfriendswhocanbetrustedratherthanalargegroupof“fair-weather”friends.WhileSwiftstillvaluesherfriendsshehasinherlife,shenolongerfeelsthepressuretoshowoffthemforthesakeofimpressingothers.“Fortoolong,theopinionsofstrangersaffectedhowIviewedthings.ButnowIlearnnottoletoutsideopinionsaffectmyownlifechoices.”4.WhatmadeSwiftknowoldlistsquad?A.Thepopularityofherfriends.B.Herchildhoodexperience.C.Thesupportofherfans.D.Herstrongsocialinfluence.5.Whatdoesparagraph4intendtotellus?A.Weshouldmakerealfriends.B.Itisimportanttotrustourfriends.C.Ourfriendscanaffectourbehavior.D.Therearemanywaysofmakingfriends.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sake”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Request. B.Advice. C.Method. D.Purpose.7.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Ascientificreport. B.Asocialnewspaper.C.Atravelmagazine. D.Amovieposter.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要讲述著名歌手TaylorSwift由于童年时期不受欢迎的经历喜欢带着一群朋友团，后来随着年龄的增长和自信心的增强，Swift开始关注朋友的质量，学会了不让外界的观点影响自己的人生选择。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquadbecauseshedidn’thavemanyfriendswhenshewasyounger—amemorythatstillbotheredheryearslater.(Swift说，她特意去炫耀她的团队，因为她年轻的时候没有很多朋友——多年后这段记忆仍然困扰着她)”可知，童年时期的经历让Swift认识了她的朋友小分队。故选B。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(数量).Shesaysshefinallyunderstandsthatthesizeofhergroupdoesn’tmeanhow“cool”sheis.Toher,it’smuchmoreimportanttohaveafewfriendswhocanbetrustedratherthanalargegroupof“fair-weather”friends.(随着年龄的增长和自信心的增强，Swift开始关注朋友的质量，而不是数量。她说她终于明白，她的团队规模并不意味着她有多“酷”。对她来说，有几个可以信任的朋友比一大群“酒肉朋友”重要得多)”可知，本段主要告诉我们要结交真正的朋友。故选A。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Infact,shesaysshewasusingherfriendgrouptohideherinsecurity(不安全)offeeling“uncool”and“unpopular”.Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquad(事实上，她说她是在利用她的朋友群来隐藏她的不安全感，因为她觉得自己“不酷”、“不受欢迎”。Swift说，她特意去炫耀她的团队)”以及划线词后“ofimpressingothers(给别人留下深刻印象)”可知，Swift炫耀自己的朋友来隐藏自己的不安全感，推知划线词所在句意为“虽然Swift仍然珍惜她生命中的朋友，但她不再感到为了给别人留下深刻印象而炫耀他们的压力”，sake意为“目的”。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中“Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(数量).(随着年龄的增长和自信心的增强，Swift开始关注朋友的质量，而不是数量)”和最后一段中“Fortoolong,theopinionsofstrangersaffectedhowIviewedthings.ButnowIlearnnottoletoutsideopinionsaffectmyownlifechoices.(很长一段时间以来，陌生人的观点影响了我对事物的看法。但现在我学会了不让外界的观点影响我自己的人生选择)”可知，本文主要讲述著名歌手TaylorSwift由于童年时期不受欢迎的经历喜欢带着一群朋友团，后来随着年龄的增长和自信心的增强，Swift开始关注朋友的质量，学会了不让外界的观点影响自己的人生选择，是关于友谊的，应是出自社交报纸。故选B。CWecanlearntobehappybutonlygetlastingbenefitsifwekeeppracticing,anewstudyhasrevealed.TheteambehindtheUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursehadalreadydiscoveredthatteachingstudentsthelatestscientificstudiesonhappinessmarkedlyimprovedtheirwell-being.However,theirlateststudyfoundthatthesewell-beingboostsareshort-livedunlesstheevidence-informedhabitslearnedinthecourse—suchasgratitude,exercise,orrun—arekeptupoverthelongterm.SeniorauthorProfessorBruceHoodsaid,“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth;otherwise,theimprovementswillbetemporary.”Launchedin2018,theUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursewasthefirstofitskindintheUK.Itinvolvesnoexamsorcourseworkandteachesstudentswhatthelatestpeer-reviewedstudiesinpsychologyandneurosciencesayreallymakesushappy.Studentswhotookthecoursereporteda10%to15%improvementinwell-being.However,onlythosewhocontinuedimplementingthecourselearningmaintainedthatimprovedwell-beingwhentheyweresurveyedagaintwoyearslater.ProfessorHoodsaid,“Thisstudyshowsthatjustdoingacourseisjustthestart.Youmustcommittousingwhatyoulearnonaregularbasis.Muchofwhatweteachrevolvesaroundpositivepsychologicalinterventionsthattakeyourattentionfromyourselfbyhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orbeinggrateful.Thisistheoppositeofthecurrent‘self-care’doctrine(学说),butcountlessstudieshaveshownthatgettingoutofourownheadshelpsgetusawayfromnegativethoughts,whichcanbethebasisofsomanymentalhealthproblems.”8.Whatdoesthestudyfindabouthappiness?A.Happinesscanbelearned,butwehavetoworkatit.B.Financialsuccessdoesnotproducelastinghappiness.C.Happinessistheabilitytomakethemostofwhatwehave.D.Tryingtoohardtofindhappinessmayhavetheoppositeeffect.9.WhatcanwelearnfromProfessorHood’swords?A.Learninghasgottobeactiveandexperiential.B.Mentalhealthisasimportantasphysicalhealth.C.Maintaininghappinessrequirescontinuouseffort.D.Exerciseisthebestwaytokeepahealthylifestyle.10.Whatwordscanbestdescribethecourse?A.Longandcomplex. B.Pioneeringanduseful.C.Cheapandprofessional. D.Interestingandeducational.11.Howcanweimprovementalhealthaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Byinteractingwithothers. B.Byfocusingonourselves.C.Bylearninganewcourse. D.Byavoidingnegativefriends.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布里斯托大学快乐科学课程的研究，该研究指出快乐是可以习得的，但我们必须不断努力去获得它。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Wecanlearntobehappybutonlygetlastingbenefitsifwekeeppracticing,anewstudyhasrevealed.(一项新的研究表明，我们可以学会快乐，但只有坚持练习才能获得持久的好处。)”可知，该研究发现，快乐是可以习得的，但我们必须努力去获得它。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中Hood教授所说的话“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth;otherwise,theimprovementswillbetemporary.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康。就像保持身体健康一样，我们必须不断努力保持心理健康；否则，这些改善将是暂时的。)”可知，Hood教授把获得快乐比作通过去健身房保持身体健康，指出保持身体健康需要不断去健身房，而保持快乐也要不断的努力。故选C项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Launchedin2018,theUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursewasthefirstofitskindintheUK.Itinvolvesnoexamsorcourseworkandteachesstudentswhatthelatestpeer-reviewedstudiesinpsychologyandneurosciencesayreallymakesushappy.Studentswhotookthecoursereporteda10%to15%improvementinwell-being.(布里斯托大学的快乐科学课程于2018年推出，是英国首个此类课程。它不涉及考试或作业，教给学生心理学和神经科学领域最新的同行评议研究认为真正能让我们快乐的东西。参加这门课程的学生报告说，他们的幸福感提高了10%到15%。)”可知，这门课程是英国首个此类课程，与传统的课程不同，不涉及考试或作业，而且参加的学生的幸福感的确得到了提升。由此可知，这门课程具有开拓性和实用性。故选B项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Muchofwhatweteachrevolvesaroundpositivepsychologicalinterventionsthattakeyourattentionfromyourselfbyhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orbeinggrateful.(我们教的很多东西都围绕着积极的心理干预，通过帮助别人、和朋友在一起或心怀感激，把你的注意力从自己身上转移开。)”可知，我们可以通过与他人互动来改善心理健康。故选A项。DAnumberofnewhousesacrossCaliforniaaresellingunusuallyfast.Inthepasttwomonths,82havebeensoldout,andthewaitinglistis1,000long.Thatdemandshould,though,soonbesatisfied—for,whileitcantakeweekstoputupaconventionalbricks-and-mortardwelling(砖混住宅),theconstructorsbehindthesehousesareabletobuildoneinlessthan24hours.Theycandoitsorapidlybecausetheirproductsarecollectedfromprefabricated(预制的)componentsprintedinafactory.Three-dimensional(3D)printinghasbeenaroundsincetheearly1980s,butisnowdevelopingfast.Itisalreadyemployedtomakethingsrangingfromorthopedic(整形外科的)implantstocomponentsforaircraft.Thedetailsvaryaccordingtotheproductsandprocessesinvolved,buttheunderlyingprinciple(原理)isthesame.Alayerofmaterialislaiddownandsomehowfixedinplace.Thenanotherisputontopofit.Thenanother.Byvaryingtheshapeandthecomposition,objectscanbecraftedthatwouldbedifficultorimpossibletoproducewithconventionaltechniques.Notonlydoes3Dprintingallowgreaterversatility(用途广泛)andfasterconstruction,italsopromisesamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyapproach.Thatmaymakeitausefulanswertotwochallengesnowfacingtheworld:ashortageofhousingandclimatechange.Morethan20%ofEarth’spopulationlackadequateaccommodation.Andtheconstructionindustryisresponsiblefor11%oftheworld’sman-madecarbon-dioxideemissions.Animportantbenefitisthatthereislessneedtomovelotsofheavystuff.PalariHomes,forinstance,estimatesthatprefabricatingitsproductsreducesthenumberoflorryjourneyssufficientlytocuttwotonnesofftheamountofcarbondioxidereleasedperhome.Ifsuccessful,buildingby3Dprintingislikelytospreadbeyondhousing.Opportunitiesalsoexistinwarehousing,officesandothercommercialbuildings.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.HousesaresellingfasterinCaliforniathanotherplaces.B.ThedemandsofhousescanbewellmetinCalifornia.C.TraditionalhousesaleinCaliforniahasbeenincreasingrecently.D.Conventionaldwellingsneedmoretimetocompletethan3Dprintedhouses.13.What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentandexplanationof3Dprinting.B.Theapplicationandworkprinciplesof3Dprinting.C.Theadvantagesof3Dprinting.D.Thefunctionsandfutureof3Dprinting.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards3Dprinting?A.Neutral. B.Negative. C.Favorable. D.Worried.15.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.3Dprinting—applicationtotheconstructionfieldB.3Dprinting—anenvironmentallyfriendlytechC.Thepromisingfutureofthe3DprintingindustryD.Newpracticeofthefamiliar3Dprinting【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在建筑行业的应用，指出其能够快速建造房屋并具有环保优势，有助于解决住房短缺和气候变化问题，并可能扩展到其他商业建筑领域。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thatdemandshould,though,soonbesatisfied—for,whileitcantakeweekstoputupaconventionalbricks-and-mortardwelling(砖混住宅),theconstructorsbehindthesehousesareabletobuildoneinlessthan24hours.Theycandoitsorapidlybecausetheirproductsarecollectedfromprefabricated(预制的)componentsprintedinafactory.(不过，这种需求应该很快就会得到满足，因为建造一所传统的砖混住宅可能需要数周的时间，而这些房屋背后的建造者能够在不到24小时的时间内建造一所房屋。他们能做的如此之快，因为他们的产品是来自印刷在工厂预制组件。)”可知，建造一所传统的砖混住宅可能需要数周的时间，但利用3D打印时间可缩短到24小时以内。由此可知，传统住宅比3D打印房屋需要更多的时间来完成。故选D项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Three-dimensional(3D)printinghasbeenaroundsincetheearly1980s,butisnowdevelopingfast.Itisalreadyemployedtomakethingsrangingfromorthopedic(整形外科的)implantstocomponentsforaircraft.Thedetailsvaryaccordingtotheproductsandprocessesinvolved,buttheunderlyingprinciple(原理)isthesame.Alayerofmaterialislaiddownandsomehowfixedinplace.Thenanotherisputontopofit.Thenanother.Byvaryingtheshapeandthecomposition,objectscanbecraftedthatwouldbedifficultorimpossibletoproducewithconventionaltechniques.(自20世纪80年代初以来，三维(3D)打印已经出现，但现在发展迅速。它已经被用于制造从骨科植入物到飞机部件的各种产品。具体细节根据所涉及的产品和过程而有所不同，但基本原理是相同的。铺上一层材料，并以某种方式固定在适当的位置。然后再把另一个放在上面。然后另一个。通过改变形状和组成，可以制作出用传统技术很难或不可能生产的物体。)”可知，本段主要介绍了3D打印的应用领域和工作原理。故选B项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Notonlydoes3Dprintingallowgreaterversatility(用途广泛)andfasterconstruction,italsopromisesamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyapproach.Thatmaymakeitausefulanswertotwochallengesnowfacingtheworld:ashortageofhousingandclimatechange.(3D打印不仅具有更广泛的用途和更快的建造速度，而且有望成为一种更环保的方法。这可能会使它成为解决目前世界面临的两大挑战的有用答案：住房短缺和气候变化。)”可知，作者认为3D打印用途广泛，建造速度快，更加环保，而且可能帮助解决住房短缺和气候变化。由此可知，作者是支持3D打印的。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕3D打印技术在建筑行业的应用展开，第一段用加州新房屋的销售引出使用3D打印可以快速有效地使用预制组件建造房屋，第二段补充3D打印的相关背景知识，介绍这种打印在其他领域的应用，以及工作原理，第三段介绍用3D打印建造房屋的优势，主要有关解决住房短缺和气候变化的挑战。因此，A项“3D打印：在建筑领域的应用”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Isyourdoganythinglikemine,wholovesrollingaroundinapairofgrassanychanceshegets?Anditalwayscracksmeup(andanybodywalkingby)towatchmydog,Na,havethetimeofherlife.____16____Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?TofindoutwhyNaandsomanyotherdogsliketostop,dropandroll,IreachedouttoDr.StephanieAustin.____17____She’senjoyingasmell.It’simportanttorememberhowincrediblypowerfulyourdog’snoseis.“Theyarepickinguponhundredsofsubtlescentsthatwecan’tevencomprehend!”Dr.Austinsaid.“Sometimestheywanttoenjoyascenttheyhavefoundinthegrassandwillrollaroundinittodojustthat.____18____AccordingtoDr.Austin,there’sanothersmellyreasonwhyyourpupmayberollingaroundinthatpatchofgrass.“Dogsmayrollingrasstohidetheirownscent,asmoreofaninheritedpredatory(捕食性的)instinct,”Dr.Austinsaid.She’sscratchinganitch(挠痒痒).“It’sgoodtoruleoutanyallergiesandmakesure,yourdogisn’trollingatontoscratchaconstantlyitchybackorside.____19____”Dr.Austinsaid.She’scoolingoff.Ifit’saparticularlyhotday,thatgrassmaylookextraappealingtoyourdog,whereshecanjustberelaxedandhavingfun.Itmightevenbealittlewetfromasprinkler—theperfectcomboforyourdogtocooloffin.Ifyounoticeyourdogrollingaroundinthegrass,it’sprobablyjustherhavingthebesttimeever.____20____.ButnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.A.She’scoveringupherownscent.B.Shetryingtoscareoffprey(猎物).C.Butotherwise,it’sprobablynormalthatshe’shavingagoodtime.D.ButI’vealwayswonderedwhysheactuallydoesit.E.Sheisananimaldoctorwhohasbeenworkingoncuringdogsforseveralyears.F.Andherearesomeofthemostcommonexplanationsbehindthisbehavior.G.I’mnotsureaboutyou.【答案】16.D17.F18.A19.C20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了小狗在草地上打滚的原因。【16题详析】由下文“Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?(她在降温吗？她只是超级开心吗？)”可知，空后提出了一些问题，说明空处为提出这些问题的原因，即作者一直在想为什么小狗要在草地上打滚。所以D项“ButI’vealwayswonderedwhysheactuallydoesit.(但我一直想知道她为什么要这么做。)”符合语境，有启下作用。故选D项。【17题详析】由上文“TofindoutwhyNaandsomanyotherdogsliketostop,dropandroll,IreachedouttoDr.StephanieAustin.(为了弄清楚为什么Na和这么多其他狗喜欢停下来打滚，我联系了斯蒂芬妮·奥斯汀博士。)”可知，这里主要讲作者向专业人士咨询，而F项“Andherearesomeofthemostcommonexplanationsbehindthisbehavior.(以下是这种行为背后的一些最常见的解释。)”符合语境，其中herearesomeofthemostcommonexplanations有启下作用，thisbehavior与上文liketostop,dropandroll对应，有承上作用。故选F项。【18题详析】由下文“AccordingtoDr.Austin,there’sanothersmellyreasonwhyyourpupmayberollingaroundinthatpatchofgrass.‘Dogsmayrollingrasstohidetheirownscent,asmoreofaninheritedpredatory(捕食性的)instinct,’Dr.Austinsaid.(奥斯汀博士说，你的小狗在那片草地上打滚还有另一个原因。奥斯汀博士说：‘狗可能会在草丛中滚动以隐藏自己的气味，这更多地是一种遗传的掠食性本能。’)”可知，这里主要讲狗可能会在草丛中滚动来隐藏自己的气味，所以A项“She’scoveringupherownscent.(她在掩盖自己的气味。)”符合语境，其中coveringupherownscent与下文hidetheirownscent对应，有启下作用。故选A项。【19题详析】由上文“It’sgoodtoruleoutanyallergiesandmakesure,yourdogisn’trollingatontoscratchaconstantlyitchybackorside.(最好排除任何过敏反应，并确保你的狗不会因为不断发痒的背部或侧面而翻滚。)”可知，这里主要讲排除狗不是因为发痒而打滚，而C项“Butotherwise,it’sprobablynormalthatshe’shavingagoodtime.(但除此之外，她玩得很开心可能是正常的。)”符合语境，其中Butotherwise，表示和上文形成转折。故选C项。【20题详析】由下文“ButnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.(但现在我甚至在考虑下次加入我的狗。)”可知，这里主要讲作者想下次加入狗一起打滚玩，而G项“I’mnotsureaboutyou.(我不确定你。)”符合语境，与后句形成转折。故选G项。Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。IthasbeenfouryearssinceIlearntorideahorsefromWorktoRide.TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi,whowasaformercompetitiverider.Butnowhe____21____helpinginner-citykidsfindcourageandconfidencethroughridinghorses.He____22____theprogramforteenagersplayingpolo(马球).Eachstudentisassigneda“carehorse”—ananimaltheyare____23____forraisingandcaringfor.Thoughit’sfreeforteens,____24____theprogramrequiresothertypesofinvestment.Fouryearsago,afriendfirsttoldmeabouttheprogram,sayingitwouldallowmetospendmyafternoons____25____horseswhileridingthemforfree.Iwascuriousaboutit,soIfollowedhimtothebarn(牲口房)wherehorseswerekept.AtfirstwhenIsawmybighorse,Iwas____26____.Aftermonthsofpractice,however,thefearIhad____27____towardsthehorsewaslonggone.Iwas____28____torideahorse.Itwasallduetothese____29____:feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury.ButIthoughttheexperiencewasdifferentfromanythingIhad______30______imagined.Manykids______31______fortheprogramandtheirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi:Theprogramhasbeenagreat______32______.Hiisstrictwiththekids.“It’s______33______forkidstocomehereontime.You’llbekickedofftheprogramifyoustop______34______classes,”hestressed.Hisgoalsaremoderate(适度的).“Watchingthesekidsdeveloparelationshipwiththeirhorsesis______35______,”hesaid.21.A.focuseson B.feedson C.reflectson D.relieson22.A.received B.founded C.completed D.refused23.A.talented B.responsible C.perfect D.desperate24.A.joining B.donating C.volunteering D.instructing25.A.watchingfor B.appealingto C.lookingafter D.tryingout26.A.excited B.worried C.surprised D.frightened27.A.borne B.expressed C.caused D.imagined28.A.chosen B.afraid C.recommended D.delighted29.A.contributions B.tests C.efforts D.hopes30.A.actually B.originally C.finally D.luckily31.A.paid B.waited C.entered D.searched32.A.competition B.treat C.award D.success33.A.natural B.possible C.necessary D.usual34.A.attending B.buying C.organizing D.enjoying35.A.shocking B.unbelievable C.understandable D.rewarding【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.D29.C30.B31.C32.D33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名前竞技骑手Hi创立了一个免费骑马项目，旨在帮助贫民区孩子通过骑马增强勇气和信心。每个孩子负责一匹“看护马”，需照顾和饲养。作者四年前加入该项目，起初害怕骑马，但通过练习和照顾马匹，逐渐克服恐惧并爱上骑马。项目很成功，Hi得到了孩子们母亲的高度赞扬。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但现在他专注于帮助贫民区的孩子通过骑马找到勇气和信心。A.focuseson专注于；B.feedson以……为食；C.reflectson反思；D.relieson依赖于。根据上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi,whowasaformercompetitiverider.”可知，Hi以前是一名竞技骑手，这个项目是由他提出的，由此推知，他现在是专注于通过这个项目帮助这些孩子。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他创立了青少年打马球的项目。A.received收到；B.founded创立；C.completed完成；D.refused拒绝。根据上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi”可知，这个项目是由Hi提出的，因此他创立了该项目。故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个学生都被分配了一匹“看护马”——他们负责饲养和照顾的动物。A.talented有才华的；B.responsible负责的；C.perfect完美的；D.desperate绝望的。根据下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，参与该项目的学生需要负责饲养和照顾马匹。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然该项目对青少年是免费的，但参与该项目需要其他类型的投入。A.joining参加；B.donating捐赠；C.volunteering自愿做；D.instructing指导。根据下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，作者需要喂马，清洗马，检查马是否有受伤的迹象，由此可知，此处指参与该项目需要这种时间与精力的投入。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：四年前，一个朋友第一次告诉我这个项目，说它可以让我在下午免费骑马的时候照顾马。A.watchingfor等待；B.appealingto吸引；C.lookingafter照顾；D.tryingout尝试。根据上文“ananimaltheyare________forraisingandcaringfor”可知，参与该项目的人在免费骑马的同时要照顾马。故选C。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，当我看到我的大马时，我很害怕。A.excited兴奋的；B.worried担心的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.frightened害怕的。根据下文“thefearIhad________towardsthehorsewaslonggone”可知，后来作者对马的恐惧消失了，因此一开始是很害怕。故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经过几个月的练习，我对马的恐惧早已消失了。A.borne怀有（某种情感）；B.expressed表达；C.caused引起；D.imagined想象。根据上文“thefearIhad”和下文“towardsthehorse”可推知，此处指对马怀有的恐惧的心理。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴能骑马。A.chosen选择；B.afraid害怕的；C.recommended推荐；D.delighted高兴的。根据上文“Aftermonthsofpractice,however,thefearIhad________towardsthehorsewaslonggone.”可知，经过几个月的练习，作者不再害怕马，因此是很高兴能骑马。故选D。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都要归功于这些努力：喂我的“看护马”，清洗它，检查它是否有受伤的迹象。A.contributions贡献；B.tests测试；C.efforts努力；D.hopes希望。根据下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，喂“看护马”，清洗它，检查它是否有受伤的迹象，都是作者付出的努力。故选C。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我觉得这次经历与我最初想象的完全不同。A.actually实际上；B.originally最初；C.finally最后；D.luckily幸运地。从句用了过去完成时，再根据上文“IthoughttheexperiencewasdifferentfromanythingIhad”和下文“imagined”可推知，此处指和作者最初想象的完全不同。故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多孩子报名参加了这个项目，他们的妈妈对Hi总是评价很高：这个项目非常成功。A.paid支付；B.waited等待；C.entered报名；D.searched搜索。根据下文“theirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi”可知，孩子们的妈妈对Hi总是评价很高，由此可知，孩子们是报名参加了这个项目，有了实际的体验。故选C。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多孩子报名参加了这个项目，他们的妈妈对Hi总是评价很高：这个项目非常成功。A.competition竞争；B.treat款待；C.award奖励；D.success成功。根据上文“theirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi”可知，孩子们的妈妈对Hi总是评价很高，因此这个项目非常成功。故选D。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们很有必要按时来这里。A.natural自然的；B.possible可能的；C.necessary必要的；D.usual通常的。根据上文“Hiisstrictwiththekids.”可知，Hi对孩子很严格，因此是认为孩子们很有必要按时来这里。故选C。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你不去上课，你就会被踢出这个项目。A.attending定期去；B.buying购买；C.organizing组织；D.enjoying享受。根据上文“You’llbekickedofftheprogram”可推知，在不去上课的情况下，孩子们会被踢出这个项目，动词短语attendclass意为“上课”。故选A。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“看着这些孩子和他们的马建立关系是值得的，”他说。A.shocking震惊的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.understandable可理解的；D.rewarding值得的。根据上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi”和“helpinginner-citykidsfindcourageandconfidencethroughridinghorses”可知，Hi提出了这个项目，希望帮助贫民区的孩子通过骑马找到勇气和信心，因此对于他来说，看着这些孩子和他们的马建立关系是值得的。故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Studentscontrolshadowpuppets(皮影木偶)asthesingingvoiceof71-year-oldLiuAibangechoes(回荡)acrosstheclassroom.Theyusethinstraightpiecesofwood____36____(make)shadowpuppetsstepontothe“stage”—aclothscreen.Those____37____(sit)infrontofthestageplaymusicondrums,Suonahorns(唢呐)andotherinstruments.ThisisaDaoqingshadowpuppetryclassatLongdongUniversity.ExceptLiu,____38____otherperformersoftheshowareallcollegestudents.StartingintheHanDynasty,Daoqingshadowpuppetry____39____(include)inthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist(国家非物质文化遗产名录)since2006.Inthepast,shadowplays____40____(welcome)bypeopleofallages,andwereoftenperformedduringthefestivals.____41____,withfilmsandsoapoperasbecomingpopularinthelate1980s,manyperformersmovedontootherjobs.____42____(face)withthechoicebetweenprotectingthis