《水处理技术（双语）》课件-砂过滤单元

Sandfiltrationunit-coarsefiltration砂过滤单元--粗过滤概述Overview1.膜：是指在一种流体相内或是在两种流体相之间有一层薄的凝聚相，它把流体相分隔为互不相通的两部分，并能使这两部分之间产生传质作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜过滤：是指利用特定材质的薄膜过滤掉液体（水）中的污染物或其他成分的过滤方法。膜过滤采用的是一种半透膜，它只允许特定的物质可通过薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.该工作单元侧重两点Thisworkunitfocusesontwopoints一是将饮用水中常用的固态物分离的固态物过滤过程oneisthesolidsfiltrationprocessthatseparatesthesolidscommonlyusedindrinkingwater过滤原理图概述Overview概述Overview实际上，

使用沙层，通过在一点点滴落的过程中进行深层过滤来滤出未溶物和悬浮污染物。

Ineffect,thesandlayerisusedtofilteroutundissolvedandsuspendedcontaminantsbydeepfiltrationinalittledripprocess.污染物滞留在沙层，沉积形成滤后沉淀。随着时间的推进，渗透性降低，沙层上方水位上升，并通过感应的方式记录下来。Contaminantsareretainedinthesandlayeranddepositedtoformpost-filtrationsedimentation.Astimeprogresses,permeabilitydecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerrisesandisrecordedbyinduction.传感器信号将入口关闭，并开始反流过程。在PC上通过附带的软件对过滤过程的参数化进行配置.Thesensorsignalclosestheinletandstartsthebackflowprocess.TheparameterizationofthefiltrationprocessisconfiguredonaPCviatheincludedsoftware.例如改变反流时间或调整净化空气压力，以粉碎滤后沉淀。含有粒度不同的石英砂砾的不同过滤层的结构，以及通过透明过滤外壳对清洁性能进行监视，属于特殊环节。Forexample,thebackflowtimeischangedorthepurgeairpressureisadjustedtocrushthepost-filtrationprecipitation.Thestructureofthedifferentfilterlayerscontainingquartzgravelswithdifferentparticlesizesandthemonitoringofthecleaningperformancebymeansoftransparentfilterhousingsarespecialaspects.二是污水处理技术Second,sewagetreatmenttechnology功能Function该工作单元专门针对饮用水和污水工程中固体分离方面经常采用的过滤方法。Thisworkingunitisspecificallydesignedforfiltrationmethodsoftenusedintheseparationofsolidsindrinkingwaterandwastewaterengineering.跟大自然一样，沙层用来在通过深层过滤渗透时截留住悬浮在水中的未溶解杂质。Likenature,thesandlayerisusedtotrapundissolvedimpuritiessuspendedinthewaterasitpercolatesthroughdeepfiltration.这些污染物附着在沙层中，形成滤饼。随着时间的推移，沙层的渗透性降低，沙层上方的水位增加，由传感器进行检测。传感器信号可以中断进水，然后开始反向冲洗过程。Thesecontaminantsadheretothesandlayerandformafiltercake.Overtime,thepermeabilityofthesandlayerdecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerincreases,whichisdetectedbysensors.Thesensorsignalcaninterruptthewaterintakeandthenstartthebackwashingprocess.过滤过程的参数设置是通过随软件在PC上进行的，例如：调整反向冲洗时间或用于分解滤饼的冲洗空气的压力设置。TheparametersofthefiltrationprocessaresetonthePCusingtheaccompanyingsoftware,e.g.toadjustthebackflushtimeorthepressuresettingoftheflushingairusedtobreakupthefiltercake.功能Function学习的一个重要内容是：介绍由不同颗粒大小的石英砂和石英砾石构成的过滤层，以及通过透明的外罩观察它们各自的清洁性能。Animportantpartofthestudyisthepresentationofthefilterlayersconsistingofquartzsandandquartzgravelofdifferentparticlesizesandtheobservationoftheirrespectivecleaningpropertiesthroughatransparentoutercover.功能Function主要包括：Mainlyincludes:水箱（地下水）1个，1Xwatertank(groundwater)沙滤装置1套，1setofsandfilteringdevice.净水箱1个，1Xwaterpurificationtank.反冲洗泵1个，1Xbackwashing

pump.PID控制界面两个2x

PIDcontrolinterfaces吸液装置1套（模拟污染物）1setofaspirationdevices

(simulatedcontaminants)EDS过滤整体介绍EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction它是一种控诉沙过滤装置，可以模拟快速沙滤、反冲洗过程。Itisacontrolv.sandfiltrationdevicethatcansimulatetherapidsandfiltrationandbackwashingprocess.EDS过滤整体介绍EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction前视图FrontViewEDS膜过滤的简介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration后视图Rearview定义：是指液体在强制通过多孔材料或滤床时，与固体悬浮物分离的过程。Definition:Itistheprocessofseparationofaliquidfromsuspendedsolidsasitisforcedthroughaporousmaterialorfilterbed.由于固体与液体密度相当，导致固体悬浮在液体中，而使用絮凝、浮选和沉淀都无法再去除的固体，可使用过滤的方法去除。Solidsthatcannolongerberemovedusingflocculation,flotationandsedimentationduetotheircomparabledensitytotheliquid,resultinginsolidssuspendedintheliquid,canberemovedusingfiltration.过滤是由过滤介质两侧的压差驱动。Filtrationisdrivenbythedifferentialpressurebetweenthetwosidesofthefiltermedia.过滤的分离机制基于过滤介质的空隙。Theseparationmechanismoffiltrationisbasedonthevoidsofthefiltermedia.过滤知识Filtrationknowledge表面过滤：膜过滤Surfacefiltration:membranefiltration深层过滤：沙过滤Deepfiltration:sandfiltration过滤一般分为表面过滤和深层过滤。Filtrationisgenerallydividedintosurfacefiltrationanddeepfiltration.过滤知识Filtrationknowledge过滤知识Filtrationknowledge过程特性慢速沙滤快速沙滤过滤速率0.05-0.3m/h5-15m/h介质直径0.3-0.45mm0.5-1.2mm床深0.9-1.5m0.6-1.8m氧含量3mg/l---成熟期几天时间15分钟-2小时预处理不需要混凝主要过滤机制滤除、生物活动深层过滤/滤除再生方法刮擦清洗反冲洗沙过滤装置是最常见的深层过滤。Sandfiltrationunitsarethemostcommontypeofdeepfiltration.沙滤装置除了石英砂材料外，还可能用到无烟煤、铁砂等。底部一般位砂砾支撑层，上方位为过滤介质（石英沙、无烟煤等）Sandfilterdevicemayuseanthracite,ironsand,etc.inadditiontoquartzsandmaterial.Thebottomisgenerallylocatedgravelsupportlayer,theupperorientationisfiltermedia(quartzsand,anthracite,etc.)沙过滤的分类：快速沙过滤、慢速沙过滤Classificationofsandfiltration:fastsandfiltration,slowsandfiltration过滤知识过滤知识Filtrationknowledge滤除：滤除或截留大于过滤介质孔隙的颗粒Filterout:filteroutorretainparticleslargerthantheporesofthefiltermedia截断：沿着水流线移动的颗粒在接触过滤介质表面时被去除Cut-off:particlesmovingalongthewaterflowlineareremovedwhentheycomeincontactwiththesurfaceofthefiltermedia惯性撞击：重颗粒不沿着水流线Inertialimpact:heavyparticlesdonotfollowthelineofwaterflow扩散：因为颗粒的布朗运动或随机运动Diffusion:becauseoftheBrownianorrandommotionoftheparticles快速沙滤装置的内在机制：Mechanismsinherentinrapidsandfiltrationdevices.过滤知识Filtrationknowledge流体动力学相互作用：（或粘附）颗粒-过滤层之间的相互作用Fluiddynamicsinteractions:(oradhesion)betweenparticles-filterlayerinteractions静电相互作用：（或吸附）因为颗粒或过滤介质的表面电荷静电力

示例-范德华力和库伦力Electrostaticinteractions:(oradsorption)becauseofelectrostaticforcesonthesurface

chargeofparticlesorfiltermediaExamples-VanderWaalsandCoulombforces沉淀：将溶液中的目的产物或主要杂质以无定形固相形式析出再进行分离的操作。Precipitation:Theoperationofprecipitatingthetargetproductormajorimpuritiesinsolutionintheformofanamorphoussolidphaseandthenseparatingthem.图为范德华力ThepictureisVanderWalik过滤知识Filtrationknowledge安装成本低Lowinstallationcost容易获得的过滤介质Easilyaccessiblefiltermedia能耗低Lowenergyconsumption易于操作和维护Easytooperateandmaintain流速比慢沙滤装置高出约40-100倍Flowratesareapproximately40-100timeshigherthanslowsandfilterunits无需其他化学品Noadditionalchemicalsrequired低维护成本Lowmaintenancecosts快速沙滤装置具有以下几个优点：Rapidsandfiltrationunitsofferseveraladvantages.过滤知识Filtrationknowledge反冲洗是指水流反向通过过滤介质以冲洗掉滞留固体的过程。Backwashingisthe