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Copyright©2020McGraw-HillEducation.Allrightsreserved.
NoreproductionordistributionwithoutthepriorwrittenonsentofMcGraw-HillEducation.
InternationalMarketing,18e(Cateora)
Chapter17PersonalSellingandSalesManagement
1)Thefirststepinmanagingasalesforceismakingadecisionregardingitsdesign.
2)Forsellinginrelationship-orientedcountries,asalesforceconsistingofAmericanexpatriatesprovestobemostefficient.
3)OnlyalimitednumberofAmericanhigh-calibersalespersonnelarewillingtoliveabroadforextendedperiodsoftimeasexpatriates.
4)Achiefdisadvantageofanexpatriatesalesforceisthehighcostforacompany.
5)Sinceexpatriatesarenotlocals,theyoftenhaveanegativeeffectontheprestigeofthecompanyanditsproductlineintheeyesofforeigncustomers.
6)Withadvancesincommunicationstechnologies,virtualexpatriatesfinditeasytomaintainclosecontactwithsubordinatesandcustomers.
7)Localsalespeoplearebetterabletoleadacompanythroughthemazeofunfamiliardistributionsystemsandreferralnetworksofaforeigncountry.
8)Themaindisadvantageofhiringlocalnationalsforaninternationalsalesforceisthetendencyofheadquarterspersonneltoignoretheiradvice.
9)Inrelationship-orientedcultures,salesrepresentativestendtobeonthebottomrungofthesocialladder.
10)ForanAmericancompany,oneofthedisadvantagesofrecruitingaU.S.home-countrynationalforaforeignsalesassignmentisthecostofdoubletaxation.
11)Thoughmaturityandemotionalstabilityareessential,thetransnationalmanagerisrarelyexpectedtohaveknowledgeofmanysubjects,eitheronoroffthejob.
12)Aninternationalsalespersoncanbehamperedbyflexibilitywhenworkinginaforeigncountryorinthehomecountry.
13)ThetraitsthatmakeforsuccessfulsalesrepresentativesintheUnitedStatesarethesameasthosethatareimportantinothercountriesaswell.
14)Inthecontextofinternationalsalesmanagement,managers'culturesaffecttheirpersonneldecisions.
15)Trainingforexpatriatesfocusesonthecompany,itsproducts,technicalinformation,andsellingmethods,whilethatforlocalpersonnelfocusesoncustomsandforeignsalesproblems.
16)Marketingisabusinessfunctionrequiringhighmotivationregardlessofthelocationofthepractitioner.
17)SocialrecognitionisamoreimportantmotivatingfactorforanAmericansalesrepresentativecomparedtoaJapanesesalesperson.
18)Japanesesalesrepresentativesaremotivatedmorebythesocialpressureoftheirpeersthanbytheprospectofmakingmoremoneyindividually.
19)IneasternEuropeancountries,compensationpackagestypicallyinvolveasubstantiallygreateremphasisonperformance-basedincentivesthanintheUnitedStates.
20)Differencesinlanguagesandculturecanmakemutualunderstandingbetweenforeignmanagersandsalesrepresentativesdifficult.
21)Expatriatemanagersfearthattheywillloseopportunitiesforpromotionbecausetheywillbeforgottenbythehomeofficewhiletheyareworkinginaforeigncountry.
22)Expatriatesworkinginhigh-taxcountriespreferdirectincomeinsteadoffringebenefitsaspartoftheircompensationpackage.
23)Separationallowancesarebenefitspaidwhenanexpatriatemanagerleavesacompany.
24)InEurope,externallaborunionsareinvolvedinsettingcompensationrulesforsalespeople.
25)IntheU.S.,poorperformerstypicallystaywiththecompanyandareseldomfired.
26)TheprimarycontroltoolusedbyAmericansalesmanagersisthebenefitssystem.
27)Jacob'swifenevergrewaccustomedtohisforeignassignmentandwasmiserable,soJacobrequestedamovebacktothehomecountry.Thisisacommonreasonforanexpatriate'sfailuretofunctioneffectivelyinaforeignassignment.
28)Personalcareerplanningfortheexpatriateisasignificantstrategythathelpscompaniespreventreturneeattrition.
29)Anexpatriatewithexcellentmanagementandtechnicalskillsissuretoexcelinanyenvironment,evenifheorshelacksanunderstandingofculturaldifferences.
30)Anexpatriatewithexcellentculturalskillsdoesnottolerateambiguityandupholdsthesuperiorityofhisorherculture.
31)Mostcompaniestodaylimittheirsearchforsenior-levelexecutivetalenttotheirhomecountries.
32)Whatisacompany'smostdirecttietothecustomer?
A)theproduct
B)thesalesperson
C)theparentcompany
D)theretailoutlet
E)thedistributor
33)Whatisthefinallinkinacompany'smarketingandsalesefforts?
A)thechairperson
B)themarketingmanager
C)thesalesrepresentative
D)thecustomer
E)thesalesmanager
34)Relationshipmarketingfocuseson
A)theshort-termeffort.
B)maintaininganatmosphereoftrustwiththesalesmanager.
C)involvingallmembersofthesalesteaminthesale.
D)treatingeachsaleasaone-timeevent.
E)buildinglong-termalliances.
35)CountriessuchasGermanyallowforgreateruseofexpatriatesininternationalsalesforces.Whatismostlikelythereasonforthis?
A)GermanyisamemberoftheWorldTradeOrganization.
B)Germanyhasarelationship-orientedculture.
C)TheGermanlanguageiseasytomaster.
D)Germanyhasaninformation-orientedculture.
E)GermanyisamemberoftheUnitedNations.
36)IncountrieslikeJapan,asalesforceislikelytobemosteffectiveifitconsistsmostlyof
A)professionalexpatriates.
B)localnationals.
C)virtualexpatriates.
D)third-worldnationals.
E)expatriatesfromAsiancountries.
37)AmultinationalcompanywithitsheadquartersintheU.S.wantstosellitsnewhigh-technologyproductinGermany.Forthemosteffectiveselling,thesalesforceforthiscompanywouldprobablyconsistmostlyof
A)localGermannationals.
B)illegalalienslivingintheUS.
C)temporary,freelancingGermansalespersonnel.
D)Americanexpatriates.
E)third-culturepeoplefromJapan.
38)Thelargestpersonnelrequirementinforeigncountriesformostcompaniesisinthe
A)managementteam.
B)financedepartment.
C)informationtechnologyteam.
D)humanresourcesdepartment.
E)salesteam.
39)Anexpatriatesalesforceislikelytobe
A)mostefficientinrelationship-basedcultures.
B)unsuitablewhenacompanywantstosellhigh-technologyproducts.
C)lackinginknowledgeregardingtheproductlineofthecompany.
D)receivedunfavorablyininformation-orientedcultures.
E)thebestchoicewhensellingrequiresanextensivebackgroundofinformation.
40)Whenisanexpatriatesalesforcemostlikelytohaveanadvantageoveranativesalesforce?
A)whensellingconsultingservices
B)whensellinginrelationship-orientedcountries
C)whentheproductcaterstoanichemarket
D)whentheproductishighlytechnicalinnature
E)whensellingdoesnotrequireeffectivecommunicationskills
41)Whatisanadvantageofasalesforceconsistingofexpatriatesalesrepresentatives?
A)Theypossessgreatertechnicaltraining.
B)Theytranscendculturalandlegalbarriers.
C)Theycostlesstobemaintainedinaforeignlocation.
D)Theculturalgapcanbeeasilynarrowed.
E)Theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdistributionchannels.
42)Whatisadisadvantageassociatedwithasalesforceconsistingofexpatriatesalespeople?
A)adverseeffectontheprestigeoftheproduct
B)inabilitytoeffectivelycommunicateandinfluenceheadquarters'personnel
C)lackoftechnologicalexpertise
D)inadequateknowledgeofthecompany
E)largeculturalbarriers
43)WhatisthemostlikelyreasonforAmericanstoseekthird-countrynationalsfortheirinternationalsalesforces?
A)Theytranscendlegalandculturalbarriers.
B)Theyarethoroughlyknowledgeableaboutacountry'sbusinessstructure.
C)Theyareoftenabletospeakseverallanguages.
D)Theycostlesstomaintainthanastaffoflocalnationals.
E)Theycanleadacompanybetterthroughunfamiliarreferralnetworksthanlocalnationals.
44)Whatisastrategythatinternationalcompaniesusetoencouragesalespersonneltoacceptforeignassignments?
A)Internationalexperienceisconsideredimportanttojointopmanagement.
B)Itismademandatoryforallsalespersonneltotakeupexpatriatepositions.
C)Partoftheheadquartersofthecompanyissetupattheforeignlocation.
D)Companiesunfailinglyprovideemploymentfortheemployee'sspouseinatopposition.
E)Legalobligationsareimposedontheexpatriatesalesrepresentatives.
45)Whatisacharacteristicofaprofessionalexpatriate?
A)Theyworkabroadforaperiodofonemonthandthenreturntothehomeoffice.
B)Theyworkforaforeigncompanyinathirdcountryforashortperiod.
C)Theyworkabroadincountryaftercountryforthegreaterpartoftheircareers.
D)Theyworkintheirhomebranchesformostoftheircareers.
E)Theymanageoperationsinothercountriesbutdonotmovethere.
46)Helmut,aGermannational,worksasasalesmanagerforGreyOilCorporationintheMiddleEast.Giventhebenefitsassociatedwiththejob,heworksononeforeignassignmentafteranotherandrarelyreturnstotheheadquartersinGermany.Inviewofthegiveninformation,wecansaythatHelmutisa
A)repatriatemanager.
B)virtualexpatriate.
C)third-countrynational.
D)professionalexpatriate.
E)nativesalesperson.
47)Whatbestdefinesvirtualexpatriates?
A)Theystayandworkabroadforashortperiodofonetotwomonthsandthenreturntotheirhomecountry.
B)Theyworkinaforeigncultureandblendtosuchanextentthattheymaymorecloselyresemblealocalthananexpatriate.
C)Theyworkabroadinonecountryafteranotherforthegreaterpartoftheircareer.
D)Theyareexpatriatesfromtheirowncountriesworkingforaforeigncompanyinathirdcountry.
E)Theymanageoperationsinforeigncountriesbutdonotmovethere.
48)Jorge,anAmericancitizen,worksasthesalesmanageratanofficesupplycompany.HeispostedatthecompanyheadquartersintheU.S.andmanagesoperationsinChina,makingfrequentandlengthyvisitstoconductbusinessmeetingswithhiscolleaguesthere.Jorgemaybeconsideredtobea
A)repatriate.
B)virtualexpatriate.
C)third-countrynational.
D)professionalexpatriate.
E)localsalesmanager.
49)Whatisanadvantageofbeingavirtualexpatriate?
A)Theycaneliminatetheproblemoftimezonedifferences.
B)Theycanestablishcloserrelationshipswiththeircustomersintheforeigncountry.
C)Theirfamiliesdonothavetobeuprootedfromtheirhomecountry.
D)Theypossesscompletelocalknowledgeaboutculturalpracticesintheforeigncountry.
E)Theycanavoidcross-culturalcommunicationsproblemswiththeirforeigncolleagues.
50)Fromaninternationalfirm'sperspective,whatisanadvantageassociatedwithvirtualassignments?
A)Salespersonnelcanavoidhealthrisksinvolvedinflyingfrequentlytoforeigncountries.
B)Customerrelationshipstructuresmaybeimprovedduetodirectcustomerinteraction.
C)Theextraexpenseinvolvedinanactualexecutivemovemaybeavoided.
D)Problemsrelatedtolowmoraleofpersonnelduetolivinginhotelscanbeavoided.
E)Misunderstandingsduetolackofculturalskillsmaybecompletelyeliminated.
51)HoratioisavirtualexpatriatebasedintheU.S.,managingoperationsinFranceandBelgiumforhiscompany.WhatdisadvantageofworkingasavirtualexpatriateisHoratiolikelytoexperience?
A)Hemayfinditdifficulttobuildclosecontactwithsubordinatesandcustomers.
B)Hisfamilywillneedtobeuprooted.
C)Hewillrisklosingoutonpromotionsatcorporateheadquarters.
D)Hewilllikelylacktheunderstandingofhowhome-officepoliticsinfluencedecisions.
E)Thetoppersonnelattheheadquarterswilltendtoignorehisadvice.
52)Theprimarydifferencebetweenprofessionalexpatriatesandvirtualexpatriatesisthat
A)professionalexpatriatescanavoidmisunderstandingsthatarisefromcross-culturalcommunications.
B)forvirtualexpatriates,buildingclosecontactwithcustomersismucheasier.
C)professionalexpatriatesdonotincuranyextraexpensetothecompany.
D)forvirtualexpatriates,establishingagoodworkingrelationshipwithsubordinatesismucheasier.
E)virtualexpatriatesworkfromtheirhomebranchanddonotrelocatetotheassignmentcountry.
53)Whenrecruitingsalesandmarketingpersonnelforaninternationalsalesforce,thereisapreferenceinfavorofthelocals.Thereasonforthisismostlikelythatlocalnationals
A)transcendbothculturalandlegalbarriers.
B)havesupremetechnologicalexpertise.
C)aremorehighlytrainedthanexpatriates.
D)haveabetterunderstandingofhome-officepolitics.
E)donotacceptbribes.
54)Whatisanadvantageofhiringlocalnationalsinthesalesforce?
A)Theyaremoreefficientincommunicatingwithandinfluencingheadquarters'personnel.
B)Theyaremoreknowledgeableaboutacountry'sbusinessstructureandsystems.
C)Theyaddtotheprestigeoftheproductlineintheeyesofforeigncustomers.
D)Theyarelikelytohavesuperiortechnicalexpertise.
E)Theydonotacceptanyformofbribe.
55)Whatisanadvantagethatasalesforceconsistingoflocalnationalsislikelytohaveoverasalesforceofexpatriates?
A)Theyaremoreefficientincommunicatingwithandinfluencingheadquarters'personnel.
B)Theycostthefirmlesstomaintain.
C)Theyaddmoretotheprestigeoftheproductlineintheeyesofforeigncustomers.
D)Theyhavegreatertechnicalexpertise.
E)Theyarelesslikelytoacceptanyformofbribe.
56)Whatisthemaindisadvantageofhiringlocalnationalsinthesalesforce?
A)Headquarterspersonneltendtoignoretheadviceoflocalnationals.
B)Mostlocalnationalsarecostlytomaintain.
C)Poachingofexperiencedpersonnelbycompetitorcompaniesincreases.
D)Culturaldifferencesleadtocommunicationissueswithcustomers.
E)Lackoffamiliaritywithdistributionsystemsandreferralnetworksplagueslocalnationals.
57)Whatismostlikelytobeareasonthatheadquarterspersonneltendtoignoretheadviceoflocalnationals?
A)Foreignnationalsarenotkeenonkeepingupwithcurrentbestpractices.
B)Foreignnationalslacktheunderstandingofhowhome-officepoliticswork.
C)Foreignnationalshaveagoodgraspofthelocalcultureandprevalentpractices.
D)Foreignnationalscannotbuildclosecontactwithsubordinatesandcustomers.
E)Foreignnationalshavesuperiortechnicalexpertise,butarenotgoodatrelationshipmanagement.
58)Whatistrueoflocalnationalswhoarehiredtosellacompany'sproducts?
A)Theyarenotkeenonmaintainingacordialrelationshipatthehomeoffice.
B)Theylacktheknowledgeoflocalcultureandprevalentpractices.
C)Theyarebetterabletoleadacompanythroughthemazeofunfamiliardistributionsystems.
D)Theydonotcommunicatewithsubordinatesandcustomersdirectly.
E)Theynormallyworkforaforeigncompanyinathirdcountry.
59)Inrelationship-orientedculturessuchasFrance,Mexico,andJapan,salesrepresentatives
A)areavailabletofillvacantpositionsperennially.
B)tendnottobehighlyrespected.
C)arebetterpaidthantheirU.S.counterparts.
D)lackproperknowledgeoftheirculture.
E)arerespectedandheldinhighesteem.
60)WhatisconsideredtobethemostcommonjobintheUnitedStatesdespitebeingviewednegatively?
A)governmentservice
B)attorney
C)officemanagement
D)personalselling
E)teaching
61)Expatriatesfromtheirowncountriesworkingforaforeigncompanyinanothercountryarecalled
A)virtualexpatriates.
B)nativesalespeople.
C)third-countrynationals.
D)professionalexpatriates.
E)localnationals.
62)DoreenisaFrenchcitizenwhohasbeenworkingforaU.S.companyinSpainfortwentyyears.Doreenmaybeconsideredtobea
A)virtualexpatriate.
B)nativesalesperson.
C)third-countrynational.
D)professionalexpatriate.
E)localnational.
63)Onefeatureofthird-countrynationalsis
A)U.S.firmshavetopaydoubletaxwhenhiringthem.
B)theyarelocalnationalswhoworkforaforeigncompany.
C)theyworkatthecompany'sheadquartersandarelocatedintheirhomecountry.
D)theymanagetheirforeignclientsandsubordinatesfromtheirhomecountry.
E)theirnationalityhaslittletodowithwheretheyworkorforwhom.
64)Whatisthemostimportantqualityofmarketingpersonnelforaforeignassignmentthatarecruitershouldconsider?
A)Theyshouldhavelittleculturalempathyasthismightdistractthemfromtheirmainpurpose.
B)Whenworkinginaforeigncountry,theymustbecapableofmakingdecisionsthatarenotinfluencedbythehabitsofthemarket.
C)Theyshouldbeabletorepresentaculturallysuperiorimageoftheircountryanditsproducts.
D)Theyshouldbehypersensitivetothebehavioralvariationsindifferentcountries.
E)Theyshouldpossessaconsiderablebreadthofknowledgeofmanysubjectsbothonandoffthejob.
65)Amarketerwhoexpectstobeeffectiveintheinternationalmarketplaceshould
A)beantagonistictowardothercultures.
B)notletthelocalcultureinfluencehisorherdecisions.
C)practiceculturalethnocentrism.
D)notletconsumerbehaviorinfluencemarketingdecisions.
E)haveapositiveoutlookonaninternationalassignment.
66)Culturalempathyinvolves
A)beingsubservienttoasuperiorculture.
B)understandinganothercultureandnotbeingantagonistic.
C)believingthatthepeopleofinferiorculturesshouldbeenlightened.
D)havingtheattitudethatone'sowncultureissuperiortoothers.
E)beingdissatisfiedwithone'sowncultureandadoptinganewculture.
67)Whenhiringnewpersonnelforinternationalmarketing,whatisconsideredtobethebestwaytoassessthetraitsnecessaryforsuccess?
A)paper-and-pencilabilitytests
B)interviewsandrole-playingexercises
C)biographicalinformation
D)referencechecks
E)calligraphyanalysis
68)Japanesesalesrepresentativestendtobemostsatisfiedwiththeirjobswhen
A)theirvaluesareconsistentwiththoseoftheircompany.
B)theyreceivehighsalariesandmanyperks.
C)theyarebettereducatedthantheircolleagues.
D)theirtechnologicalknowledgeissuperiortothatofothers.
E)theirideasthatdonotconformtothecompany'sgoalsarewell-received.
69)Whatismostlikelythereasonthatcontinualtrainingismoreimportantinforeignmarketsthanindomesticones?
A)slowadaptationofforeignmarketstoinnovativeproducts
B)technologicalinferiorityofdomesticproducts
C)theneedtoestablishthesuperiorityofdomesticcultures
D)lackoftechnicalknowledgeamongexpatriatesalespersons
E)lackofroutinecontactwiththeparentcompany
70)Thetrainingofforeignemployeesislikelytobemosteffectivewhen
A)itishandledbytrainerswhocommunicateinlanguagesalientotheemployees.
B)itistailoredtotheemployees'waysoflearningandcommunicating.
C)nationaldifferencesareignoredduringmotivationalsessions.
D)thesuperiorityoftheircultureisemphasizedoverothers.
E)itisdifferentfromthefamiliarwaysofcommunicating.
71)Whatislikelytobethemosteffectivemethodinmakinghome-officepersonnelawareoftheproblemsofforeignoperations?
A)providingcross-culturaltraining
B)designingatheoreticalcourse
C)conductingin-houseseminars
D)holdingcorporatevirtualrealitytraining
E)distributingmarketingreadingmaterials
72)JapaneseandAmericansalespersonsaresurprisinglysimilarexceptforonedifferencethatJapaneserateasmoreimportantthantheirAmericancounterparts.Identifythisdifference.
A)jobsecurity
B)promotion
C)jobsatisfaction
D)socialrecognition
E)personalgrowthanddevelopment
73)ConsideringthespecificcharacteristicsofJapan'sculture,whatstrategieswouldbemostsuccessfulinmotivatingemployeesinJapaneseorganizations?
A)individualcommissionsystems
B)groupbonussystems
C)companycars
D)birthdaygiftvouchers
E)bestemployeeawards
74)WhatisthemainreasonforthefailureofindividualincentivestomotivateemployeesinJapan?
A)society'semphasisonpaternalismandcollectivism
B)highcorruptionlevels
C)practiceofculturalchauvinism
D)ademocraticformofgovernment
E)encouragementofindividualism
75)Nontaxableperkssuchasacompanyvehiclegiventoanexpatriateisanexampleof
A)anoverseaspremium.
B)afamilycompensation.
C)aspecialassessment.
D)afringebenefit.
E)aseparationallowance.
76)Claudiaisbeingtransferredtoaforeignassignmentthatwilllast3months.Herfamilyisnotaccompanyingher,sothecompanyispayingherapremium,whichiscalleda
A)fringebenefit.
B)pensionplan.
C)displacementreserve.
D)specialassessment.
E)separationallowance.
77)WhatisactivelyinvolvedinsettingrulesaboutcompensationcompanywideinEurope?
A)pensioncommittees
B)workcouncils
C)externallaborunions
D)theEuropeanUnion
E)theWorldTradeOrganization
78)Asurveyshowedthatmostcompaniesestablishsalescompensationpracticeslocally(eitheratthecountryorregionallevels).Theprogramelementmostoftendeterminedatthegloballevelis
A)ProgramDesignPrinciples.
B)PayMix.
C)JobGrades.
D)FormulaMechanics.
E)PerformanceMeasures.
79)Whatstrategyshouldbepracticedwhendeterminingcompensationglobally?
A)Asimilarframeworkshouldbecreatedforjobswithdifferentresponsibilities.
B)Thesupportofseniorsalesexecutivesshouldnotbesoughtbeforetakingaction.
C)Localmanagersshouldnotdecidethemixbetweenbaseandincentivepay.
D)Consistentcommunicationandtrainingthemesshouldbeusedworldwide.
E)Theincentiveplanshouldbedesignedcentrallyanddictatedtolocaloffices.
80)UnliketheJapanese,theAmericansalesmanagershavelessneedtoworryabouttheproblemofmotivatingpoorperformers.Whatisthereasonforthis?
A)Thegroupincentivesystembalancespaydifferencesandthusismotivatingenough.
B)Companiesaremorefocusedonlong-termloyaltyandarewillingtocompromiseonperformanceinitially.
C)Salespersonnelareshiftedtoareaswheretheirperformancelevelscanmeetexpectations.
D)Thebasepaythatishigherthantheirperformancebasedincentivemotivatesthem.
E)Theteamusuallydoesnothaveanylowperformersastheyeitherquitorarefired.
81)Whatpractice,withrespecttomotivatingsalespersonnel,ismostcommoninrelationship-orientedcountrieslikeJapan?
A)Companieslaygreateremphasisonincentivesthatarebasedonindividualperformance.
B)Companiesdonotallowlocalmanagerstodecidethemixbetweenbaseandincentivepay.
C)Commissionsaremeasuredbysalesrevenuesgeneratedbyeachemployee.
D)Companiesarenotverytolerantofpoorperformersandfirethemimmediately.
E)Companiesmotivatesalesrepresentativesthroughfrequentinteractionwithsupervisors.
82)TheprimarycontroltoolusedbyAmericansalesmanagerswithsalesrepresentativesisthe
A)encumbrancesystem.
B)quotasystem.
C)incentivesystem.
D)attractionofaforeignassignment.
E)threatofforeignpostings.
83)Qualifiedandambitioussalespersonnelrefusetotakeupforeignassignmentsforfearofhamperingtheircareerdevelopment.This"outofsight,outofmind"fearismostcloselylinkedtotheproblemsof
A)conflictofinterests.
B)acculturation.
C)skillredundancy.
D)naturalization.
E)repatriation.
84)WhenSandrawasofferedatransfertotheLondonofficefromNewYork,sheworriedthatshewouldmissoutonopportunitiesintheNewYorkofficewhenshereturnedbecauseshehadn'tbeenthere.Thisisacommonproblemwith
A)conflictofinterests.
B)acculturation.
C)skillredundancy.
D)repatriation.
E)assimilation.
85)Whatislikelythesinglemostimportantreasonforexpatriatedissatisfaction?
A)unsuccessfulfamilyadjustment
B)culturalconflictintheforeigncountry
C)noncooperationofforeigncolleagues
D)c
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