（中考英语分项复习）9动词-2024年中考英语专项复习

动词

动词的分类

分类法种类例词

及物动词play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak

实义动词

不及物动词go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look

助动词do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has

按句法作用分类

can,CDuld,must,haveto,may,might,will,

情态动词

should,shall

become,get,turn,look,smel1,sound,smell,

系动词

feel,remain,stay

持续性动词read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase

动态动词

按词汇意义分类瞬息性动词jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy

allow,need,order,prefer,require,ask,mind,

状态动词

advice

1.及物动词

及物动词后可直接接宾语，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、双宾语的及物动词、宾语补足

语的及物动词.

(1)常见跟单宾语的及物动词：catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,

grow,borrow,put,forget,love,worry...

Eg：Don,tbreaktherules.

Wearcgoingtodiscussthetopicingroups.

Iborrowapenfromastranger.

Putthebananasintheblender.

(2)间接宾语前可加to或for的及物动词：give,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,

read,sing,draw,make,choose,cook...

Eg：Myfatherboughtabikeformeasapresent.

MissLiofferedsomepicturestous.

(3)间接宾语一定要放在在接宾语前的及物动词：ask,cost...

Eg：Thedoctoraskedmesomequestions.

Itcostsmotwentydollars.

(4)常见跟宾语补足语的及物动词

①名词作宾语补足语：call,consider,name,make...

Eg：RobinsonnamedthemanFriday.

②形容词作宾语补足语：make,find,believe,keep...

Eg：Asadmoviemakesmeunhappy.

③分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make,have...

Eg：Ilovetowaitchthemonkeysclimbingaround.

Lilyhasherhaircut.

④带to的不定式作宾语补足语：advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,

invite,allow,encourage,remind,require...

Eg：Myparentsrequiredmetocleanmyroom.

TheyinvitedMr.Blacktotakepartinthegame.

⑤不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...

Eg：Isawhimwalkintothehall.

Thefunnymoviemakespeoplelaugh.

2.不及物动词

不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，大多数动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，纯不及物动词

很少，常见纯不及物动词有：arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...

Eg：Wearrivedatthesciencemuseumat8：30thismorning.

Thepolicehappenedtoknowthetruth.

3.助动词

助动词本身没有意义，不隹单独作谓语，只能用来帮助主动词构成各种时态、语态、否定式

和疑问式等.基木助动词有be,do,have,willshall

(1)be的用法

①与现在分词连用构成各种进行时态

Eg：Look!Somebaysareplayingbasketball.

Theyworehavingdinnerwhentheearthquakehappened.

②与过去分词连用构成被动语态

Eg：Studentsarcrequiredtohaveadiscussion.

Thebuildingisnamedafterafamousscientist.

③与带to的不定式构成复合谓语

Eg；Ifwearetowinthegame,wemusttryourbest.

⑵do的用法

①帮助构成一般现在时态和过去时的否定式和疑问式

Eg：Shedoesn'tlikeeatingcarrots.

Doyouwanttobeanactor?

②用于加强语气

Eg：Idobelieveyou.

③用于代替前面出现过的动词，以免重复

Eg：Idicin'twatchTVlastnight,butmybrotherdid.

⑶have的用法

与过去分词连用构成完成时

Eg：Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.

Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?

Shehas1ivedhereforovertwentyyears.

Herealizedthathehadlefthiskeysathome.

(4)willswould、shalRshould的用法

will、shall构成一般将来时,would、should构成过去将来时;shall、should主要用

于第一人称,will、would可用于各种人称

Eg：Hewillreachtheairportinhalfanhour.

Cindysaidshewou1dmakeherdreamcometrue.

IshallpayavisittoEuropethissummer.

Iwastoldthatweshouldfixupthemachine.

Samwasinformedthatheshouldn*ttouchanythingintheroom.

Itwon'traintomorrow.

4.情态动词

情态动词木身有各种含义，不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形连用构成谓语，表示说话人的语

气、情绪或态度.情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化.

(1)can和could

①表示能力,意为”会,能够”，can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力

Eg：Hecansing.

Hecouldplaytheguitarwhenhewasyoung.

②表示推测，意为“可能”

Eg：Sheisonbusiness,soshecan,tbeathome.

③表示请求、允许、建议，意为“可以“，could比can的语气更加委婉、礼貌

Eg：Cou1dyouhelpmewithmath?Sorry,1canrt.I'mbusypreparing

forthetest.

-CouldIuseyourcomputer?-Ofcourse,youcan.

Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.

⑵must和haveto

must只有一种时态形式;haveto可用于多种时态,其否定式和疑问式都要借助助动词

构成.

①表示必须：must强调主观意愿，而haveI。强调客观上的必要性，意为“不得不”

Eg：Youmustfollowthelaws.

Youdon,thavetostayuplate.

②must可以表示推测，且把握较大

Eg：Themanovertheremustbeournewteacher.

(3)may和might

①表示推测，意为“可能”，可能性的大小关系为：must>can>may>might

Eg：Bi11ymay/mightbeinthelibrary.I,mnotsure.

②表示请求、允许，意为“可以“，might比may的语气更加委婉、礼貌

Eg：―May/MightItakearest?

-Yes,youcan.

(4)shall

①表示询问意见，用于一、三人称的疑问句中

Eg：ShallItakeitoff?

②表示决心、许诺、警告、威胁或命令，用于第一、二、三各人称的肯定句中

Eg：Nothingshallpreventusfromprotectingtheenvironment.

Youshal1bepunishedifyoubreaktheruleagain.

③表示规定或义务

Eg：Thenewlawshallbecarriedoutnextmonth.

(5)should

①表示义务、责任

Eg：Weshou1dnevergiveupourdreams.

Adultsshouldtakecareoftheyouth.

②表示推测

Eg：ItshouldbeDoctorLi'scellphone.

(6)need

①作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，对疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答

用needn't,意为"不必”；没有人称、数和时态的变化

Eg：Youneedn'tbeafraidofthispuppy.

Heneedfinishthetasktoday.

②作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，后跟名词、代词和不带I。的不定式等

Eg：Theydon'tneedtocometoschoolonweekends.

Littlebabiesneedtheirparents.

(7)will和would

没有人称和数的变化

①表示意愿、愿望:意为“愿意”

Eg：Agoodfriendistheonewhowillhelpyouwhenyou*reintrouble.

liewillpickmeuptotheparty.

Themanwouldn*tlethischildrendochores.

②表示倾向、习惯，意为“总是"

Eg：YouwillalwaysdotheoppositeofwhatItellyou.

Waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.

③表示猜测，意为"可能、大概”

Eg：Theladyyoutalkedwithwouldbeyoursister.

④用于第二人称的疑问句时，表示客气的请求,would比will的语气更委婉

Eg：Wouldyoupassthepapertome?

(8)hadbetter

可当做情态动词使用,后接动词原形,无人称,时态和数的变化，意为“最好……”，否

定形式为hadbettornot,疑问句将had移到句首

Eg：You'dbetterhandinyourpaperbeforeFriday.

You*dbetternottellhimthenews.

HadIbetternottel1himthenews?

5.系动词

(1)表示状态的be动词：am,is,are,was,were

Eg：I'mgladtomeetyou.

(2)感官动词：feel,sound,smell,hear,seem,taste...

Eg：Thecaketastesgood.

Hismothersaidthatshefeltbetter.

(3)表示保持状态：keep,stay,remain

Eg：Tokeepfit,weshoulddosomeexerciseeveryday.

(4)表示状态变化：become,go,grow...

Eg：Theroombecamecrowed.

Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.

（5）表示变化结果：get,prove,turn...

Eg：Whenmysongetsolder,hewantstobeamusician.

6.持续性动词和瞬息性动词

持续性动词表示可持续的动作或状态，瞬息性动词表示短暂行为或事件的动词

①持续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是瞬息性动词不可以

Eg：Ihavehadthisbikeforthreeyears.

Youcankeepthebookforsevendays.

②瞬息性动词的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用

Eg：Thestormhasn,tstoppedsincetwohoursago.

动词的形式

1.动词的第三人称单数形式（用于构成一般现在时）

规则动词原形第三人称单数形式

一般在词尾加-Splayplays

fixes,finishes,watches,

以/s/、/S/、/If/音素结尾fix,finish,watch,gn

或以-。结尾的动词，加-esgoes

以"辅音字母+y”结尾的动

studystudies

词，去y加-ies

2.动词的现在分词形式（主要用于构成进行时）

规则动词原形-ing形式

一般直接在词尾加-ingworkworking

以不发音的e结尾，去掉e

rideriding

再加-ing

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只

有一个辅音字母的动词，耍

stopstopping

双写最后一个辅音字母再加

-ing

少数以-ie结尾的动词，先变

die,tie,liedying,tying,lying

ie为y,再加-ing

以-ee,-ye等结尾的动词，

see,eyeseeing,eyeing

直接加-ing

3.动词的过去式和过去分词形式（过去式主要用于构成各种一般过去时，过去分词主要用

来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态）

规则动词

规则动词原形过去式过去分词

一般直接加-edwatchwatchedwatched

以-e结尾,加-dlovelovedloved

以"辅音字母+y”结尾，去y加-

crycriedcried

ied

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个

辅音字母的动词,要双写最后一个planplannedplanned

辅音字母再加-ed

不规则动词

动词原形过去式过去分词

Be(am,is,are)was,werebeen

beginbeganbegun

breakbrokebroken

givegavegiven

speakspokespoken

drivedrovedriven

rideroderidden

writewrotewi'itten

buyboughtbought

feelfeltfelt

spellspeltspelt

putputput

cutcutcut

costcostcost

read/ri：d/read/red/read/red/

sellsoldsold

telltoldtold

spendspentspent

sendsentsent

growgrewgrown

throwthrewthrown

lied（说谎）lied（说谎）

lie

lay(18)lain(躺)

短语动词

1.动词+介词

arrivein/ataskforlookafterlookatlookforlistento

waitfordependonjoinintalkto/withshoutat/to

2.动词+副词

breakdownbreakoutbreakupturnonturnoffturnupturn

downgiveupgiveawaygiveinputupputonputawaypick

upstayup

3.动词+副词+介词

comeupwithlookforwardtorunoutofgetalongwithputup

with

4.动词+名词

takecaretakeplacemakethebedloseheartloseweightmake

adifferencemakefriendshavefun

5.动词+名词+介词

takepartintakeprideintakeplaceoftakechargeofpay

attentionto

makeone,swayto

6.动词+形容词

makesurecometruekeepfitstayhealthfeelsadsoundgood

smellbad

练习：

1.-Khat'sthematterwithDanie]?Heisn'tatschooltoday.

-Hisarmshurt.Hewas______byacarthismorning.

A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured

2.Muniismakinglunch.11sonice!

AsmellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds

3.Therewassomethingwrongwiththephono.Wecouldn,teachother

clearly.

AlistenB.soundC.hearD.speak

4.You'dbetterthetestpaperbeforehandingitin.

A.goaheadB.goonC.gooffD.goover

5.Moreandmoreteenagersinthecountrysideare______theirhometownsatan

earlyagetolookforworkinthecities.

A.goingtoB.leavingC.beginningD.comingto

6.-Doyouthinkourbasketballteamwillwinthematch?

-Yes,wehavebetterplayers.SoIthemtowin.

A.hopeB.helpC.expectD.wish

7.Shemyinvitationbecauseshehadtohelphe