Unit2 知识点以及同步练习 学案 人教版英语八年级上册

Unit2知识点和同步练习SectionA知识讲解1．exercise的用法1）exercise可以作动词，意为“锻炼”2）可以作名词，意为“运动，锻炼”，为不可数名词doexercise=takeexercise做锻炼，做运动3）意为“习题，体操”时为可数名词，常和动词do搭配使用，且作“体操”讲时多用复数形式。domorningexercises做早操，doeyeexercises做眼保健操2.helpwithhousework帮助做家务1）helpwithsth.意为“帮助做某事”2）helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事●Ioftenhelphim______hisEnglish.=Ioftenhelphim__________English. 3）withone’shelp=withthehelpofsb在某人的帮助下●Ipasstheexam__________myteacher’shelp.=Ican’tpasstheexam__________myteacher’shelp.【拓展】①helponeselfto…请随便吃/喝···②can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事●③helpout帮助…解决困难,帮助…对付注意：housework意为“家务劳动”，homework为家庭作业，都是不可数名词3.sometimes有时：辨析：sometimes，sometimes，sometime，sometimesometimes频度副词有时，偶尔提问howoftensometimes名词短语几次；几倍提问howmanytimessometime副词某个时间段提问whensometime名词短语一段时间提问howlong口诀记忆：分开是“一段”，相连是“某时”；分开s是“几次”，相连“s”是有时。4.hardlyever几乎不比较：hard、hardly和hardlyever1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”，位于动词之后。2）hardly副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后。3）hardlyever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almostnot,seldom。练一练：①Thereis____________foodleft.几乎没有食物剩下。②He____________.他几乎不工作。③He____________.他工作努力。④Itrained______thismorning.今天早上雨下得大。拓展：常见的频率副词有always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly_ever，never与疑问词howoften对应。表示的频率由always向never递减。在句中位于实意动词之前，情态动词(can等)、助动词(do等)、连系动词(be等)之后。但sometimes也可在句首。●SometimesIgotoschoolbybike.5.howoften多久一次意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率提问。回答可用once/twice/threetimesaday(一天一/两/三次)，everyday(每天)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，veryoften(经常)等。词语词义用法答语特征howlong多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间howoften多久一次询问动作的频率often,twiceaweek等howsoon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间howfar多远询问距离多远tenminutes’walk/fivekilometershowmany多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数howmuch多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱-isitfromthevillagetoyourfarm?-About10minutes’walk.-areyouleavingforBeijing?-Inafewdays.-doyouwatchTVeveryday?-Maybe1hour.-doyouhelpwithhousework?-Everyday.-isthetree?-About300yearsold.-doyouhavedanceandpianolessons?-Maybeeverytwoweeks.-houseworkdoyoudoeveryday?-Justalittle.-programsdidyouwatch?-Three.-aretheapples?-Tenyuan.6.free意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词busy。befree意为“闲着，有空”，相当于havetime●Heisfreenow.=He____________now.他现在有空。拓展：free还可译为“免费的,自由的”befreetodosth.自由地做某事●Theticketsarefree.票是免费的。7．quitefull很忙，相当忙.1）adj.full还可译为“满的，充满的”。反义词是empty，意为“空的”。拓展：AbefullofB.=AbefillwithB;A中充满了B。练一练：Thehallis_______people.A.fillwithB.fullwithC.filledofD.filledwith2）fulladj.“饱的”。其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”。8．maybe“也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。辨析：maybe和maybemaybe“也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）相当于另一副词perhapsMaybeyouareright.也许你是对的。MaybeheknowsTom.也许他认识Tom。maybe“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）Youmayberight.你也许是对的。①LilyanEnglishteacher.Lily可能是一名英语老师。=_________________________②—WhereisMike?—________heisintheclassroom.A．MustB．MaybeC．MayD．Maybe9.look、see、watch和read辨析：1）look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，着重_______=havealookat2）see着重_______，即“看到，看见”。3）read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”为“读”。4）watch着重_______也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中,还表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。Howcome？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why,但howcome开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。●HowcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?SectionA练习一、单项选择()1.-doyouplayfootball?-Onceaweek.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howoften()2．—Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?

—Itwasterrible.Itrainedso____thatpeoplecould____goout.A．hardly;hardB．hardly;hardly C．hard;hardly D．hard;hard()3．—Don’t________toolate.Youwillfeeltiredinclass.—Iwon’t,Mum.A．callup B．wakeup C．stayup D．getup()4．─__________doyourfamilytakeavacationeveryyear？─Threetimes.A．Howmanytimes B．Howoften C．Howsoon D．Howlong()5.—______sheisateacher.—Idon’tthinkso.Ithinkshe___adoctorbecauseIsawherinthehospitallastweek.A.Maybe;maybeB.Maybe;maybeC.Maybe;maybeD.Maybe;maybe()6.Themanisveryold.Ithinkheis________90yearsold.A．atlastB．atleastC．lessthanD.atmost()7.-Mom,Ican’tcarrythebox.It_____sand（沙）.Itistooheavy-Don’tworry,dear.Iwillhelpyousoon.A．isfullofB.isinterestedinC.isgoodwithD.isafraidof()8.-Barcelonalostthebasketballgamelastnight.-_____Itisunbelievable(难以置信的）.Theyalwayswin.Howcome?B.NevermindCIcan’tagreemore.D.That’scommon.()9.---_______doyousleepeveryevening?---About8hours.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon()10.—Doyouoftengotothegym?—No,__________.Idon’tlikesportsatall.A.alwaysB.neverC.sometimesD.usually()11.Icould______hardlyhearwhatyousaidjustnow.Couldyoupleasesayitagain?A.sometimesB.alwaysC.hardlyD.clearly()12.—_________?—Igoshopping.A.WhendoyougoshoppingB.HowoftendoyougoshoppingC.HowlongdoyougoshoppingonweekendsD.Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子。1.Wecaneasilyfindsomeusefulinformationaboutitonthe_____________(因特网).2.The__________(摆动)oftheshipmademanypeopleseasick(晕船).3.Peterdoesn’tfeelwell._________(或许)heatetoomuchjustnow.4.Stevegoestothemovieswithhiscousinat__________(最少的)twiceamonth.5.Aliceoftenhelpshermotherwithsome______________(家务活).6.AnimalWorldismyfavoritep_____________.Whataboutyours?7.Sallyoftengoestothemovieswithherparentsonw______________.8.Mikeusuallydoeshishomeworkathome,buts________________hedoesitatschool.9.Mr.Greenwatchesmovies______________(两次）aweek.10.AnimalWorldismyfavorite___________(节目）11.Tomorrowisquitef_________(忙的)forme.Ican’tgoshoppingwithyou.三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Mike,youneedtosleepat_________(little)eighthourseverynight.2.Wedomorning_____________(exercise)everyday.3.ThetwinscanwatchTVthree_____________(time)aweek.4.Wouldyoulikedosome____________(shop)onSaturdaymorning?5.He__________(usual)goestothelibraryonweekends.6.Thisisa___________(hard)question.Ican____________(hard)answerit.7.MarkusuallywatchesTV_____________(two)aweek.8.Alotofvegetableshelpyou______________(keep)ingoodhealth.9.Hishead__________(swing)whenhewalked.10.Howabout____________(swing)onarope?It’sfun.11.Sheoften________(help)hermotherdohousework.12He_______(go)shoppingonceaweek.13Howoften_______(do)Tom________(do)hishomework?四、翻译1．大多数学生常在周末打篮球。______studentsusuallyplaybasketball___________.2．你正在学习哪种舞蹈？________________________danceareyoulearning?3．这些天露西忙着学跳摇摆舞。Lucy________________________swingdancethesedays.4．彼得几乎从不吃鸡蛋，他一点都不喜欢它们。Peter_____________eatseggs.Hedoesn'tlikethematall.5．蒂娜没有做好，但至少她竭尽全力了。Tinadidn'tdoitwell,but________________shetriedherbest.他可能是个科学家。_______he______ascientist./He______________ascientist.7不要熬夜，因为你明天得早起。否则我得把你叫醒。Don’t_____________becauseyouhaveto___________earlytomorrow,orIhaveto_____you______.8.对我来说，下周相当忙.Nextweek_____________forme.SectionB知识讲解1.Herearetheresults.这是（调查）结果。here位于句首，句子要倒装。Hereis+单数名词;Hereare+复数findv.发现；找到1）find+宾语+名词●Wefindhimagoodboy.我们发现他是个好孩子。2）find+宾语+形容词●Hefoundtheroomdirty.我们发现房间很脏。3）find+宾语+现在分词●Ifoundhersingingunderthetree.我们发现她正在树下唱歌。拓展：①lookfor也有“_”的意思，通常强调“找”的_。②find动词，意为“”，通常强调“找”的。③findout意为“_”，多指通过调查、打听或研究之后搞清楚或弄明白。percent百分之…构成：基数词+percent，常用“数词＋percentof＋名词”，这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看percentof后跟的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语应该用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语应该用单数。●Thirtypercentofthestudents______(like)watchinggameshows.●70percentofwater_______(be)saltywater(盐水)。surprisedadj.惊奇的，感到意外的1）besurprisedatsb./sth./doingsth.对…感到惊奇2）besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶besurprisedthat+从句.因…而感到惊讶【拓展】surprising令人惊讶的toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地；吃惊地让他吃惊地是，他获得了第一名.___________________,hegotthefirstprize.他吃惊90％的学生每天都看电视。He_____________________ninetypercentofthestudentswatchTVeveryday.这个令人吃惊的消息让每一个人都感到吃惊。The_______newsmadeeverybody________.他吃惊地的看着我，一言不发。Helookedatme__________________withoutanyword.theanswerstoquestions问题的答案thewaytosp去某地的路thekeytothedoor门的钥匙thekeytosuccess成功的秘诀although“虽然，尽管”。although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but;and;so等连用，但可以和yet;still等词连用。①________itrained，theboysstillplayedoutside.=Itrained，___________theboysstillplayedoutside.②AlthoughIgetupearly,Ican’tcatchtheearlybus.=Igetupearly,butIcan’tcatchtheearlybus.【拓展】在asthough好像，似，eventhough即使7.It’s+adj+（forsb.）+todosth.意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。1）It's＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.当形容词修饰todosth.时，用介词for，句中形容词是用来说明todosth.的●It’snecessaryforustoeatmorefruitandvegetables.对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。2）It's＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.当形容词修饰sb.时，应用介词of句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb.构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。，●It’sverykindofyoutohelpus.你能帮助我们真是太好了。练一练：①Itisveryimportantforus_______Englishwell.②It’sverynice___you_______myparentsyourbestwishes.8.byprep.通过…方式1）后常加工具或v-ing,(bydoingsth.通过做某事)●Ioftenrelaxbylisteningtomusic.我经常通过听音乐来放松。by+交通工具乘….●Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.我通常乘公交车去上学。by+时间到…..时（为止）●YoumusthandinyourhomeworkbyFriday.你必须星期五之前交作业。4）by+地点在…..旁边【拓展】①through和by的区别through后常加名词表示手段媒介，以；凭借；穿过throughexercise通过锻炼;by后常加工具或v-ing②through，across，overthrough意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。across意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。over意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。suchas例如；像…这样，后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing形式。●Ihavealotofhobbies,suchas__________and___________.我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。拓展：1）suchadj.&pron.这样的；那样的；类似的；作形容词时，其后修饰名词。2）such和so二者都有“如此；such用来修饰名词，so用来修饰形容词或副词。①such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)②such＋adj.＋n.(复数/不可数名词)③so＋adj./adv.④so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)⑤so＋many/few/much/little＋n.(复数/不可数名词)辨析：spend,take,cost,pay1）spend，主语是人，意为“度过”或“花费（时间、金钱）”spendtime\moneyonsth.在...上花费时间或金钱.=spendtime\money(in)doingsth.花费时间或金钱做某事●Don’tspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV.=Don’tspendtoomuchtimeTV.2）take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法：Ittakessb.＋时间/金钱＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间3）cost的主语是物，sth.costssb.＋金钱/时间某物花了某人多少钱4）pay的主语是人，付钱pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买……payforsth.付……的钱。paysb.付钱给某人。die是动词，意为“死亡”，是短暂性动作，常用于过去时中，过去式为died。【拓展】die有多个变形词：词条词性词义所作成分用法dead形容词死了的，无生命的表语、定语可以与段时间连用die动词死，死亡谓语不能与段时间连用death名词死亡，去世主语、宾语dying形容词垂死的，即将死去的表语、定语●Thetreeis.这棵树死了。●Shelookedathercatsadly.她伤心地看着她死去的猫。●Mygrandpatwoyearsago.我爷爷两年前去世了。●Thefishwillwithoutwater.鱼离开水会死去。●Caraccidentshavecausedalotof.车祸造成很多人死亡。●Thedoctorshavesavedtheman.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。however“然而，不过”。too常用于肯定句，句尾，一般有逗号also一般位于句中either常用于否定句，位于句末，一般有逗号however副词，用逗号隔开but但是，连词表示转折morethan相当于over，意为“超过，多余”。lessthan意为“不到，少于”。其反义词为morethan\over“多余，超过”health为名词，意为“健康”，形容形式healthy，意为“健康的”。unhealthy“不健康的，是healthy的反义词。healthily是“健康地”，是副词。在名词词尾加y构成形容词，类似的词还有：rain—rainy雨—下雨的sun—sunny太阳—晴朗的luck—lucky幸运—幸运的wind—windy风—刮风的afraid形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。1）beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事；●Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.一些孩子怕黑。2）beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事。●Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.不要害怕问问题。3）beafraidtodosth害怕做某事●Don'tbeafraidtodoanythingwrong.不要害怕做错事情。4）I’mafraid+从句，恐怕，担心●I’mafraidIhavetogonow.我恐怕不得不离开了。16.none和noone区别nonenoone没有人既可指人，又可指物只能指人可单独使用，也可以noneof+sth，谓语动词可单可复单独使用，不与of连用常用于howmany/much的回答用于who的回答()2.----Didanyoneinyourclassdoanythingfunlastweekend?----No,____ofusdid.BecausewehadtostudyforthemathtestonMonday.A.noneB.bothC.eachD.all()3._______enjoyssuchmusicinmyfamily.It'stoonoisy.A.NoneB.AllC.NooneD.Both1.-Whoareyouspeakingto?_____________.2.-Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?________17.辨析：begoodfor,begoodat,begoodwith与begoodto①begoodfor意为“对……有好处”。其反义词组为bebadfor，意为“对……有害”。其中for为介词，后接名词或代词。②begoodat（doingsth）.…“擅长……”相当于dowellin..③begoodwith(sb.)=getalongwellwith(sb.)“与（某人）相处得好”。④begoodto(sb.)=bekind/friendlyto(sb.)“对（某入）友好”。Tomisgoodatmath=Tom____________________math.MyEnglishteacherisgoodtous=MyEnglishteacher____________________us.Areyougoodwithyouoldpeople?=_____you_____along_________oldpeople?7、Walkinginthemorning________yourhealth.A.aregoodforB.isgoodforC.isgoodatSectionB练习一、单项选择()1．_____itwasverycold,_____myfriendstillwentswimminginJialingRiverthismorning.A．Although;but B．Although;/C．But;although D．/;although()2．Itwas_________lovelyweather_______wedecidedtospendthedayonthebeach.A.sucha;thatB.such;thatC.such;asD.so;that()3.Myparentsoftenaskme__toomuchtime__computergames.A．nottospend,playingB.nottospend,toplayC．tonotspend,playD.notspend,play()4.DidyoufindtheanswerthequestionaboutTVveryinteresting?A.to,watchingB,of,watchingC.to，watchedD.of,watched()5.--WhenwasShenzhou-10sentintospace?______theafternoonofJune11,2013.A.At B.On C.In D.For()6.It’sgoodtolearnEnglishby_____Englishprograms.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.watched()7.Inthefactory,_________theworkers_______fromthecountry. A.percentfortyof,areB.percentsforty,isC.fortypercentof,areD.fortypercents,is()8.Mr.Ligoestohishometown________ayear.A.oneortwoB.onceortwoC.oneortwiceD.onceortwice().9JillisstudentinNo2HighSchool.A.an18-years-oldB.an18yearsoldC.a18-year-oldD.an18-year-old()9.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.ate二、单词适当形式填空1.Tokeephealthy,Idecide_________(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.2.Hisparentsdon'twanthim_________(play)computergamesonweekends.3．Ilovesportssuchas__________(play)soccer.4．Agoodway__________(keep)healthyisthroughexercise.5.It'sgoodforour__________（健康）todrinkmilkeveryday.6.Jack’smothermakesJackspendfortyminutes__________(read)books.7.IliketolearnEnglishby__________(watch)Englishmovies.8.Iam_