7-汉语无主句的英译

中译外—汉语无主句的英译

howtotranslateChinesesentenceswithnosubjectintoEnglish汉语和英语的差异之一：汉语爱用无主句，它在任何语言环境里都能表达完整明确的意思英语句子一般要有主语TIPS:翻译成英语被动式采用Itisv-edthat从句形式直接被动2.增加主语根据上下文增加主语增加one,you,we,they,people等作主语1.采用Itisv-edthat从句形式1)直升机飞抵映秀镇上空时，可以看见整个镇子几乎变成了一片废墟。直升机helicopter飞抵…上空

arriveabovethetown/cityoffly/passoverthetown/cityof废墟ruins

shambles遭严重破坏的地方；凌乱的景象

wasteland[u,c]n.不毛之地，荒地

I、翻译成英语被动式1)直升机飞抵映秀镇上空时，可以看见整个镇子几乎变成了一片废墟。WhenthehelicopterarrivedabovethetownofYingxiu,itcouldbeseenthatthewholetownwasalmostreducedtoruins/shambles.

reduceto…,reduce…to…（使）沦为Whenthehelicopterflew/passedoverthetownofYingxiu,itcouldbeseenthatthewholetownwasalmostturnedintoruins/shambles.2)已经证明，对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民的交流来说，这是最好的途径之一。促进交流

promote/facilitateexchange(s)途径way/approachIthasbeenprovedthatthisisoneofthebestways/approachestopromotetheexchangebetweenthepeoplesofChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.3)可以说，这个期间我国财富有了巨额增加，整个国民经济上了一个新的台阶。增加财富accumulate/expand/increase

wealthboostprice提高价格国民经济nationaleconomy上新台阶

risetoanewlevelraise…toanewlevel

reachanewlevelreachahigherstageofdevelopment3)可以说，这个期间我国财富有了巨额增加，整个国民经济上了一个新的台阶。ItcanbesaidthatduringthisperiodChina’swealthexpandedconsiderably,andthenationaleconomyasawholewasraisedtoanewlevel.……Chinahasaccumulatedconsiderablewealth,withitswholenationaleconomyrisingto/reachinganewlevel.总结据了解/据报道……Ithasbeenlearned/reportedthat……据估计……Itisestimatedthat……据说/据信/据预测……Itissaid/believed/predictedthat……可以想象/断言/断定/肯定……Itcanbeimagined/asserted/decided/affirmedthat……必须指出……Itmustbepointedthat……人们有时会问……Itissometimesaskedthat……由此可见……Itwillbeseenfromthisthat……不用说谁都知道……Itisunderstoodthat……无可否认……Itcannotbedeniedthat……已经证明……Ithasbeenprovedthat……可以有把握地说Itmaybesafelysaidthat……人们希望……Itisexpected/hopedthat……2.直接被动应当承认，奥运会是当今世界惟一属于全世界普通百姓的节日。承认

recognize

作“承认”解时，系书面用词，主要指合法的或外交、官方的承认，也指公认

admitone’smistakes/guilt强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认，多含不情愿或被迫意味

acknowledge[中]

侧重指公开承认，以及大众承认

beacknowledgedas公认为普通百姓

common/ordinary

peopleI、翻译成英语被动式应当承认，奥运会是当今世界惟一属于全世界普通百姓的节日。TheOlympicGamesshouldberecognizedtobetheonlyfestivalforcommon/ordinarypeopleoftheworldtoday.ItshouldberecognizedthattheOlympicGamesistheonlyfestivalforcommon/ordinarypeopleofthepresent-dayworld.2)发现了错误，一定要改正。Errorsmustbecorrectedwhendiscovered.3)进一步深化国有企业改革。国有企业state-ownedenterprises

私企privateenterprises

外企foreign-funded/invested/ownedenterprisesThereformofstate-ownedenterpriseswillbefurthercarriedout/deepened.优先发展科技教育。优先togiveprioritytoThepriorityshouldbegiventothedevelopmentofscience,technologyandeducation.5)以公路建设为重点，加强铁路、机场、天然气管道干线的建设。以…为重点，强调emphasize，stresstolay/place/putemphasison/upontolay/place/putstresson/uponEmphasisshouldbeplacedonhighwayconstructionwhilemoreeffortswillbemadeinbuildingrailways,airportsandgaspipelines.1.根据上下文增加主语人们的看法是旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于国家增加收入。促进了解promote/enhanceunderstanding增进友谊promote/strengthen

friendship促进交流promote/facilitateexchanges收入：revenue国家的收入、税收

profit企业收入

income、earnings企业、个人收入

II.增加主语1)人们的看法是旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于国家增加收入。Thedevelopmentoftourism,itisbelieved,willhelppromotemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenthepeoplesofChinaandothercountries,andfacilitateexchangesinthefieldsofculture,scienceandtechnology.Tourismalsohelpsincreasenationalrevenue.2)看完展览之后，也许还有时间进了书店。展览exposition(较大规模的)博览会,展览会Eg:ShanghaiExpo上海世博会

show(小规模的)展示会，展览会Imightstillhavetimetovisitbookstoresaftertheexposition.Theremightstillbesometimeforavisittobookstoresaftertheexposition.3)弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。前功尽弃

towasteallthepreviouseffortsAlllabourislost.Allone'slabourhasbeeninvain.Ifthingsarenotproperlyhandled,allourworksofar/tillnowwillbewasted.2.增加one,you,we,they,people等作主语从太空观察地球，可以更深入地了解地球的构造，探明地球的资源，预测地震、洪水、飓风、火山爆发、海啸和其他自然灾害，可以保护人们的生命和财产。探明资源(=勘探资源)exploreresources地震、洪水、飓风、火山爆发、海啸earthquakes,floods,hurricanes,volcaniceruptions,tsunamis([su'nɑ:mi])自然灾害natural

disasters/calamities

注：catastrophe大灾难,程度比disaster/calamity深，如thecatastropheofaworldwideconflictII.增加主语Observing/WatchingtheEarthfromspace,wecanfurtherunderstanditsstructure,exploreitsresourcesandpredictearthquakes,floods,hurricanes,volcaniceruptions,tsunamisandothernaturalcalamities,sothatwecanbetterprotectourhumanlivesandproperty.……,wecanhaveamorein-depthunderstandingofitsstructureandexplorationofitsresources,andpredict…………,wecanhaveadeeperinsightintoitsconstitutionandresources,sothatwecanprotectourhumanlivesandpropertiesbypredicting…....2)从根本上说，手头东西多了，在处理各种矛盾和问题时就立于主动地位。从根本上说，大致说来basically(speaking)手头，在手边[美]onhand;[英]inhand处理矛盾

tohandle/settle/solve/resolvecontradictions/conflicts立于主动地位(=掌握主动性)

havetheinitiative(n.主动权/性&adj.主动的,自发的)Eg:He'sgotnoinitiativeinhiswork.他在工作上没有主动性。

2)从根本上说，手头东西多了，在处理各种矛盾和问题时就立于主动地位。Basically,whenwehaveenoughmaterialsonhand,weshallhavetheinitiativeinhandling/settlingvariouscontradictionsandproblems.Basically,whenwehavegotourhandsfullwithenoughmaterials,…...Basically,ifwehavesufficientmaterialsonhand,weshallhavetheinitiativewhile/whensolving/resolvingvariousconflictsandproblems.3)婚姻不是生活的唯一模式，不应该为了该结婚而结婚。生活模式，生存模式themode/pattern/wayoflifethemode/pattern/wayofliving/existenceMarriageisnottheonlymode/wayoflife,sooneshouldnotgetmarriedformarriage’sake.

注：forthesakeof由于，为了Eg:Arenewspaperstodaypublishedonlyforthesakeofthenews?当今报纸的发行只是为了报导新闻吗？

foranysake无论如何

4)看自己一朵花，看别人豆腐渣。看待

consider/regard/treat…asconsider/regard/treat…tobe豆腐beancurd;tofu渣[常pl.]dregs渣滓，糟粕[常sing]residue渣滓，滤渣[u]n.sediment沉淀物，沉积Onetreatsoneselfasaflower,buttreatsothersasthebean-curddregs/residue.5)知人知面不知心。Youmayknowaperson'sfacebutnothisheart/mind.Wemayknowaman‘sexteri