2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码、考场号、座位号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheAmazonTheAmazonRiver,thebasinofwhichcovers2.3millionsquaremiles,isincrediblybiodiversewithover30,000speciesofplantsand1,800speciesofbirds.ItplaysanimportantroleinadjustingtheclimateinNorthandSouthAmerica.TheRiveranditsforestsarethreatenedbyhumanactivity,primarypollutionandrapidresourcedepletion(损耗).TheOfficeoftheAmericanStatesDepartmentofSustainableDevelopmentisworkingtomanagethethreats.TheMississippiTheMississippirisesinwesternMinnesotaandflowssouthfor2,530milesintotheGulfofMexico.Millionsofpeopleinover50citiesusewaterfromtheMississippi,andtheriverisalsousedforshippingandagriculture.Hundredsofanimalspecies,including60%ofNorthAmerica'sbirds,calltheareaaroundtheMississippiRiverhome,butriverpollutionandshorelinehabitatdestructionthreatentodisplacethem.Fortunately,manyprojectsandorganizationsaredevotedtoitsconservation.TheDanubeTheDanubeRiverbeginsinwesternGermany,flowingover1,775milesintotheBlackSea.Itspans19countries.TheDanubefeaturesarichlydiverseecosystem,hosting55differentspeciesoffish.CitiesacrossEuropeusetheDanubeforpowergenerationandagriculture,andtherearemorethan700damsintotal.Unfortunately,thisriverisoverfishedandheavilypolluted.TheInternationalCommissionfortheProtectionoftheDanubeRiverwasestablishedin1998tomanageitsconservation.TheMekongTheMekongRiverisanecessarypartofSoutheastAsia'slandscape,culture,andeconomy.AlsocalledtheLancangRiver,itstartsinChina,stretchingover2,850milesthroughBurma,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia,andVietnam.Itsbasinprovidesmorethan65millionpeoplewithfood,drinkingwater,power,andtransportation.DamsandpowerplantsareharmingMekong'secosystems.OrganizationssuchasConservationInternationalareworkingtoprotecttheriverbyadvocatingforitssustainabledevelopment.1.Birdsareaffectedmostaround.A.TheAmazonB.TheMississippiC.TheDanubeD.TheMekong2.HowmanyfishspeciesdoestheDanubehost?A.70.B.65.C.55.D.50.3.Whatdothatfourrivershaveincommon?A.Theycontributetopowerproduction.B.TheyHowthroughmultiplecountries.C.Theyaretroubledbydamconstructions.D.Theyareunderprotectionoforganizations.BAreyourkeysnotinthespotyouthoughtyouleftthem?Can'trecallthetitleofabook?I'vehadthosemoments.Suchinstancesof“brainfreeze”remindusthatweshoulddoeverythinginourpowertokeepourbrainssharp.Anewstudyfinds.Taistudycanhelpslowcognitive(认知的)declineandprotectagainstdementia(痴呆).Thestudyincludedabout300olderadults,intheirmid-70sonaverage,whohadallreportedthattheirmemorywasnotasgoodasitusedtobe.Aspartofthestudy,alltheparticipantstooka10-mirrutetestcalledtheMontrealCognitiveAssessment.Anormalscoreis26-30.Apersonwhoscoresbetween18and25isconsideredtohavemildimpairment(损害),whichmeanstheydon'thavedementiabutthey'renotassharpastheyusedtobeandmayneedtoworkhardertomaintaineverydayactivities,Oncetheirscoredropsunder18,people.experiencequiteabitofimpairmentfrommemorylossandcognitivedecline.Theaveragescoreofparticipantsatthestartofthestudywas25.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhopracticedasimplifiedformofTaiChitwiceaweekforaboutsixmonthsimprovedtheirscoreby1.5points,meaningthatthey'regoingtogetthreeextrayearsbeforetheyhitthatdeclineintodementia.ResearchersalsotestedamorestrictertypeofTaiChi,calledCognitivelyEnhancedTaiChi,wheretheyprovidedextrachallenges.Forexample,participantswereaskedtospellaword,backwardandforward,astheymovedthroughaseriesofTaiChimoves.ThepeoplewhopracticethistypeofcognitivelyenhancedTaiChiimprovedtheirscoresbyabout3points,meaningtheyaregivensixextrayearsofcognitivefunction.ThetheoryonwhyTaiChiiseffectiveisthatitcombinesthememorizationofthemovements,knownasforms,almostlikecomposingdancingmoves.4.Whyaretwoquestionsraisedinthefirstparagraph?A.Topresenttheauthor'sdoubts.B.Toexpectanswersfromreaders.C.Toanalyzethecausesofforgetfulness.D.Tointroducethemaintopicofthetext.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Cognitiveassessmentmethods.B.Theprocessofrunningthetest.C.Cognitivemeasurementcriteria.D.Thetestresultsoftheparticipants.6.Whatdoesthepre-bestaveragescoreoftheparticipantsimply?A.Mostofthemsufferfrom,dementia.B.Theyremainasquick-mindedasbefore.C.Manyofthemhaveslightcognitivedecline.D.Theycanprotectthemselvesagainstdementia.7.WhydoesTaiChihaveapositiveimpact?A.Ithelpsresolvechallenges.B.Itinvolvesmind-bodymovements.C.Itputsoffcognitivedeclinebythreeyears.D.Itimprovestheparticipantsacademiclevel.CTheoceanishometomorethan200,000knownspeciesandasmanyas2millionthatwehaveyettodiscover.And,itisalsohometo24.4trillionpiecesofmicroplastics.In2022,researchersspotlightedhowbadmarinemicroplasticpollution,isgetting:Thetotalamountofmicroplasticsonthebottomofoceanshasgreatlyincreased.inthepasttwodecades.Microplasticparticlesdon'tjustendupatthebottomoftheocean.Animalsareeatingthem—atleast1,500specieshavebeenreportedtoingestplastic.Andalotofit.Forexample,whalesinNewZealand'sHaurakiGulfconsumeroughlythreemillionmicroplasticsdaily,accordingtoresearchpublishedinScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,whichanalyzedwhalewastetoseehowmuchmicroplasticswerepresent.“Otherresearchhasshownthatifplasticsaresmallenough,theycancrossthegut(肠道)wallandgetintointernalorgansthoughthelong-termeffectsarestillunclear.Plasticscanalsoreleasechemicalsthatareharmfultodigestivesystem,”saysKahane-Rapport.“Thisisconcerning,andwhilewedonotyetunderstandthelong-termhealth-effects,itislikelynotagoodsignforwhalesandtheirprey(猎物)toeataman-mademateriallikeplastic.”Thisisobviouslybadforwhales,butitalsohaseffectsonhumansandtheoceanatlarge.Wearealsopartofthesefoodchainsandareconsumingmicroplasticsregularly.Theyareinourbottledwater,inourtablesalt—theyareeveninourhousedustandintheairwebreathe.Andwestilldon'tknowwhatthehealtheffectsare.Meanwhile,theimpactonwhales—andwhatitindicates—istroublingonmanyfronts.“Whalesareecosystemengineers,”saysKahane-Rapport.“Theycanspreadthenutrientsthattheyconsumedandserveasecosystemguards—whenwhalesarenothealthy,otherpartsofthesystemwillsuffer.”Kahane-Rapportsaysmoreresearchisneeded.“Thenextresearchstepwillbetodeterminehowmuchplasticthewhalesexcrete(排出)andhowmuchisleftintheirbodies.Followingthat,wewouldbeabletodeterminethedirecthealtheffectsontheirtissues.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ingest”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Dealwith.B.Bringup.C.Takein.D.Spreadout.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Researchesshowcontradictoryresults.B.Digestivesystemisthemostaffectedpart.C.Smallplasticsaremoreharmfulthanbigones.D.Muchaboutmicroplastics’harmremainsunclear.'10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thevarioussourcesofpollution.B.Tabchainreactionofmicroplastics.C.Possiblesolutionstoplasticpollution.D.Growingawarenessofoceanprotection11.Whatwillthefollowingresearchfocuson?A.MicroplasticpollutiontotheoceanbottomB.Thesufferingsofotheroceancreatures.C.Whales'contributionstotheecosystem.D.Theamountofplasticinbrakesbodies.DOffAustralia'snortherncoast,theremainsofancientcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)formthebedrockofwoodedislands,whicharehometodiverseanimalsandplants,includingmangrove(红树林)foreststhatblankettheircoastsandserveasvitalhabitatsandcarbonstorers.Arecentsurveyshowsthatexpandingseasmighthaveledtoamassivemangroveincrease,researchersreportNovember1inProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB.Mangrovesabsorbcarbondioxideandstoreitas“bluecarbon”,atermforcarbonthatishiddenawayinoceanenvironments.“There’salotofinterestinusingmangrovebluecarbontolessenclimatechange,”saysKerryleeRogers,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofWollongonginAustralia.Butthereremainalotofquestionsaroundtheircapacitytoadapttosealevelrise.In2021,ateamledbyWollongongenvironmentalscientistSarahHamyltonvisitedtheHowickIslandstodoarelatedresearch.Theywalkedthroughtheseawatertoassesstheplantdiversityandmeasureindividualtrees.Usingthemeasuredwidthsandheightsofseveralmangroves,theteamcalculatedtreewidthsfortherestoftheforestfromthedatatoestimatethetotalmangrovequantity.Theislandshostnearly54,000metrictonsofmangroves,theteamestimates,whichisroughly10,000moremetrictonsthantherewasin1973.TheHowickIslandsareuniquelysuitedtosupportingmangrovesastheoceanrises.AttheendoftheLastGlacialMaximum,around12,000yearsago,waterlevelsrosearoundnorthernAustralia,andcoralreefsgrewupwardtofillthespacethathadopenedforthem.Whensealevelsfellthousandsofyearslater,theexposedreefsbecamesediment(沉积物).Withsealevelsnowrisingagain,themixtureofsaltwaterandsedimentmakesaperfecthomeforthesalt-tolerantmangroves.RogersandHamyltonarenowworkingonabiggerefforttostudymangovesaroundAustralia."Ifwe'regoingtoinvestinmangrovestoprovideusbluecarbonandtoprotectshorelines,weneedtounderstandhowdynamictheyare,"Rogerssays.12、Whatcanbeknownaboutbluecarbon?A.Itisproducedbyoceanwater.B.Itismassivelypresentintheair.C.Itisfriendlyenvironment.D.Itisnutritiousformangroves.13.WhatisthepurposeofHamylton'sresearch?A.Tomeasurethesizeofmangroves.B.Tofigureoutwheretoplantmangroves.C.Toconfirmwhetherlocalnaturalenvironmentispolluted.D.Toseehowthemangrovesrespondtosealevelrise.14.WhatmakestheHowickIslandsthesuitablehabitatsformangroves?A.Thediversityofoceanlife.B.Theincreaseofcoralreefs.C.Thecombinationofsaltwaterandsediment.D.Theformationofthebedrockofwoodedislands.15.Whatisthesuitabletitleofthetext?A.ClimateChangeCausesSeaLevelRiseB.SeaLevelRiseHelpsMangrovesBoostC.EnvironmentonAustraliaIslandsIsImprovingD.ClimateWarmingPosesDangersToMangroves第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsforPlanningaNatureWalkWithYourChildWhenitcomestoplanninganaturewalk,thekeytiptokeepinmindistohavefunwithit!16Ifchildrenaregiventheopportunitytoexperiencenature,eveninsimpleways,interactionandengagementfollowquitenaturally.Letyourchildrengetdirty.Ifyourlittleoneisanxioustocrawl(爬)inthedirttogetabetterlookatworms,thengoforit!17Researchsuggeststhatkidswhoplaythedirtareexposedtobacteria,germsandvirusesthatcanhelpbuildtheirimmune(免疫)systemandreducetherisksofcertainallergiesandillnesseslaterinlife.18Encouragethemtostoptoturnoverrocks,touchmoss,andwhentheycan,climbonandoverrocksandfallentrees.Whatevertheenvironment,whichyouassessforanyunreasonabledanger,thechildrencansetthepace—stimulatingconfidence,flexibility,problem-solving,creativity,andasenseofwonder.Getcreative.19Davissuggestspretendingplay,suchasusingastickasaswordormagicwand,ormakingupstoriesabouttheitemsfoundduringyourwalk.Yourfindingsalsoworkgreatforanartproject.“Collectingrockswhileonyournaturewalkcanlaterhepaintedandre-purposedasbeautifulworksofart,”saysDavis.Letolderchildrenbemoreadventurous.Fortheolderkids,it'sallshoutmakingadeeperconnectionwiththeworldaroundthem.Witholderkids,youcanencouragethemtoconnectwithnatureonadeeperlevelbyexploringtheirsenses.20.A.Assessenvironment.B.Haveyourchildrenleadtheway.C.Natureisperfectforachild'screativity.D.Naturewalksdon'thavetobecomplicated.E.Dirtmightgetabadreputation,butitshouldn’t.F.Tryhavingthemwalkbarefootondifferentsurfaces.G.Givethemthefreedomtoplayintheirownways.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所结构A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2012,LauraEshelmanmanwasinthemiddleofamentalunsettlement.Shewashaving21infindingwork.“IwasleavingadowntownbusinesswhereIhadanotherjobapplication22.Iwasfeelingpretty23anddecidedtogototheWholeFoodsacrossthestreet,”Eshelmanrecalled.Asshecrossedthestreet,Eshelman24aandnaskingtormoneyonthecorner.Buthewas25bypassersby.AsEshelman26,bepurmedtoher,andaskedifhecouldhavealittlebitofmoney.Shewas27andsald;Leavemealone.Idon'thaveanythingtogiveyou.Getaway!”Eshelman28intethegrocerystore.Butsuddenlysherealizedhow29shebadbeentotheman.Eshelmanrushedoutsidetofindhim.Sheapologizedand30somecoinsfromthebottomofher31.Asshe32himthechange,themansaid,“It'sOK.Everything33willdisappear.”Andallofasudden,shefeltlikesomebodywasseeingher34,andshestartedtocry.“Thatmomentonthestreetwasoneofthefew39inthatextremelydarkperiodofmylife,”Eshelmanlatersaid.21.A.funB.troubleC.experienceD.luck22.A.rejectedB.submittedC.displayedD.followed23.A.relaxedB.awkwardC.nervousD.depressed24.A.rememberedB.guidedC.spottedD.comforted25.A.ignoredB.touchedC.rewardedD.cheated26.A.hesitatedB.waitedC.escapedD.approached27.A.activeB.impatientC.anxiousD.desperate28.A.slidB.struggledC.gotD.looked29.A.helpfulB.rudeC.strictD.particular30.A.setasideB.putawayC.dugoutD.usedup31.A.heartB.pocketC.storeD.drawer32.A.handedB.lentC.returnedD.awarded33.A.dangerousB.normalC.unpracticalD.unpleasant34.A.painB.choiceC.effortD.privilege35.A.instantsB.chancesC.differencesD.flashes第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Youcanbehappyevenwhenyou'resufferingfromillness,butthatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldignoretheaspectsofyourhealth36areinyourcontrol.Exerciseandsleepareparticularlyimportantwhenitcomes37happiness.Makingexercisearegularhabitisn'tjustgoodforthebody.Italsohasa38(power)effectonmentalwell-being.Peoplewhoexerciseregularlyarehappieracrosstheboard.Plus,they'realsolessstressed,anxious,and39(depress).Itdoesn'treallymatter40kindofexerciseyoudo,solongasyoudoitregularly.Forthebestresults,aimforanhourofexerciseatleastfivedaysaweek.Ifyoufindsomethingyouenjoy,you'llbemorelikely41(stick)toit.Sodon'tthinkyou’relimitedto42(go)tothegym.Findsomethingthatsuitsyourlifestyleandpreferences.Ifyou'rehavingtroublethinkingofactivitiesyouenjoy,thinkbacktowhenyou43(be)akid.Whatsportsorgamesdidyouliketoplay?Also,gettingqualitysleepeverynightdirectly44(affect)yourhappiness,andemotionalstabilityduringtheday.Whenyourelackingsleep,you'remucheasiertostress.It'shardertobeproductive,thinkcreatively,andmakewise45(decide).Theaveragepersonneedsatleast7.5-9hourseachnight.第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你校英文报本周六将举办为贫困山区孩子捐赠图书的活动，请你用英文写一封倡议书，内容包括：1.活动目的和方式；2.呼吁大家参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dearfellowstudents,Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。In