2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷（解析版）

松江区2023学年度第二学期模拟考质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号。3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At8:00.B.At8:15.C.At8:30.D.At8:45.2.A.Aprofessor.B.Acoach.C.Anengineer.D.Anurse.3.A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahairdresser’s.C.Atacinema.D.Atatailor’s.4.A.Waystovisitauniversity.B.Twostudenttourguides.C.AtourofFudanUniversity.D.ThecampusofFudanUniversity.5.A.Theydidnotmakeittherefinally.B.Theywerenotwellreceivedthere.C.Theyexperiencedsomethingunpleasantontheway.D.Theyhadawonderfultimebeforetheyarrivedthere.6.A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Confused.D.Annoyed.7.A.Practicethepresentationinfrontofhim.B.Watchhowhemakesapresentation.C.Reducethetimespentinpracticing.D.Findoutwhoheraudiencewillbe.8A.Sheisalwaysabsent-minded.B.Sheforgottotellthemanaboutit.C.SheisunclearaboutSophie’splan.D.Sheslippedintheneighboringtown.9.A.Becauseittookhimmuchtimetogotowork.B.Becausehehadtosavemoneyforhisjourney.C.Becausethejobarrangedmanybusinessjourneys.D.Becauseheconsidereditunluckytohavethatjob.10.A.Buyanewprinterwithlessnoise.B.Askthemantoborrowaprinter.C.Readabookonhowtofixtheprinter.D.Getsomeonetorepairtheprinter.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Howencorescameintoexistence.B.Howbandsperformencoresproperly.C.Whyaudiencesusedtoneedencores.D.Whyencoresarepartofaperformance.12.A.The17thcentury.B.The18thcentury.C.The19thcentury.D.The20thcentury.13.A.Frenchpeopleweremoreinterestedinencoresthanothers.B.Bandsusuallypreparemorethantwoencoresforeachshow.C.Recordingtechnologyboostedaudiences’needsforencores.D.Musicianscangetrechargedduringthebreakbeforeencores.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Becauseoftherulefortheclass.B.Becauseofthecoursematerials.C.Becausethespeakerchangedhistopics.D.Becausethespeakerdislikedtechnology.15.A.Thestudentsdonotassessthespeaker’sclassfairly.B.Thestudentsaresatisfiedwiththeclassenvironment.C.Thespeakerdidnotfavorleavingtechnologyatthedoor.D.Thespeakerwereworriedaboutstudents’evaluationonhim.16.A.Itwillstopstudentsgettingonwelltogether.B.Itmayhelpstudentsbetterunderstandthemes.C.Itwillimproveteachingeffectbygivingstudentsmorehelp.D.Itmaydistractstudentsfromdiggingdeepwithinthemselves.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Doctorandpatient.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Teacherandstudent.D.Employerandemployee.18.A.Fishingindustry.B.Statistics.C.Computermodeling.D.Note-taking.19.A.Sheisgoodatmakingmodelcomputers.B.Shehasdecidedonthetitleoftheessay.C.Sheisuninterestedincopingwithstatistics.D.Shehasalwaysbeenweakatnote-taking.20.A.Learntotakenotesimmediately.B.Findoutpossiblestrategiesalone.C.Readformoreusefulinformation.D.Workonherweaknessesbyherself.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RemoteWorkSlowsSeniorHousingMarketRecoveryWiththeriseofremotework,themarketforseniorhousinghasmetwithproblemsinitsrecovery.Onlyafewoldpeoplechoosetoliveinsenior-livingcommunities___1___thegrowingseniorpopulationandthecancelationofCOVID-19restrictionsoncemakingfamilyvisitsdifficult.___2___thistrendsuggestsisthatpeople’sshifttoremoteworkcontributestotheslowreboundoftheseniorhousingmarket.Thatis,remoteworkiskeepingmanyolderAmericansfrommovingintosenior-livingcommunitiesoncewarmly___3___(welcome).Whenmoreadultsbeganworkingremotelyduringthepandemic(流行病),theywereabletocheckinonagingparentseasily—they___4___takecareoftheirparents’issuesonshortnotice.Expertshavebeenanalyzingthephenomenonindifferentways.Somefoundthatthegreaterflexibilitytocareforparents___5___(mean)people’sdelayinsendingagedparentstoexpensivesenior-housingaccommodations.Therefore,marketswithhighlevelsofpeopleworkingfromhomeusuallyhavelowersenior-housingoccupancyrates.Otherssaidremoteworkmighthavesomeeffectbutalsopointedtodifferentfactors.Forinstance,manyseniorsthinkthattheirfamilywalletsaregettingthinner,makingsomeofthemreluctant___6___(send)tosenior-livingcommunities.Theageatwhichpeopleenterseniorhousingisalsoincreasing,___7___servesasanothersignthatshowspeoplearechoosingtodelaytransitioning.Therisingcostofseniorlivingweighsheavilyonthatdecision.TheCPI(consumer-priceindex)fornursinghomesandadultdayservicesrose4.5%lastMaycomparedwith___8___inMay,2022.Still,manysenior-housingoperatorsareoptimistic.When___9___(illustrate)theirpoint,theyshowedanincreaseinthenumberofpeopleturning80yearsoldoverthefollowingyearsandtheactualwealththeyhavecollected.Moreover,theyfindremoteworkarrangementsaredecreasinginsomepartsofthecountry,____10____employeestherehaveseentheirloweredproductivitywhileworkingfromhome.【答案】1.despite2.What3.welcomed4.could5.meant6.tobesent7.which8.that9.illustrating10.because##since##as【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着远程办公的流行，只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区，从而导致老年人住房市场缓慢反弹。尽管挑战依然存在，但许多老年住宅运营商仍持乐观态度，相信未来会有新的发展机遇。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管老年人口不断增加，一度使家庭访问变得困难的COVID-19限制被取消，但只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区。分析句子可知，空前为完整的句子，表示“只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区”，空后为两个并列的名词短语，表示“老年人口不断增加，一度使家庭访问变得困难的COVID-19限制被取消”，前后是让步的关系，因此应用意为“尽管”的介词despite。故填despite。【2题详解】考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：也就是说，远程工作使许多美国老年人无法搬进曾经受到热烈欢迎的老年生活社区。分析句子可知，空处作senior-livingcommunities的后置定语，是非谓语动词，welcome和senior-livingcommunities逻辑上是被动关系，且结合“once”可知，动作已完成，应用welcome的过去分词形式。故填welcomed。【4题详解】考查情态动词。句意：当更多的成年人在疫情期间开始远程工作时，他们能够很容易地照顾年迈的父母——他们可以在短时间内照顾父母的问题。分析句子可知，空后的动词短语为原形，结合“theywereabletocheckinonagingparentseasily”可知，空处指“能够”，且描述的是过去的情况，应用情态动词could。故填could。【5题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：一些人发现，照顾父母的更大灵活性意味着人们推迟将年迈的父母送到昂贵的老年住房。分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“found”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填meant。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，许多老年人认为他们的家庭钱包越来越少，这使得他们中的一些人不愿意被送到老年生活社区。根据“reluctant”可知，此处用固定短语bereluctanttodosth.表示“不愿意做某事”，且send和someofthem逻辑上是被动关系，应用send的不定式被动形式。故填tobesent。【7题详解】考查定语从句。句意：老年人入住老年住宅的年龄也在增加，这是人们选择推迟过渡的另一个迹象。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，作从句主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。8题详解】考查代词。句意：与2022年5月相比，去年5月养老院和成人日间服务的消费者价格指数（CPI）上涨了4.5%。分析句子可知，空处作介词with的宾语，表示对比，指代前面的TheCPI(consumer-priceindex)fornursinghomesandadultdayservices，为避免重复，应用代词that。故填that。【9题详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在说明他们的观点时，他们展示了在接下来的几年里，80岁以上的人数和他们实际积累的财富的增加。分析句子可知，此处用了When引导时间状语从句，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，illustrate和被省略的主语they之间是主动关系，应用illustrate的现在分词形式。故填illustrating。【10题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少，因为那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了。分析句子可知，空处前后为完整的句子，空前表示“他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少”，空后表示“那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了”，前为结果，后为原因，因此可用从属连词because、since或as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routineI.surgicallyJ.underlyingK.variedBrainSignalsforLastingPainBrainsignalsthatrevealhowmuchpainapersonisinhavebeendiscoveredbyscientistswhosaytheworkisasteptowardsnewtreatmentsforpeoplelivingwithlastingpain.Itisthefirsttimeresearchershavedecodedthebrainactivity___11___patients’lastingpain.ThathasraisedthehopethatbrainstimulationtreatmentalreadyusedforParkinson’sandmajordepressioncanhelpthoserunningoutofanyother___12___.“We’velearnedthatlastingpaincanbetrackedandpredictedintherealworld,”saidPrasadShirvalkar,leadresearcherontheprojectattheUniversityofCalifornia.Lastingpainaffectsnearly28millionadultsintheUKalone,andthecausesare___13___.rangingfromcancertobackproblems.Thatbeingthecase,lastingpainhas___14___ariseintakingpowerfulpainkillers.Butnomedicaltreatmentsworkwellforthecondition,___15___expertstocallforacompleterethinkinhowhealthserviceshandlepatientswithlastingpain.Forthelateststudy,Shirvalkarandhiscolleagues___16___implantedelectrodes(电极)intofourpatientswithlastingpainhardtodealwithafterthelossoflegs.Thedevices___17___thepatientstorecordactivityandcollectdataintwobrainregions—theACCandtheOFC—atthepressofonebuttononaremotehandset.Severaltimesaday,thevolunteerswereaskedtocompleteshortsurveysonthe___18___ofpain,meaninghowstrongthepainwas,andthenrecordtheirbrainactivity.Thesescientists,armedwiththesurveyresponsesandbrainrecordings,foundtheycouldusecomputerstopredictaperson’spainbasedontheelectricalsignalsintheirOFC.“Wefoundverydifferentbrainactivity___19___severepainandhavedevelopedanobjectivebiomarkerforthatkindofpain,”saidShirvalkar.Thefindingmayexplain,atleastinpart,why___20___painkillersarelesseffectiveforlastingpain.“Thehopeisthatwecanusetheinformationtodeveloppersonalizedbrainstimulationtreatmentforthemostsevereformsofpain.”【答案】11.J12.F13.K14.D15.G16.I17.B18.E19.A20.H【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们发现了揭示一个人疼痛程度的大脑信号，他们表示，这项工作是朝着治疗持久疼痛患者的新疗法迈出的一步。这是研究人员首次破译了患者持续疼痛背后的大脑活动。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：这是研究人员首次破译了患者持续疼痛背后的大脑活动。根据“patients’lastingpain”以及句意“潜在”可知应填动词underlie，与activity构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选J。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：这增加了人们的希望，即已经用于帕金森症和重度抑郁症的脑刺激疗法可以帮助那些没有其他选择的人。根据“brainstimulationtreatmentalreadyusedforParkinson’sandmajordepressioncanhelpthoserunningoutofanyother”以及句意“选择”可知应填名词option，anyother+可数名词单数。故选F。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：仅在英国，就有近2800万成年人受到持续疼痛的影响，其原因多种多样，从癌症到背部问题都有。根据“rangingfromcancertobackproblems.”以及句意“多种多样”可知应填形容词varied，作表语。故选K。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，持续的疼痛促使服用强效止痛药的人数增加。根据“ariseintakingpowerfulpainkillers”以及句意“促使”可知应填动词fuel，根据上文has可知为现在完成时。故选D。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：但没有任何药物治疗对这种疾病有效，这促使专家们呼吁彻底反思医疗服务机构如何处理患有持久疼痛的患者。根据“expertstocallforacompleterethinkinhowhealthserviceshandlepatientswithlastingpain.”以及句意“促使”可知应填动词prompt，此处为现在分词作结果状语。故选G。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：在最新的研究中，Shirvalkar和他的同事们通过手术将电极植入了四名失去双腿后难以忍受持久疼痛的患者体内。根据“implantedelectrodesintofourpatientswithlastingpainhardtodealwithafterthelossoflegs”以及句意“通过手术地”可知应填副词surgically，修饰动词implanted。故选I。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：该设备允许患者在按下遥控器上的一个按钮后，记录大脑两个区域（ACC和OFC）的活动并收集数据。根据“thepatientstorecordactivityandcollectdataintwobrainregions”以及句意“允许”可知应填动词allow，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故选B。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：每天几次，志愿者被要求完成关于疼痛强度的简短调查，即疼痛的强度，然后记录他们的大脑活动。根据“meaninghowstrongthepainwas”以及句意“强度”可知应填名词intensity，作宾语，不可数。故选E。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：Shirvalkar说：“我们发现，剧烈疼痛伴随着非常不同的大脑活动，并开发了一种针对这种疼痛的客观生物标志物。”根据“severepain”以及句意“伴随”可知应填动词accompany，动作发生在过去，为一般过去时。故选A。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：这一发现至少可以部分解释为什么常规止痛药对持久疼痛的效果较差。根据“arelesseffectiveforlastingpain”以及句意“常规的”可知应填形容词routine，修饰名词painkillers，故选H。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thewayofrecordingthingshasneverceasedtodevelop.Inthe1980s,assalesofvideorecorderswentup,old8mmhomemoviesweregraduallyreplacedbyVHS(videohomesystem)tapes.Later,videotapesoffamilyholidayslosttheirappealandtheuseofDVDs___21___.Those,too,havehadtheirday.Eventhoseholdingtheirchildhoodmemoriesindigitalfilesontheirlaptopsnowknowthesefilesfacetheriskof___22___.Digitisinghistoricaldocumentsbringshugebenefits—filescanbe___23___anddistributed,reducingtheriskoftheirentirelossthroughphysicaldamagecausedbyfireorflooding.Anddevelopingdigitalversionsreduces___24___ontheoriginalitems.TheInternationalDunhuangProject,___25___,hasdigitiseditemslikemanuscripts(手稿)fromtheMogaocavesinChina,enablingscholarsfromaroundtheworldtoaccessrecordseasilywithouttouchingtherealitems.ButthenewsthattheMinistryofJusticeoftheUKisproposingtoscanthe110millionpeople’swillsitholdsandthendestroyahandfulof___26___after25yearshasshockedhistorians.Theministrycitesthisasawayofprovidingeasieraccessforresearchers.Butthatonlyjustifiesdigitisation,notthe___27___ofthepapercopies.Theofficialsnotethechangewillbeeconomicallyefficient(savingaround£4.5mayear)whilekeepingalltheessentialinformation.Scholars___28___.Mostsignificantly,physicalrecordscanthemselvescarryimportantinformation—thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistorythathistoriansare___29___.anderrorsareoftenmadeinscanning.Besides,digitalcopiesarearguablymore___30___thanthematerialitems,justindifferentways.TheattackfromtheInternetontheBritishLibrarylastOctoberhaspreventedscholarsfrom___31___digitisedmaterialsitholds:imagineifresearcherscouldnotreturntotheoriginals.Someeventhinkdigitisedinformationcaneasilybelostwithindecadesnomatterwhat___32___areputinplace.Thegovernmentsaysthatitwillsavetheoriginalwillsof“famouspeopleforhistoricrecord”,suchasthatofPrincessDiana’s.However,assumingthatweknowwhowill___33___tofuturegenerationsisextraordinarilyproud.MarySeacole,apioneeringnursewhonowappearsonthenationalschoolcourseintheUK,waslargely___34___foralmostacentury.Thedigitisationofolddocumentsisavaluable,evenessentialmeasure.Buttodestroytheoriginalsoncetheyhavebeenscanned,isnotamatterofgreat___35___,butofhugedamage.21.A.paused B.boomed C.recovered D.disappeared22.A.gettingoutdated B.comingintostyle C.beingfined D.makinganerror23.A.deleted B.named C.copied D.altered24.A.fightorflight B.lifeordeath C.wearandtear D.aweandwonder25.A.unfortunately B.additionally C.insummary D.forexample26.A.theoriginals B.theessentials C.thevisualised D.thedigitised27.A.preservation B.classification C.publication D.destruction28.A.applaud B.disagree C.discriminate D.withdraw29.A.revising B.abandoning C.uncovering D.enduring30.A.meaningful B.favourable C.resistant D.delicate31.A.inventing B.adjusting C.accessing D.damaging32.Aoutcomes B.safeguards C.deadlines D.byproducts33.A.matter B.respond C.lose D.live34.A.spared B.discussed C.forgotten D.protected35.A.sacrifice B.courage C.efficiency D.admiration【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有消息称，英国司法部计划扫描1.1亿人的遗嘱，并在25年后销毁一小部分原件，这一消息震惊了历史学家。官员们指出，这一变化将在保留所有重要信息的同时具有经济效益，但是学者们有不同看法。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，家庭度假的录像带失去了吸引力，DVD的使用开始蓬勃发展。A.paused暂停；B.boomed繁荣；C.recovered恢复；D.disappeared消失。根据上文“videotapesoffamilyholidayslosttheirappealandtheuseofDVDs”可知，家庭度假的录像带失去了吸引力，DVD的使用开始蓬勃发展。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使是那些把童年记忆保存在笔记本电脑上的人现在也知道，这些文件面临着过时的风险。A.gettingoutdated过时；B.comingintostyle开始流行；C.beingfined被罚款；D.makinganerror犯错。根据上文“Thewayofrecordingthingshasneverceasedtodevelop.(记录事物的方式从未停止发展)”可知，文件因为发展而面临过时的风险。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：数字化的历史文件带来了巨大的好处——文件可以复制和分发，减少了火灾或洪水造成的物理破坏所造成的全部损失的风险。A.deleted删除；B.named命名；C.copied复制；D.altered改变。根据后文“anddistributed”指数字化的文件可以复制和分发，故选C。【24题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：开发数字版本可以减少原始物品的磨损。A.fightorflight战斗或逃跑；B.lifeordeath生或死；C.wearandtear磨损；D.aweandwonder敬畏和惊叹。根据上文“Anddevelopingdigitalversionsreduces”可知，开发数字版本可以减少原始物品的磨损。故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，国际敦煌项目已经将中国莫高窟的手稿等物品数字化，使世界各地的学者可以在不接触实物的情况下轻松获取记录。A.unfortunately不幸地；B.additionally此外；C.insummary总之；D.forexample例如。根据上文“TheInternationalDunhuangProject”可知，此处是在举例说明数字化文件可以避免原件磨损。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，有消息称，英国司法部计划扫描1.1亿人的遗嘱，并在25年后销毁一小部分原件，这一消息震惊了历史学家。A.theoriginals原件；B.theessentials本质特征；C.thevisualised视觉效果；D.thedigitised数字化。根据后文“after25yearshasshockedhistorians”可知，让历史学家震惊的是销毁原件。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这只能证明数字化是正当的，而不能证明销毁纸质拷贝是正当的。A.preservation保护；B.classification分类；C.publication出版；D.destruction破坏。呼应上文“destroyahandfulof”指销毁纸质拷贝。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学者们不同意。A.applaud鼓掌；B.disagree有分歧；C.discriminate歧视；D.withdraw退出。根据后文“Mostsignificantly,physicalrecordscanthemselvescarryimportantinformation—thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistory(最重要的是，实物记录本身可以携带重要的信息——所使用的墨水或纸张的种类可能是历史学家正在揭示的历史的一部分)”可知，学者不同意这一做法。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，实物记录本身可以携带重要的信息——所使用的墨水或纸张的种类可能是历史学家正在揭示的历史的一部分，而且在扫描时经常会出现错误。A.revising改变；B.abandoning抛弃；C.uncovering揭露；D.enduring忍受。根据上文“thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistorythathistoriansare”指所使用的墨水或纸张的种类可能是历史学家正在揭示的历史的一部分，故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，数字拷贝可以说比实物更微妙，只是方式不同而已。A.meaningful有意义的；B.favourable有利的；C.resistant抵制的；D.delicate微妙的。根据后文“thanthematerialitems,justindifferentways”可知，数字拷贝可以说比实物更微妙，只是方式不同而已。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年10月，互联网对大英图书馆的攻击使学者们无法访问馆内保存的数字化资料：想象一下，如果研究人员无法回到原件的话。A.inventing发明；B.adjusting调整；C.accessing访问；D.damaging破坏。根据后文“digitisedmaterialsitholds”指学者们无法访问馆内保存的数字化资料。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人甚至认为，无论采取何种保护措施，数字化信息都很容易在几十年内丢失。A.outcomes结果；B.safeguards保护；C.deadlines截止日期；D.byproducts副产品。根据上文“Someeventhinkdigitisedinformationcaneasilybelost”指无论采取何种保护措施，数字化信息都很容易在几十年内丢失。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，假设我们知道谁对后代至关重要是非常骄傲的。A.matter重要；B.respond回答；C.lose失去；D.live居住。根据后文“tofuturegenerationsisextraordinarilyproud”指知道谁对后代至关重要。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽·西科尔是一名先锋护士，现在出现在英国的国家学校课程上，近一个世纪以来，她基本上被遗忘了。A.spared饶恕；B.discussed讨论；C.forgotten忘记；D.protected保护。根据上文“apioneeringnursewhonowappearsonthenationalschoolcourseintheUK”可知，护士如今才出现在课程上，说明曾经被遗忘了。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，一旦原件被扫描，销毁它们就不是一个效率很高的问题，而是一个巨大的破坏问题。A.sacrifice牺牲；B.courage勇气；C.efficiency效率；D.admiration钦佩。根据上文“Theofficialsnotethechangewillbeeconomicallyefficient(savingaround£4.5mayear)whilekeepingalltheessentialinformation.(官员们指出，这一变化将在保留所有重要信息的同时具有经济效益（每年节省约450万英镑）)”可知，此处指一旦原件被扫描，销毁它们就不是一个效率很高的问题，而是一个巨大的破坏问题。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)CharlesRobertDarwinwasbornon12February1809inShropshire,England.Darwin’schildhoodpassionwasscience,andhisinterestinchemistry,however,wasclear;hewasevennicknamed‘Gas’byhisclassmates.In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.DarwinbecamepassionateaboutnaturalhistoryandthisbecamehisfocuswhilehestudiedatCambridge.DarwinwentonavoyagetogetherwithRobertFitzroy,thecaptainofHMSBeagle,toSouthAmericatofacilitateBritishtradeinPatagonia.Thejourneywaslife-changing.Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.Darwin’sworkconvincedhimthatnaturalselectionwaskeytounderstandingthedevelopmentofthenaturalworld.Thetheoryofnaturalselectionsaysthatindividualsofaspeciesaremorelikelytosurvivewhentheyinherit(经遗传获得)characteristicsbestsuitedforthatspecificenvironment.Thesefeaturesthenbecomemorewidespreadandcanleadeventuallytothedevelopmentofanewspecies.Withnaturalselection,Darwinarguedhowawidevarietyoflifeformsdevelopedovertimefromasinglecommonancestor.Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,in1839.WhenDarwin’seldestdaughter,Annie,diedfromasuddenillnessin1851,helosthisbeliefinGod.Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.Darwinhadpreviouslythoughtthatspeciesremainedadapteduntiltheenvironmentchanged;henowbelievedthateverynewvariationwasimperfectandthatastruggletosurvivewaswhatdrovespeciestoadapt.Thoughrejectedatthebeginning,Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionisnowadayswellacceptedbythescientificcommunityasthebestevidence-basedexplanationforthediversityandcomplexityoflifeonEarth.TheNaturalHistoryMuseum’slibraryalonehas478editionsofhisOntheOriginofSpeciesin38languages.36.WhatmadeDarwinreconsidertheoriginanddevelopmentofspecies?A.Examiningplantsandanimalscollected.B.Hisdesireforavoyagetodifferentcontinents.C.ClassifyingsamplesinajourneytoSouthAmerica.D.HispassionfornaturalhistoryatEdinburghUniversity.37.Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1to3thatDarwin________.A.usednaturalselectiontodevelopnewspeciesB.enjoyedbeingcallednicknamesrelatedtoscienceC.learnedsomeknowledgeaboutplantswhenstudyingmedicineD.arguedwithothersoverthediversityoflifeformsforalongperiod38.WhichofthefollowingchangedDarwin’sviewonthehumanspecies?A.Thathehadtenchildreninall. B.Hisyoungestson’sbeingdisabled.C.Thathelosthiseldestdaughter. D.HismarriagewithEmmaWedgwood.39.Thispassageismainlyabout________.ADarwin’spassionformedicalscience B.Darwin’stheoryandexperimentsC.CharlesDarwin’schanginginterest D.CharlesDarwin’slifeandwork【答案】36.A37.C38.B39.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇人物传记，讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。【36题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.”（达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他开始质疑过去关于物种如何形成和随时间演化的解释。）可知，达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他对物种的起源和发展产生质疑和重新审议。故选A项。【37题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.”（1825年，他的父亲送他去爱丁堡大学学医，在那里他学会了如何对植物进行分类。）可推断，达尔文在学医时候了解到了关于植物的知识。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段第二句和三句“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.”（他的第十个也是最后一个孩子查尔斯·沃林·达尔文于1856年出生。对达尔文来说，这个婴儿是残疾的，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。）可知，达尔文最小的孩子的先天残疾使达尔文改变了人类物种的看法。故选B项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响。第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活、最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此，文章主要讲述了达尔文的生活和工作。故选D项。(B)WelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.Howtogethere?Peopleusingpersonalvehiclesmusthavereservationsbeforearrivingatthepark.(Detailsat.)MuirWoodsNationalMonumentisopendaily,8a.m.tosunset.StopbyVisitorCentertogettrails(路线)andprograminformation,andtotakeinexhibits.What’syourpath?EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(环线).OthertrailsgodeepintoMuirWoodsandMountTamalpaisStatePark.(RefertothemapofMuirWoodsontherightfordetails.)Readytoexploremore?MuirWoodsispartofGoldenGateNationalRecreationArea,whichincludesMarinHeadlands,Alcatraz,thePresidio,andOceanBeach.Downloadtheappat/goga.Staysafeandprotectyourpark.Wi-Fiandcellservicearenotavailable.·Watchforpoisonousplantsandfallingbranches.·Donotfeedordisturbanimals.·Fishingisprohibitedinthepark.·Donotmarkorremovetrees,flowers,orothernaturalfeatures.·Gototheparkwebsiteformoresafetytipsandregulations.AccessibilityWemakeagreatefforttomakefacilities,services,andprogramsaccessibletoall.Forinformation,gotoVisitorCenter,askaranger,call,orcheckourwebsite.MoreInformationMuirWoodsNationalMonument/muwoMillValley,CA94941-269640.MuirWoodswillprobablyattract________.①redwoodlovers②huntinglovers③fishinglovers④hikingloversA.①② B.③④ C.①④ D.②③41.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Muirwoodsissurroundedbyhighlandandoceanbeaches.B.VisitorscanreadelectronicmapsusingWi-FiinMuirWoods.C.VisitorsareadvisedtocallVisitorCenterforsafetytipsandregulations.D.ReservationsshouldbemadeifvisitorsdriveprivatecarstoMuirWoods.42.AccordingtothemapofMuirWoods,________.A.Bridge4isthefarthestfromtheparkinglotsofallbridgesB.MillValleyislocatedonthesouthwestsideofMuirBeachC.BootjackTrailcanleadonetoVisitorCenterfromBridge3D.foodandgiftscanbeboughtonvarioussitesinMuirWoods【答案】40.C41.D42.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些参观缪尔森林的注意事项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“WelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.(欢迎来到缪尔森林！这片罕见的古老森林是海岸红杉的王国，许多红杉已有600多年的历史。)”以及第四段“EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(环线).(在红木溪小径（也称为主小径）上漫步。选择短的，中等的，