2021-2022学年山东省济宁市兖州区高一上学期期中考试英语试题解析版(不含听力音频)

2021-2022学年山东省济宁市兖州区高一上学期期中考试英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将第Ⅱ卷答题卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和第Ⅱ卷答题卷规定的位置上。2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.第Ⅱ卷答题卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第Ⅰ卷（共87.5分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hefailedtheexam.B.Hecouldn’tplaythegame.C.Hefeltsadforthewoman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W：Whydoyoulooksosad?M：I'mratherdisappointedatnotbeingabletopasstheexam.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whereisthewomanprobably?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inapostoffice. C.Inabookstore.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W：Iwantanenvelope,please.M：Doyouwantthelargersizeorthesmallersize?W：Thelargersize,please.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Work. B.Food. C.Weather.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W：Itseemstobeclearinguptomorrow.M：It'ssuchanicechange.W：Ireallydon'thopetherainwilllast.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Managerandsecretary.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W：Billhasworkedfiveyearsintheoffice.M：Hemustbeexperiencedinhiswork.W：Yousaidit.Wecanaskhimtoworkinourcompany.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakersleaveforthesubwaystation?A.At8:30. B.At8:00. C.At8:40.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M：Jenny,thetrainleavesat9：40am.Weshouldsetoffat8o'clock.W：Howabouthalfanhourlater?Thesubwaywilltakeusthereinfortyminutes.M：OKthen.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhydoesthemanplantogotoAustralia?A.Becausehewantstodobusiness.B.Becausehewantstostudythere.C.Becausehewantstohaveaholiday.7.Whatshouldthemando?A.Fillinaform. B.Answersomequestions. C.Haveatest.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M：Goodmorning!I'mcomingtoapplyforanentryvisa.Here'smypassport,andtherearethepapers.W：Sitdown,please.WhatdoyouwanttogotoAustraliafor?M：I'mgoingthereforfurtherstudy.Thisistheletterofacceptancefromtheuniversity.Andthisoneismyletterofapplication.W：Butyoustillhavetofillinanapplicationform.Hereyouare!Youcantakeithometofillout,ifyoulike.M：Thankyou.HowlongdoIhavetowaitforthevisa?W：We'llsendyoupapers,butitusuallytakesmonthsforyoutogetareply.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Ataparty. B.Athome. C.Atarestaurant.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomanwear?A.Thepurpleshirt. B.Thelongwhitedress. C.Theblackeveningdress.10.Whatadvicedoesthemangivetothewoman?A.Takingachild. B.Takingnothing. C.Takingahandbag.【答案】8.B9.C10.C【解析】【原文】W：Dear,doesthispurpleshirtmatchmyhandbag?M：Yeah,butIdon'tthinkpurplesuitsyou.W：Well,youmightberight.Whatdoyouthinkofthislongwhitedress?M：Butitisnotfortonight'sparty.W：Doesthisblackeveningdresslooknice?M：Yeah.Itwillgowiththeparty.W：That'sit.NeedItakemyhandbag?M：That'salwaysnecessaryforladies.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Astudent. B.Aheadmaster. C.Ateacher.12.Whatarethosestudentslike?A.Shy. B.Active. C.Hard-working.13.Whydoesthewomanhavetogo?A.Becauseofherfriends. B.Becauseofherhealth. C.Becauseofherparents.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M：Whatdoyouthinkofthestudentsinourclass?W：Ilovethosechildren.Theyaresolively.M：Theyloveyoutoo.Theysaidthatyouwerethebestteachertheyhadeverhad.W：WhenIfirstcameintotheclassroom,allthestudentsstoodupandlookedatme.Theyallhadasmileontheirfaces.M：Itseemsthattheybeganlovingyoufromtheverybeginning.W：Right.Theyarealsoveryactive.Nooneisshy.M：That'swhyyoubecamefriendswitheachother.W：Ireallydon'twanttoleave.ButIhavetobecauseofmyparents.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthedinnerparty?A.Bad. B.Justso-so. C.Verywell.15.Whatdoweknowabouttheboss?A.He’skind-hearted. B.He’sfunny. C.He’simpolite.16.Whatdoesthewomanmeanbyherlastwords?A.Themanshouldn’thaveinvitedsuchamantohisdinnerparty.B.Themanshouldhaveletthebossleaveearlier.C.Thebossshouldsaysorrytothecouple.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W：Howwasyourdinnerparty?M：Ithinkitwentprettywell.Peoplereallyseemedtoenjoythemselves.W：That'sgood.M：Butweshouldn'thaveinvitedmywife'sbossagain.Wecannevergethimtoleave!W：Really?Howlatedidhestaythistime?M：Untiltwoo'clockinthemorning!Andwebothhadtogetupearly.W：Oh,heshouldn'thavestayedsolate.Youshouldhaveaskedhimtoleaveearlier.M：Well,it'sprettydifficulttodothattomywife'sboss.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Afamoushotel.B.Thespeaker’sweddingparty.C.Anunforgettablenight.18.Wheredidthespeakerescapefrom?A.Theentrance. B.Thewindow. C.Thebackdoor.19.Whatdoweknowabouttheguests?A.Oneofthemwaskilled.B.Theykeptcalmallalong.C.Someofthemwereinjured.20.Whatcausedthefire?A.Cigarettes. B.Linefailure. C.Lightning.【答案】17.C18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】Itwasmy21stbirthdayandIwantedtohaveanunforgettablenight.SoIarrangedtohaveapartyatthisfamoushotel.ItwasawarmeveninginthemiddleofAugust,butbecauseitwasrainingheavilyoutsidewehadtostayinthehotelallnight.Therewerealotofguestsatthepartyandtheroomwaspacked.IwasdancingwhenIsawthesmoke.Peoplebegantopanic,butthereweresomanyofusthatwecouldn'tgetoutquickly.Soontheroomwasfullofsmoke.Imanagedtoopenawindowandgetoutoftheburningbuilding.Thefirefightersarrivedshortlyafter,butittookalongtimeforthemtoputoutthefire.Luckily,alltheguestsgotoutintime.Someofthemhadtogotohospitalbecauseofburnsandbreathingproblems.Fortunately,thefirefightershadputoutthefirebeforeitspreadtotherestofthehotel.However,theroomwherethepartywasheldwascompletelydestroyed.Iwastoldlaterthatitwasbecausethebuildinghadbeenstruckbylightning.Canyoubelieveit.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5分）第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AItcanbetoughtopullkidsawayfromtheircomputersandmobilephonesthesedays.Whilethey’replayinggames,wouldn’titbegreatiftheycouldbelearningatthesametime?Goodeducationalappsofferfunchallengesthatteachspecificgrade-levelskills.Herearefourthatcombine(结合)funandlearning.UnderstandingMath($3.99;iOS)UnderstandingMathgoesbeyondbasiccomprehensiontogainadeeperunderstandingofthewhysandhowsofmath.Theapptracksyourchild’sprogresstodeterminestrengthsandweaknessesindifferentskillareas,andyoucancustomize(订制)yourchild’slearningexperiencetosuittheneeds.WordCreativityKit($2.99;iOS)WordCreativityKitaimsnotonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammarrules.Theapppresentsaseriesofwordsfromsevencategories,suchasspaceorfantasy.Kidsaddtheirownwordstofinishthecompletethoughtsthatthesewordshaveinspired.BarefootWorldAtlas($4.99;iOS)BarefootWorldAtlashelpskidslearnaboutgeographyandworldcultureswithatouchofthescreen.Eachregionfeaturesasetofsub-topics,fromwildlifeandnaturalfeaturestonativepeople,landmarks,andarchitecture.Thesefactsandillustrationsaredeliveredinphotographs,sounds,andhundredsofminivideos.MyGrades&Homework($0.99;iOS)Acombinationofgradesandhomeworktracker,MyGrades&Homeworkcanhelpyourchildstayorganizedandontopoftheprogressinschool.Aconvenientcalendarandcourselistformatandofferaglanceatyourchild’sassignmentschedulethatheorshemightnotnormallygetfromstandardhomeworkplanners.21.Whichappishelpfultoimprovechildren’swritingskills?A.UnderstandingMath. B.WordCreativityKit.C.BarefootWorldAtlas. D.MyGrades&Homework.22.Whatisthecommonpartofthefourapps?A.Theyhelpchildrenimprovegrades.B.Theymakestudiesfunforminivideos.C.Theyneedbuyingwhentheyareused.D.Theyinformparentsoftheirchildren’sprogress.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toencourageparentstoallowtheirstudentstoplayapps.B.Totellreadershowtousethefunctionsofeducationalapps.C.Tointroducefoureducationalappsforreaderstobuyanduse.D.Todesigntheeducationalappstocombinefunandlearning.24.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________.A.Parents B.TeachersC.Kids D.Students【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四个有趣的学习app供读者购买和使用。【21题详解】细节理解题。由WordCreativityKit($2.99;iOS)中的“WordCreativityKitaimsnotonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammarrules.(WordCreativityKit的目标不仅是让创造性写作变得有趣，还可以建立语法规则)”可知，WordCreativityKit能帮助孩子写作和建立语法规则。故选B项。【22题详解】推理判断题。由UnderstandingMath($3.99;iOS)，WordCreativityKit($2.99;iOS)，BarefootWorldAtlas($4.99;iOS)和MyGrades&Homework($0.99;iOS)可知，每个app之后出现的价格可以推断，下载这些应用使用时需要付费。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“Goodeducationalappsofferfunchallengesthatteachspecificgrade-levelskills.Herearefourthatcombine(结合)funandlearning.(好的教育应用程序提供有趣的挑战，教授特定年级的技能。这里有四个结合了乐趣和学习的教育应用程序)”和每个应用后面的价格可以推断出，本文主要介绍一些有趣的教育app让读者购买使用。故选C项。【24题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Itcanbetoughtopullkidsawayfromtheircomputersandmobilephonesthesedays.Whilethey’replayinggames,wouldn’titbegreatiftheycouldbelearningatthesametime?Goodeducationalappsofferfunchallengesthatteachspecificgrade-levelskills.Herearefourthatcombine(结合)funandlearning.(如今，让孩子们远离电脑和手机可能很难。当他们在玩游戏时，如果他们能同时学习，那不是很好吗？好的教育应用程序提供有趣的挑战，教授特定年级的技能。这里有四个结合了乐趣和学习的教育应用程序)”和每个应用后面的价格可以推断出，本文主要介绍一些有趣的教育app让父母购买使用，文章应该是写给父母的。故选A项。BAtthefootoftheTianmuMountaininZhejiang,ahomestay(民宿)isattractingtravelersfromfarandwide,whichhaswonarchitecturalmedalatthe2021GermaniFDesignAwards.Theownersofthehomestayareacoupleintheirlate30swhodecidedtoreturntotheirhometownthreeyearsago.LiXiumeiusedtobeinchargeofadivisionatacompanyinHangzhou,andherhusbandwasasalesdirector.ItwasanordinarysituationwhereLi’shusbandwasonbusinesstripsalotandListillworkedonweekends.Citylifesometimesisnoteasy.In2018,theyquitjobsandwentbacktoDongtianmuvillage,whichliesinaforestofbamboo.Thefirsttimetheydroveintothevillagewasonelateafternoon.Thecookingsmokewasrisingfromthefootofthemountain,whichgavethemaverydifferentfeelingfromthecity.Thehomestaywasbuiltbesideherhusband’soldcountrysidehouse.Theoldhouseispreserved(保留),whileabrand-newbuildingwasbuiltonitssideandthewholesiteismadeupoffourcourtyards.Ithasbeenupdatedtohaveahall,atearoom,akitchen,adiningroom.Japanesecherrytreesareplantedintheeastcourtyard.Aswimmingpoolisplacedinthewestcourtyard,withabarlocatedononeside.Liandherhusbandlovegardeningandmusic,andtheirnewhomegivesthemenoughspacetocontinuetheirinterestsandrelaxintheheartofnature.Liwantstosharethequietcountrylife,soshemakeshernewhomeahomestay.In2019,thehomestaybecameanonlinehitafterguestssharedtheirexperiencesonsocialmedia.“ThelongerIstayhere,themoreIfeelitwastherightchoicetocomeback,andthisismoremeaningfulthanmakingmoney,”Lisays.25.HowdidLifeelaboutcitylife?A.Satisfied. B.Noisy. C.Attractive. D.Tired26.Whatimpressedthecouplewhenfirstdrivingtothevillage?A.Theforestofbamboo. B.Thesmokeofcooking.C.Thefreshairinthevillage. D.Thefeelingofloneliness.27.Whatcanweinferaboutthehomestayfromparagraph4?A.Itisancientandbroken. B.Itcanholdmanyguests.C.Itmusthavebeencarefullydesigned. D.Ithasbeenrebuiltbythecouple.28.What’smoremeaningfulthanearningmoneyaccordingtoLi?A.Continuingtheirmusicdream. B.Livinginthecountryside.C.Stayingattheoldhouse. D.Developingacity.【答案】25.D26.B27.C28.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了浙江天目山脚下的一家民宿吸引着来自四面八方的游客，该民宿在2021年德国iF设计奖的建筑奖牌。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ItwasanordinarysituationwhereLi’shusbandwasonbusinesstripsalotandListillworkedonweekends.Citylifesometimesisnoteasy.(这是一个普通的情况，李某的丈夫经常出差，而李仍然在周末工作。城市生活有时并不容易。)”可以推知，李某觉得城市生活很累。故选D项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thefirsttimetheydroveintothevillagewasonelateafternoon.Thecookingsmokewasrisingfromthefootofthemountain,whichgavethemaverydifferentfeelingfromthecity.(他们第一次开车进村子是在一个傍晚。炊烟从山脚下升起，给他们一种与城市截然不同的感觉。)”可知，当夫妇俩第一次开车去村子时，炊烟给他们留下了深刻的印象。故选B项。27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theoldhouseispreserved(保留),whileabrand-newbuildingwasbuiltonitssideandthewholesiteismadeupoffourcourtyards.Ithasbeenupdatedtohaveahall,atearoom,akitchen,adiningroom.Japanesecherrytreesareplantedintheeastcourtyard.Aswimmingpoolisplacedinthewestcourtyard,withabarlocatedononeside.(老房子被保留下来，而在它的一侧建造了一个全新的建筑，整个场地由四个庭院组成。它已经更新为一个大厅，一个茶室，一个厨房，一个餐厅。东院里种着日本樱桃树。游泳池位于西庭院，酒吧位于一侧。)”可以推知，这个民宿一定是精心设计的。故选C项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Liwantstosharethequietcountrylife,soshemakeshernewhomeahomestay.(李某想要分享安静的乡村生活，所以她把她的新家变成了寄宿家庭。)”以及李某所说“ThelongerIstayhere,themoreIfeelitwastherightchoicetocomeback,andthisismoremeaningfulthanmakingmoney(我在这里待得越久，就越觉得回归是正确的选择，这比赚钱更有意义。)”可以推知，住在乡村居住生活比挣钱更有意义。故选B项。CThere’snopizzaonMars,butscientistshavefoundasolutiontothisproblemforhungryastronauts:apizzaprinter!NASA,theAmericanspaceagency,hasdevelopedamachinethat“prints”food.TheyshowedamodeloftheprinterinAustin,Howdoesitwork?Cartridges(墨盒)filledwithpowdereddough(面粉团),cheese,sauce,waterandoilputtheingredientslayer(层)bylayerontoaprinterbed.Theprinterbed,whichgetshotfrombelow,cooksthefoodasit’sbeingprinted.Sincemostoftheingredientsarepowdered,theycanbesentintospaceandstoredformanyyearswithoutgoingbad.Watermakesfoodgosour,sothefoodpowdersaremixedwithwaterandoilonlywhentheyarebeingprinted.“Long-distancespacetravelrequiresmorethan15yearsofshelflifeforfood.”saysAnjanContractor,whosecompanydevelopedtheprinter.“Wetakewaterout,andinthatform,foodwilllastmaybe30years.”Inouterspace,therearefarfewerchoicesforastronautsfordinner.Mostoftheirfoods—eventhingslikebeeforshrimp—areeatenfrombagsaspowders(粉末).Scientistshopethenewfoodprintercanbeusedtomakemoredeliciousfoodinouterspace,keepingastronautshealthierandhappier.Buttheprinterisnotlimitedtouseinouterspace.ScientiststhinkitcouldbeusefulonEarth,too.Itcouldallowpersonalmealstobemadeatthedinnertable,accordingtoeachperson’sdifferentneeds.“Let’ssaysomeoneisanathleteinthefamily,andheneedsmoreprotein(蛋白质),”saysAnjanContractor,founderofSystemsandMaterialsResearchCorp,thecompanydevelopingtheprinter.“Wecandesignrecipesforhimandprintoutmoreprotein-nutritiousfoodforhim.”29.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.TheadvantagesoftheprinterB.HowdoestheprinterworkC.HowtheprinterwasinventedD.Thefoodinouterspacewillnevergobad.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stored”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.sold B.kept C.transported D.eaten31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Astronautseatbeefpowderinouterspace.B.Onlyastronautsandathletescaneatthefoodfromtheprinter.C.Theprintercanonlybeusedinouterspace.D.AmodelofthefoodprinterwasshowninNewYorklastmonth.32.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Astronauts’LifeinOuterSpace B.Hungry?JustPrint!C.HowtoMakePizza D.LongLastingFood【答案】29.B30.B31.A32.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种可“打印”食物的机器的原理和优势。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Howdoesitwork?（它是如何工作的?）”可知，本段主要是绍打印机是怎么工作的。故选B。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“formanyyearswithoutgoingbad（多年而不变质）”可知，这些食物被保存的很好，所以stored指的是“保存、储存”的意思。故选B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Mostoftheirfoods—eventhingslikebeeforshrimp—areeatenfrombagsaspowders.（他们的大部分食物——甚至像牛肉或虾这样的东西——都是装在袋子里当作粉末吃的。）”可知，宇航员在外太空吃牛肉粉。故选A。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’snopizzaonMars,butscientistshavefoundasolutiontothisproblemforhungryastronauts:apizzaprinter!NASA,theAmericanspaceagency,hasdevelopedamachinethat“prints”food.（火星上没有披萨，但科学家们已经为饥饿的宇航员找到了解决这个问题的办法：披萨打印机!美国国家航空航天局(NASA)开发了一种“打印”食物的机器。）”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可“打印”食物的机器的原理和优势。所以“Hungry?JustPrint!(饿了吗?只需打印就行!)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoHaveaHealthyBrainStayingfitisnotjustforyourbody.___33___Brainfitnessisaboutkeepingthemindsharpandpreventingcognitivedisease(认知上的疾病).Youhavetheabilitytodevelophealthybrainthroughbrainexerciseandsocialinteraction.Nomatterwhenyoustart,whetherit’searlyorlateinlife,followingsomesimplepracticescanhelpinbrainhealth.Learnanewskill.___34___Newskillsnotonlyimprovememory,buttheyhelpthepartofthebrainthatensuresprotectionofthememories.What’smore,newskills,particularlymoredifficultskills,aremorehelpfultobrainfunctions(功能)thaneasyones.___35___BraingamessuchasSudokuandcrosswordpuzzleshavebeenshowntoimproveconnectionsinthebrain.Theyalsohaveaninfluenceonshort-termmemory,andhavebeenshowntobegoodtothebrainhealth.Sotrytokeepyourmindasactiveaspossible.Practicememorization(记忆).Workwithshortgoalsfirst.Andthentrymemorizingmoredifficultlists.ItcanbethestatesintheU.S.,orthebonesinthehumanbody.___36___Readandlearnnewwordsoften.Readingaseriesofmaterial—books,magazinesorpoetry—exercisesthebrain.___37___Andithasbeenshowntoimprovebrainandmakebrainmoreactiveinmanydifferentparts.A.Challengeyourself.B.Playbraingames.C.Itisawaytoimprovementalhealth.D.Itisalsoimportanttokeepafitbrain.E.Tryingtomemorizedifficultlistshelpsthebraingreatly.F.Learningnewwordsissimilartolearninganewlanguage.G.Researchhasshownthatnewskillscanimprovebrainfunctions.【答案】33.D34.G35.B36.E37.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保持大脑健康是重要的以及就如何保持大脑健康给出一些方法。【33题详解】由上文“Stayingfitisnotjustforyourbody.(保持健康不仅仅是为了你的身体)”可知，此处说的是保持健康的重要性，句中的“notjust”表示不仅，所以后面应该有“而且”，选项D中的“also”表示而且，承接下文“Brainfitnessisaboutkeepingthemindsharpandpreventingcognitivedisease.(大脑健康可以保持头脑敏锐和预防认知疾病)”讲大脑健康，D选项“保持大脑健康也很重要。”切题。故选D项。【34题详解】由上文“Learnanewskill.(学习一项新技能)”和下文“Newskillsnotonlyimprovememory,buttheyhelpthepartofthebrainthatensuresprotectionofthememories.What’smore,newskills,particularlymoredifficultskills,aremorehelpfultobrainfunctions(功能)thaneasyones.(新技能不仅能提高记忆力，还能帮助大脑保护记忆的部分。更重要的是，新技能，尤其是较难的技能，比简单技能对大脑功能更有帮助)”可知，本段围绕新技能来叙述，讲新技能对大脑的好处，承接上下文，G选项“研究表明，新技能可以改善大脑功能。”切题。故选G项。【35题详解】分析文章结构可知，第一段是介绍大脑健康是很重要的，二三四五段每一段是一条保持大脑健康的方法，且每段第一句是中心思想，所以空处是这段的中心句，由下文“BraingamessuchasSudokuandcrosswordpuzzleshavebeenshowntoimproveconnectionsinthebrain.Theyalsohaveaninfluenceonshort-termmemory,andhavebeenshowntobegoodtothebrainhealth.Sotrytokeepyourmindasactiveaspossible.(数独和填字游戏等脑力游戏已被证明可以改善大脑中的连接。它们对短期记忆也有影响，并已被证明对大脑健康有益。所以尽量保持你的思维活跃)”可知，此段主要讲的是脑力游戏的好处，承接下文，B选项“玩脑力游戏。”切题。故选B项。【36题详解】由上文“Practicememorization(记忆).(练习记忆)”和“Andthentrymemorizingmoredifficultlists.ItcanbethestatesintheU.S.,orthebonesinthehumanbody.(然后试着记住更难的列表。可以是美国的州，也可以是人体的骨骼)”可知，关于如何保持大脑健康，本段作者的方法是要练习记忆，上文讲的是要练习记忆难度高的东西，空处进行总结，即练习记忆难度高的东西对大脑的好处，承接上文，E选项“试着记忆难度高的列表能很好地帮助大脑。”切题。故选E项。【37题详解】由上文“Readandlearnnewwordsoften.Readingaseriesofmaterial—books,magazinesorpoetry—exercisesthebrain.(经常阅读和学习一些新单词。读一系列材料如书，杂志或者诗来练习大脑)”可知，此段讲的是从两方面即阅读和学习新单词来练习大脑，已经讲了通过阅读来练习大脑，所以空处应该讲的是从学习单词方面来练习大脑，承接上文，F选项“学习新单词就像学习一门新语言。”切题。故选F项。第三部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空（共15题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TimMa’sparentscametotheUnitedStatesfromTaiwaninthe1970s.Theyopeneda___38___.Itwasnotasuccess.TheyfoundsuccessinAmerica,___39___,incomputersandengineering.Becauseoftheirown___40___,Ma’sparentshopedhewouldstudytobecomeanengineer.Growingup,Maconsideredmany___41___—writer,fireman,evenpresident.Buthehadasenseearlyon.Hedidn’twanttobea(n)___42___.His___43___couldnotunderstandwhyhejustwantedtoopenarestaurant.Theyhadworkedlonghoursontheirownrestaurant,still___44___.ButMaremained___45___.Hewasgoingtodothingsdifferentlythanthem.Hewasabletolearnfromtheironemajor___46___asrestaurantowners—theyknewverylittleabouttheartofcooking.Theirchef(厨师)____47____andopenedaChineserestaurantacrossthestreetwhichreallyputtheminabad____48____.So,atage30,Mareturnedtoschool—onecookingschool.Hereceivedtrainingin____49____cooking.In2009,Maopenedhisfirstrestaurant,which____50____excellentcuisine.AtMapleAvenue,Maworkedlonghours,sevendaysaweek.Hishardwork____51____.Maopenedhisfourthrestaurantlastyear.He____52____histraininginFrenchcookingwithhisChineseheritage(传承)tocreatenewdishes.38.A.company B.school C.hospital D.restaurant39.A.however B.and C.besides D.then40.A.feelings B.manners C.predictions D.experiences41.A.persons B.jobs C.dreams D.questions42.A.doctor B.chef C.engineer D.professor43.A.relatives B.friends C.parents D.classmates44.A.working B.disappearing C.falling D.failing45.A.certain B.silent C.calm D.anxious46.A.habit B.practice C.point D.mistake47.A.came B.left C.stole D.cheated48.A.situation B.habit C.sense D.feeling49.A.Chinese B.American C.French D.Mexican50.A.serves B.studies C.collects D.benefits51.A.tookoff B.paidoff C.ranout D.gotout52.A.improved B.shared C.translated D.mixed【答案】38.D39.A40.D41.B42.C43.C44.D45.A46.D47.B48.A49.C50.A51.B52.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，厨师TimMa的父母均为台湾到美国的移民，因餐馆经营失败，但在计算机和工程行业取得了成功，希望儿子能够成为移民工程师，以确保经济上的保障；然而，几经波折，TimMa对经营餐馆更感兴趣，于是不顾父母的反对，学习餐饮，并经过不懈的努力，后来他在这一行做的很成功。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开了一家餐馆。A.company公司；B.school学校；C.hospital医院；D.restaurant餐馆。由下文的“Theyhadworkedlonghoursontheirownrestaurant”可知，TimMa的父母曾经开了一家餐馆。故选D项。【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们在美国的计算机和工程领域取得了成功。A.however然而；B.and和；C.besides此外；D.then然后。由上文的“Itwasnotasuccess.”和本处的“TheyfoundsuccessinAmerica,___2___,incomputersandengineering.”可知，TimMa的父母开餐馆不成功，但在美国的计算机和工程领域取得了成功，上下文表转折，用however。故选A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他们自己的经历，TimMa的父母希望他能学习成为一名工程师。A.feelings感情；B.manners礼貌；C.predictions预测；D.experiences经历。由上文语境可知，TimMa的父母开餐馆不成功，但在美国的计算机和工程领域取得了成功，正是因为这种经历，TimMa的父母希望他能学习成为一名工程师。故选D项。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在成长过程中，TimMa考虑过很多工作，比如作家、消防员，甚至总统。A.persons人；B.jobs工作；C.dreams梦想；D.questions问题。由下文的“writer,fireman,evenpresident”可知，这是TimMa考虑过的工作。故选B项。42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不想当工程师。A.doctor医生；B.chef厨师；C.engineer工程师；D.professor教授。由上文的“Ma’sparentshopedhewouldstudytobecomeanengineer”和下文的“hejustwantedtoopenarestaurant”可知，TimMa的父母希望他能学习成为一名工程师，但TimMa却只想开餐馆做厨师，说明他不想当工程师。故选C项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母不明白他为什么只想开一家餐馆。A.relatives亲戚；B.friends朋友；C.parents父母；D.classmates同学。由上文的“Ma’sparentshopedhewouldstudytobecomeanengineer”和下文的“couldnotunderstandwhyhejustwantedtoopenarestaurant”可知，TimMa的父母希望他能学习成为一名工程师，对于TimMa为什么只想开一家餐馆一事，应该是TimMa的父母不明白。故选C项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在自己的餐厅工作了很长时间，但仍然失败。A.working工作；B.disappearing消失；C.falling落下；D.failing失败。由上文的“Itwasnotasuccess.”可知，TimMa的父母开餐馆不成功，即失败了。故选D项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但TimMa仍然坚信这一点。A.certain确定的；B.silent沉默的；C.calm冷静的；D.anxious焦虑的。由下文的“Hewasgoingtodothingsdifferentlythanthem.”和“So,atage30,Mareturnedtoschool—onecookingschool.Hereceivedtraining”可知，TimMa打算用不同于父母的方式开餐馆，之后还去进行厨艺培训，说明他对自己开餐馆做厨师一事很确定。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为餐馆老板，他能够从父母的一个重大错误中吸取教训，因为他们对烹饪艺术知之甚少。A.habit习惯；B.practice练习；C.point观点；D.mistake错误。由上文的“Itwasnotasuccess.”可知，TimMa的父母开餐馆不成功，而坚定自己开餐馆之路的TimMa要从父母开餐馆失败的错误中吸取教训。故选D项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的厨师走了，在街对面开了一家中国餐馆，这让他们的处境很糟糕。A.came来；B.left离开；C.stole偷；D.cheated欺骗。由下文的“openedaChineserestaurantacrossthestreet”可知，厨师在街对面开了一家中国餐馆，说明厨师离开了TimMa的餐馆。故选B项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的厨师走了，在街对面开了一家中国餐馆，这让他们的处境很糟糕。A.situation处境、情况；B.habit习惯；C.sense感觉；D.feeling感情。由上文的“Theirchef(厨师)___10___andopenedaChineserestaurantacrossthestreet”可知，厨师离开了TimMa的餐馆，还在街对面开了一家中国餐馆，多了竞争对手，这让TimMa的餐馆处境很糟糕。故选A项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接受了法国烹饪的训练。A.Chinese中国的；B.American美国的；C.French法国的；D.Mexican墨西哥的。由下文的“histraininginFrenchcooking”可知，TimMa接受了法国烹饪的训练。故选C项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，TimMa开了他的第一家餐厅，提供一流的菜肴。A.serves提供、服务；B.studies学习；C.collects收集；D.benefits受益。由下文的“excellentcuisine”可知，TimMa的第一家餐厅提供一流的菜肴。故选A项。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的努力得到了回报。A.tookoff脱下；B.paidoff得到回报；C.ranout用完；D.gotout出去。由上文的“AtMapleAvenue,Maworkedlonghours,sevendaysaweek.”和下文的“Maopenedhisfourthrestaurantlastyear.”可知，TimMa之后开了他的第四家餐厅，说明他的努力工作得到了回报。故选B项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将自己在法国烹饪方面的训练与他的中国传统相结合，创造了新的菜肴。A.improved提高；B.shared分享；C.translated翻译；D.mixed融合。由下文的“histraininginFrenchcookingwithhisChineseheritage”可知，TimMa将自己在法国烹饪方面的训练与他的中国传统相结合，才创造出了新菜肴。故选D项。第Ⅱ卷（62.5分）第三部分英语知识运用（共二节，满分22.5分）第一节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或词首字母，写出空缺处单词的正确形式。53.Lastyear,IhadthechancetostudyataBritishseniorhighschoolasane________student.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】exchange##xchange【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：去年，我有机会作为交换生去英国的一所高中学习。根据句意可知，设空处应填名词exchange构成exchangestudent，意为“交换生”。故填exchange。54.Doyouknowhowmanya________willtakepartinthe2022WinterOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijing?(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】athletes##thletes【解析】【详解】考查名词的数。句意：你知道有多少运动员将参加在北京举行的2022年冬季奥运会吗？athlete(运动员)是可数名词，由howmany修饰，用其复数形式。故填athletes。55.Theaudiencemademanypositivec________onthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin【答案】comments##omments【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：观众对电影《长津湖之战》给予了许多好评。makecommentson对……作出评论。根据首字母提示及句意，故填comments。56.HowIwishIcouldspeakEnglishasf_________asanativespeaker!（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】fluently【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：我多么希望我的英语说得和母语人士一样流利啊！根据所给句子和首字母提示可推出是副词fluently“流利地”，此处作状语修饰动词speak。