形容词与副词的原级和比较级的用法及习题

Adj.adv.2021/6/271第一课时2021/6/272用来对名词或某些代词在性质、特征或状态等方面加以修饰的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容词?在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．2021/6/273e.g.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?作定语2021/6/274Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.常与感官系动词连用：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go等Thecaketastesdelicious.作表语2021/6/275形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.作宾语补足语Colouritgreen.2021/6/276有一些形容词前+the后，具有名词词性。可以作主语或宾语。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.作主语和宾语2021/6/277有些形容词只能作定语，有些形容词只能作表语。sleeping定语asleepingboyasleep表语theboyisasleep.定语：sick,live,little等区别表语：ill,alive,alone等2021/6/278句子中的位置形容词作定语时，分为前置定语和后置定语。

大部分形容词可以做前置定语。anoldAmericanlady2021/6/279形容词短语、介词短语或不定式短语做后置定语。Theboyunderthetreeismybrother.2021/6/2710形容词按音节可分为：

多音节词双音节词单音节词2021/6/2711形容词级别可分为：

原级比较级最高级2021/6/2712形容词的级原级：即形容词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。smaller,better,taller,older,more最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。smallest,tallest,newest,best少数形容词只有原形，没有比较级和最高级。如right,wrong,woolen(羊毛制的)等。2021/6/2713Thistreeisas____asthattree.Thegreenbagisas____asthered.Thispenisnotas____asthatpen.tallbiglong原级比较是说明两个人物或事物的程度是一样2021/6/2714当两个人或两件事物进行比较时程度不一样，就要用到形容词比较级，也就是词尾-er形式，比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物。e.g.Iamshorterthanyou.比较级比较是区分两个人物或事物的程度不一样2021/6/2715

最高级一般用于三者（或三者以上）之间的比较。“最……”。

Chinaisthelargestofthecountries.Johnisthetallestintheclass.

2021/6/2716YaoMingisJordan.Jordanistall.YaoMingistaller.Jordan2.26m1.98mtallerthan2021/6/2717ZengZhiweiisshort.PanChangjiangisPanChangjiangisZengZhiwei.shorter.shorterthan2021/6/2718LiuHuanisheavy.FeiMaoisFeiMaoisLiuHuan.80kg90kgheavier.heavierthan2021/6/2719LinXinruisthin.LiuYifeiisLiuYifeiisLinXinru.45kg48kgthinner.thinnerthan2021/6/2720moreoutgoingLiYongisChenglong.ChengLongisoutgoing.LiYongismoreoutgoing.outgoingmoreoutgoingthan2021/6/2721athleticChengLongismoreathletic

thanLiXiaopeng.LiXiaopengisathletic.ChengLongismoreathletic.moreathletic2021/6/2722funny,serious,smart,calm,wild,big,fat,outgoing,athletic,dirty,heavy,thin,tallsmaller

easierhottermoreinterestingsmarterfunnierheavierdirtierbiggerthinnerfattermoreoutgoingmoreseriousmoreathleticcalmerwildertaller找规律：2021/6/2723形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化不规则变化2021/6/2724形容词比较级的构成一、规则变化（一）

单音节和少数双音节的变化规则

（1）一般在词尾加-er,-est。

smart—smarter,smartesthigh—higher,highestsmall—smaller,smallest

tall—taller,tallest

long—longer,longest2021/6/2725(2).以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加-r,-st.

nice—nicer,nicestfine—finer,finest(3).以“辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的”，把ｙ变ｉ，再加-er,-est。early—earlier,earliesthappy—happier,happiesteasy—easier,easiestheavy—heavier,heaviestfunny—funnier,funniest2021/6/2726(4)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个字母，再加-er,-est.如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等

fat—fatter,fattest thin—thinner,thinnestbig—bigger,biggest hot—hotter,hottestred—redder ,reddestsad—sadder,saddestwet—wetter,wettest2021/6/2727(5)以–ow,-er结尾的双音节词，加-er,-est.

clever—cleverer,cleverestnarrow—narrower,narrowest2021/6/2728(二）多音节和部分双音节形容词或副词在原级前加more,most。popular--morepopular,mostpopulardifficult--moredifficult,mostdifficultbeautiful--morebeautiful,mostbeautifulinteresting—moreinteresting,

mostinteresting

slowly—moreslowly,mostslowly2021/6/2729特例（1）由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词前加more,most.

interesting--moreinteresting,mostinterestingexciting--moreexciting,mostexcitingbored--morebored,mostboredrelaxed--morerelaxed,mostrelaxed2021/6/2730词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est规则变化2021/6/2731原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不规则变化巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远2021/6/2732构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：2021/6/2733(二)不规则变化部分不规则形容词或副词good/well----bettermany/much----morebad/badly/ill----worselittle----lessfar----farther/furtherold----older/elder巧记：（1）特殊形式比较级共有二对二合一外加一对三合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远（2）二好，二多，三坏一少，一老，一远2021/6/2734

old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→early→delicious→friendly→important→hungry→healthy→outgoing→good\well→little→older／elderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercoolerearliermoredeliciouslessbettermoreoutgoinghealthierhungriermoreimportantmorefriendly2021/6/2735讲述某人或某物自身情况时用原级。可以修饰原级的词：very,too,so,more,quite,alot,alittle,enough,rather等基本句型

(1)主语+谓语+形容词原级+….Heisveryoldnow.他现在很老了。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天气看上去相当糟Iamsohappy.我是如此的快乐。原级的用法2021/6/2736表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：

(2)主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词原级+as+第二个人物+….和…一样

如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一样兴奋。Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他们摘的苹果和农民一样多。Thegirlisasbrilliantasbeautiful.这个女孩的智慧和美丽一样突出。2021/6/2737表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:

(3)主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词+as和…不一样，…不如…He

is

not

so

/

as

excited

as

his

younger

sister.他没他妹妹那么兴奋。They

didn’t

pick

so

/

as

many

apples

as

thefarmers

(did).

他们摘的苹果不如农民多。Tonyisn’tso/astallasTom.托尼和汤姆不一样高。2021/6/2738

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时用比较级。可以修饰比较级的词：alittle,abit,alot,much,far,even,still,rather等基本句型：

⑴A原级.B比较级.例：1）Bobistall.Mikeistaller.2）Thiscakeisdelicious.Thatcakeismoredelicious.比较级的用法2021/6/2739

⑶Who/Which+is+比较级…,AorB?例：1）Whoistaller,MikeorBob?2）Whichofthemistaller,MikeorBob?

说明：此句型中的or不可改为and。⑵B+谓语+比较级+than+A例：1）MikeistallerthanBob(is).2）Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.注意：theone代替可数名词单数theones或those代替可数名词复数that代替不可数名词

2021/6/2740⑷moreandmore句型即“比较级+and+（同一个）比较级”句型。此句型表示“越来越……”。多音节比较级用“moreand

more＋形容词原级”形式。例：1）Ourlifeisbetterandbetter.

2）Youlookmoreandmorebeautiful.⑸Themore…,themore…句型具体结构：The+比较级+一个句子，the+另一比较级+一个句子。表示“越……越……“。例：Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.

2021/6/2741⑹两者范围内的比较具体结构：The+比较级+of+thetwo/twins/parents。表示“两者之间最…一个。例：1).Mayisthetallerofthetwins.2).Heisthebraverofthetwoboys.

2021/6/2742使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点：1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格形式，但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。如：MybrotheristallerthanI/me.2)当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,still等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very,so,too,quite等修饰。如：Heismuchmoreseriousthan

Sam.2021/6/27433)形容词比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物,但在上下文明确的情况下,形容词比较级可单独使用。如：Mysisteristall,butmyauntistaller.我姐姐个子高,但我姑姑个子更高。4)进行比较的人和物必须是同一类。

Mybooksaremorethanyours.

Ihavemorebooksthanyou.2021/6/2744

讲述三者或三者以上的差异,一个人物是其中之最用最高级。最高级前必须加the.可以修饰最高级的词：byfar,much,really,very,almost等基本句型：

⑴A+系+the+最高级+(名词)+表示范围短语（in,among,of…)例：1）Heistheyoungestinhisfamily.2）Lucyisthemostcarefulamongus.最高级的用法2021/6/2745

⑶Who/Which+is+最高级…,A，BorC?例：1）Whichcountryisthemostfascinating,China,AmericaorFrance?2）Whichistheshortest,Mike,JohnorBob?

说明：此句型中的or不可改为and。⑵…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数例：1）JackieChenisoneofthemostpopularstars.2）LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.2021/6/2746⑷比较级表达最高级含义句型：

the+最高级+名词+范围=比较级+than+anyother+名词单数theother+名词复数anyoftheother+名词复数therestof+名词复数alltheother+名词单数theothersanyofothersanyone/anythingelse2021/6/2747第二课时2021/6/2748表示行为特征或性状特征的词。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。e.g.什么叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.2021/6/2749一、副词的用法

1.作状语（1）副词主要在句中作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等。

A、修饰动词

He

works

hard.

B、修饰形容词

She

is

a

very

beautiful

girl

.

C、修饰另一个副词

She

speaks

English

quite

well.

D、修饰介词短语

The

hospital

is

just

around

the

corner.

2021/6/2750(2)作表语

:放在系动词后

He

will

be

back

in

a

day

or

two.(3)作定语

：一般放在被修饰的名词之后

This

book

here

is

the

most

useful.

（4）作复合宾语：放在及物动词后Isawyououtwithmyfriendtheotherday.2021/6/2751二、副词的分类名称例词在句子中的位置时间副词today,early,soon,now,then,recently，still时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。例如：①Hewillbebacktomorrow.他明天将回来。②Yesterdayweallwenttothepark.昨天我们都去公园了。2021/6/2752名称例词在句子中的位置地点副词表示地点的副词：somewhere,here，there，downstairs地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。例如：①Thechildrenareplayingdownstairs.孩子们正在楼下玩。②HerepeoplearepracticingspeakingEnglish.人们在这儿练习说英语。③Pleasegostraightdownthestreet.请沿着这条街一直往前走。表示方向的副词：off,down,up,out2021/6/2753名称例词在句子中的位置程度副词verymuch,enough,quite,almost,rather常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与much连用并置于句末。例如：Tomisoldenoughtogotoschool.汤姆已经足够大可以去上学了。疑问副词how,when,where,why主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。例如：①Whereareyougoingforvacation?你打算去哪里度假？②Whywereyoulateforourmeetinglastnight?昨晚我们开会你为什么迟到了？2021/6/2754三、副词的比较等级1.用于两者不同级的比较。“副词比较级+than”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：MikeworksmorecarefullythanJack.

迈克工作比杰克细心。2.. “（not）as/so+副词原级+as”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如：Youdon’tgetupso/asearlyasI.

你没我起得早。

2021/6/27553.最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级前可加也可不加定冠词the.例如：

Ofallthestudentsinourclass,shewrites(the)mostbeautifully.

在我们全班同学中，她书写得最漂亮。2021/6/27562021/6/2757old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→olderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercooler2021/6/27581.I’mtallbutmysisteris________(short).2.Mymotherhaslonghair,andmysisterhas________(long)hair.3.Thislittlebabyis_________________(outgoing)thanthatone.shorterlongermoreoutgoing

2021/6/27594.Insomewayswelookthesame,insomewayswelook____________(不同).5.Annisavery____________(安静的)girl,shehardlymakesnoise.differentquiet2021/6/2760练习：用所给形容词的适当形式填空。①Herhairis______(long)thanmine.②Whois______(short),TomorJack?③Lilyis________(quiet)thanhersister.④Tina,pleasecometoschoolalittle______(early)nexttime.longershorterquieterearlier2021/6/2761⑤The______(hard)youstudy,the_____(good)gradesyou’llget.⑥Itbecomes_____and_____(hot)whensummercomes.harderbetterhotterhotter2021/6/2762练习：单项选择。1.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea__________one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller2.—DoyouthinkMarchis__________thanJanuary?—Yes,it’s__________warmer.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quite

2021/6/2763

3.Herbagisnewerthan__________.A.mine B.my C.me D.I4.TheweatherinNorthChinaiscolderthan__________inSouthChina.A.\B.this C.theoneD.that2021/6/27645.Whichoneis__________,thisoneorthatone?A.goodB.bad C.best D.better

6.Ithinkyourroomis__________bigger.A.alot B.alotof C.lotsof D.more2021/6/2765

6.Lucyisveryshort,butsheis___thanhersister.A.shorter B.longer C.tallerD.older7.Frankis____friendlythanhisbrother.A.alittlemore B.afewmore C.much D.alittle8.Samis____atChinesethanJim.A.good B.well C.better D.gooderCAC2021/6/27669.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea_____one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller10.DoyouthinkMarchis____thanJanuary?Yes,it’s__warmer.A.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quiteDA2021/6/2767Practice:(1)Iamalittle__________thanyou.(tall)(2)Tomis_________thanJack.(cool)(3)Thisgirlis________thanthat.(nice)(4)Thisquestionis_________thanthatone.(easy)(5)Mypocketmoneyismuch__________thanyours.(much)(6)Shestudieseven__________thanbefore.(hard)(7)Hefeelsalot___________thanyesterday.(good)(8)Mybrotheris__________thanme.(old)(9)Mycountrywillbecome___________.(beautiful)(10)Lilyis_________thanherclassmates.(thin)tallercooler(11)Ithinktodayis__________thanyesterday.(tired)nicereasiermoreharderbettereldermorebeautifulthinnermoretired注1可修饰比较级的词有alittle、much、even、alot等！注2tired的比较级与最高级特殊在前加more、most2021/6/2768(12)Heisthe________inhisclass.(tall)(13)Mingismy_______friend.(good)(14)Todayisthe__________dayinthismonth.(hot)(15)Mr.Wangisthe__________teacher.(popular)(16)IthinkIamthe_________peopleintheworld.(happy)tallestbesthottestmostpopularhappiest注：最高级前往往加the2021/6/2769Advantage:_____heworks,______heis.ABusy,happyBBusier,happierCThebusier,thehappierDThebusy,thehappyC语法掌握：“The+比较级，the+比较级”意思：越……就越……2021/6/27701.Theboybecomes_____________.AmoreandmorecoolerBcoolandcoolCcoolerandcoolerDmorecoolerandmorecooler

C2.Thegirlbecomes____________.AmoreandmorebeautifulBmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulCbeautifulandbeautifulDbeautifulerandbeautifuler

B语法掌握：“比较级and比较级”意思：越来越……2021/6/27711.______Ieat,_______Iam.AMore,fatterBThemore,thefatterCMuch,fatDThemuch,thefat

B2.Ourcountryisbecoming_________AbetterandbetterBmoreandmoregoodCbestandbestDgoodandgood

A2021/6/2772Choosethebestanswer:1.It’sgetting_______.A.warmandwarmerB.warmerandwarmerC.morewarmer2.–Whichonedoyoulikebetter?--The___one.A.moreniceB.bigerC.cheaper3.Ourcountryisbecoming_____.A.muchandmuchbeautifulB.manyandmanybeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful

BCC2021/6/27734.TomspeaksChinese___betterthanwe.A.littleB.alotofC.much5.Ofthetenbooks,Ilikethisone___.A.veryB.betterC.best6.The____wegettogether,the____we’llbe.A.more;happierB.many;happierC.more;happy7.Geographyisn’t___thanhistory,butit’sas___ashistory.A.difficult;importantB.moredifficult;importantC.difficult;moreimportantCCAB2021/6/27748.Myteacherhelpsusas____asshecan.A.manyB.muchC.more9.Whichoneis___,thewatch,thebikeortheTVset?A.moreexpensiveB.mostexpensiveC.themostexpensive10.Basketballis____thanping-pongball.A.moreinterestingB.muchinterestingC.veryinterestingBCA2021/6/27751.Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumped____inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed______A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiestCCPracticeA2021/6/27764.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven____inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond______islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis____thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavierDCD2021/6/27777.Ahorseis______thanadog.A.muchheavy