Unit3FitforlifeReading课件高中英语译林版(2020)选择性

牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件Unit3FitforlifeReading33Thefutureisinourgenes制作者：桂东一中李宇平◆内容分析【What】本板块的话题为“基因组编辑”，语篇来自一位生物学家的讲座文稿。演讲者首先介绍了基因和基因组的概念和作用；然后描述了基因组编辑技术如何用以治疗和预防种种疾病；随后话锋一转，点出这一技术的不正当使用可能引发道德等层面的问题；最后展望未来，对基因组编辑这一革命性的医学技术予以肯定。【Why】演讲者在文中清晰而鲜明地表达了对基因组编辑技术的态度：一方面是肯定、兴奋，另一方面则是严肃、谨慎。对尖端科技的解释和展望有助于我们了解医学进步对人类生命健康和未来社会发展的重要意义和积极影响，激发创新精神；对这项技术潜在风险的分析则提醒我们要理性思考，以严谨、科学的态度辩证地看待医学发展，学会尊重生命、尊重科学。

【How】本文的语篇类型是讲座文稿。演讲标题既点明主旨又饱含深意；演讲者由浅入深、循序渐进地为听众呈现了生物医学的相关知识，主题鲜明，脉络清晰。在语言特点上，演讲者采用了简明通俗的语言对“基因”“基因组编辑”“设计婴儿”等科学名词进行相应的解释，并多次采用举例、反问、比喻等手法阐明道理，激发听众对话题的兴趣。学习本篇有助于我们掌握演讲的格式和特点，有意识地用英语来学习其他学科的知识。◆教学目标Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.discussthepossiblechangesgenomeeditingcanbringtohumanlifeandhealthcare;2.explaintheirattitudestowards“designerbabies”;3.understandtherelationshipbetweengeneticmarkersandhumanlifespans;4.usesuffixestobuildmorewordfamilies(语族).designerbabies设计婴儿(指父母和医生选择基因，使婴儿具有特定的特征）geneticmarker遗传标记suf·fix

/ˈsʌfɪks/后缀

Advancesinmedicalsciencearehappeningquicklythesedays.Thelecturebelowisgivenbyabiologistaboutthenewpossibilitiesthatgeneresearchcanbring.Beforeyoureadthelecturetranscript,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:1)Whatadvancesinmedicalsciencehaveyouheardabout?

Ihaveheardaboutthree-Dprintingthatisusedforprintingpartsofthebodytoreplacethosethatarelostorinjuredbeyondrepair.

Forexample,alegorearcanbethree-Dprintedtotheprecise

measurementsofthepatient.PrecisionmedicineisanothermedicaladvanceIknowabout.Thishealthcareapproachtakesintoconsiderationpatients’genes,lifestylesandenvironmentstofinduniqueriskfactorsanddeveloppersonalized

therapies.Bothofthesemedicaladvancesareincrediblebecausetheyaretailor-madeandthereforeprovideaccurateandeffectivetreatmentsforthepatients.meas·ure·ment

/ˈmeʒəmənt/（某物的）尺寸，长度，数量pre·ci·sion

/prɪˈsɪʒn/精确；准确；细致,=accuracymedicine医疗/学healthcare医疗（服务）;医疗保健2)Whatdoyouknowaboutgenes?

Iknowthatgenesarefoundinthecellsofalllivingthings.GenesareverysmallandcarrytheDNAinformationwhichdecideswhatwebecome.Alllivingorganismshavedifferentgenes;therefore,notwoindividualsare100%alike,eventhoughtheremaybesimilarities.AttheDNAlevel,notevenidenticaltwinsarethesame.Scientistsarestudyinggenestohelppreventhealthproblemsfrombeingpassedonfromparentstotheirchildren.Theyarealsotryingtofindwaystotreatdiseasesthatarecausedbybadgenes.identicaltwin同卵双胞胎carry贴有（标签）；附有（信息）;支撑；承载;携带or·gan·ism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/有机体；生物；（尤指）微生物

A.UnderstandingthetextPage32A1.Readthelecturetranscriptandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachparagraph.lives.Genesplayacriticalroleinshapingourlives.Genomeeditingcanhelpwithdiseasetreatmentandprevention.Manypeopleareconcernedabouthowtousegenomeeditingappropriately.Despitethepublicargument,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatestinventionsinthehistoryofscience.ThefutureisinourgenesGoodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.Thankyouall1.___comingtothislecture.2._______thecourseofmycareer,I3._________(see)manywonderfulscientificdevelopments,4.____noneareasgame-changing5.___genomeediting.Iamfullof6.__________(excite)aboutthe7.___________(possible)thisscientificadvancecanbringandIhopetosharemyexcitement8._____youtoday.forOver/Inhaveseenbutasexcitementpossibilitieswithin/overthecourseof...:during在…期间；在…的时候game-changing

改变游戏规则的，颠覆性的,彻底改变行业面貌的，能扭转局面的1.___manyofyoumayalreadyknow,genesplayacriticalrole2.___shapingourlives.Everything3._____thecolourofoureyestoourtalent4.____maths5.________(depend)ongenes.Thecompletesetofgenesinsideacelloralivingbeing6.________(call)agenome.Ourownpersonalgenomecarriesalltheinformation7._______(need)tomakeusgrowand8.________(develop).在座的很多人可能已经知道，基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。

Asinfromdependsforiscalledneededdevelopset(ofsth)一套，一副，一组（类似的东西）Italso1.________(contain)information2.__________helps3.______________(determine)ourlifespanandaffectsourchances4.___contractingcertaindiseases.Somepeople,5.____example,6._____(carry)agenethat7.______(make)them8.__________(likely)tocatchacertainvirus9.___develop10.___particularformofcancer.基因组包含的信息也有助于决定我们的寿命长短并影响我们罹患某种疾病的概率。比如，有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更易感染某种病毒，或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。containsthat/which(to)

determineofforcarrymakesmorelikelyorachance

ofdoingsth/that...(尤指希望发生的事的)可能性catch得病；染疾Geneticistshavebeentrying1._________(identify)whichgenesrelate2.___whichdiseases,3.___theybelievegenomeeditingis4.___effectivemeans5.___diseasetreatmentand6.__________(prevent).Itallowsgeneticists7.________(make)changes8.___thegenome9.___correcting,adding,deletingor10._________(replace)specificpartsofthe11._______(gene)material.遗传学家相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段，因此他们一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分来改变基因组。gen·eti·cist

/dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/遗传学家toidentifytoasanofpreventiontomaketobygeneticreplacing1.___thenearfuture,geneticistshope2.________(apply)thistechnology3._______(treat)awiderangeofhealthproblems.Soonwemaybeabletousesuchtreatments4.__________(restore)ablindperson’svision5.___givesomeone6._____wasborndeaf

7.___excellentsenseofhearing.

在不久的将来，遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。也许我们很快就能用这些疗法帮助盲人恢复视力，或使先天性耳聋患者获得敏锐的听力。awide/fullrange(ofsth)一系列;各种各样的Intoapplytotreattorestoreorwhoan1.__________(ultimate),thisnewtechnologymightevenmake2.__possible3.__________(prevent)diseases4._____ever5.__________(develop)bycorrecting6.__________(normal)genesearlyon.Genomeediting,7._______(serve)asanewweaponinthefight8._______diseases,9.________(lead)to10.__fundamentalchangeinourapproach11.___healthcare.最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。earlyon在初期；在开始阶段；早先Ultimately

ittoprevent

fromdevelopingabnormalservingagainstwillleadato

Asthetechnology1._________(continue)todevelop2.___afastpace,3.________,questionsariseabout4.___touseit5.____________(appropriate).Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnology6.___the7.__________(treat)andpreventionofdiseases?Shouldweprohibitgeneticists8._____usingit9.___________(enhance)healthybodies?然而，随着基因组编辑不断迅猛发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成为了问题。我们是否应该将其应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？continuesathoweverhowappropriatelytotreatmentfromtoenhanceOnedaysoonwe1.______(be)abletousegenomeeditingtoincreasethehuman2._________(resist)tocoldsandflu,tomakepeople3._____(tall),tohelptheirmusclesdevelopfaster,to4.________(sharp)alloftheir5.______(sense)or6._______(make)them7.______________(intelligent).Wewillalsobeabletoselectspecificcharacteristicsforchildren8.______theyareborn,9.________(create)10._____somehavecalled“designerbabies”.11._______,isthisagoodthing?Whatconsequencesmightithave?sharp·en

(sth)(up)/ˈʃɑːpən/（使）提高，改善,=improvewillberesistancetallersharpensensestomakemoreintelligentbeforecreatingwhatHoweverPhilosophers,geneticistsandgovernmentofficialshaveallstartedtowrestle1.____suchmoralissues.Wehavetofigure2.____how3.______(keep)thetechnologyfrom4._______(run)wild.Thismeans5._______(put)appropriatecontrols6.__place7._______(make)surethatgenomeeditingwillwork8.__ouradvantage.9.________them,genomeeditingcouldbeas10.__________(danger)asacar11.____ofcontrol.phil·oso·pher

/fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/哲学家;深思的人；善于思考的人runwild变得荒芜；自由生长；任其发展;恣意妄为；变得狂野be/worktoyouradvantage对…有利；转而有利于withouttokeeprunningputtingintomaketoWithoutdangerousoutThereisstillmuch1._____________(explore)anddebatedonthesubjectofgenomeediting.2._______thepublic3._________(argue)overthistechnology,its4.___________(possible)havebeencreatingmuchexcitement5.__________theentiremedicalcommunity

andbeyond.6._______doubt,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatest7._________(invent)inthehistoryofscience.Thankyouforlistening.对于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论，但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。cre·ate/kriˈeɪt/造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象）tobeexploredDespiteargumentpossibilitiesthroughoutWithoutinventionsA2.Readthelecturetranscriptagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.Page321.Whatinformationdoesourpersonalgenomecarry?

Itcarriesalltheinformationneededtomakeusgrowanddevelop.Italsocontainsinformationthathelpsdetermineourlifespanandaffectsourchancesofcontractingcertaindiseases.2.Howcangeneticistsmakechangestothegenome?3.Howmightgenomeeditingmakeitpossibletopreventdiseasesfromdeveloping?

Bycorrecting,adding,deletingorreplacingspecificpartsofthegeneticmaterial.

Bycorrectingabnormalgenesearlyon.4.Whatisa“designerbaby”?5.Whatdoesthelecturercompareuncontrolledgenomeeditingto?

A“designerbaby”isababywhosecharacteristicshavebeenspecificallyselectedbeforeitisborn.

Thelecturercomparesittoacaroutofcontrol.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.Page32

1.Howdoesthelecturerfeelaboutgenomeediting?Findevidencefromthelecturetranscripttosupportyouropinion.

Thelecturerfeelsveryexcitedaboutgenomeediting.Hedescribesitasthemost“game-changing”amongthemanywonderfulscientificdevelopmentsand“oneofthegreatestinventionsinthehistoryofscience”.However,thelecturerisalsoconcernedthatthistechnologymightnotbeusedappropriately.Helistsafewmoralissuesbeforewarningthatweneedtoputappropriatecontrolsinplacetopreventgenomeeditingfromrunningwildandmakesureitwillworktoouradvantage.

2.Thelecturermentionsthatonedaywewillbeabletocreate“designerbabies”.Whatdoyouthinkof“designerbabies”?

Idonotthinkweshoulddesignbabiesunlessitisbecauseofseriousphysicalormentalhealthconcerns.Thereisnoneedtodesignababyifitsparentsareperfectlyhealthy.Naturalgeneselectionensuresdiversityamongourspecies,soif“designerbabies”becomethenorm,thediversitylevelwilldrop.norm

/nɔːm/常态,正常行为,=rule;规范；行为标准;标准；定额；定量

Overtime,thiscouldleadtothemajorityofpeoplebeingbornwithsimilarintelligencelevels,similarphysicalfeaturesandperhaps,evensimilarpersonalities.Humanscouldevolveinto“superbeings”,whichsomepeoplemaybelievetobegoodforus,butinterferingwithournaturalevolutioncouldresultindisaster.Idonotthinkweshouldtakethechance.风险；冒险evolve(sth)(fromsth)(intosth)/iˈvɒlv/（使）逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变;进化；进化形成inter·fere

withsth.

/ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/妨碍；干扰;弄坏（器材等）evo·lu·tion/ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/进化;演变；发展；渐进

3.Whatcontrolscanweputinplacetomakesurethatgenomeeditingwillworktoouradvantage?

Governmentsaroundtheworldshouldworktogethertomakelawsandregulationsaboutwhengenomeeditingcanandcannotbeused.First,theselawsandregulationsshouldcovervariousaspectsofgenomeediting,suchasethicalissuesandsecurity,andtheymayhavetobeintroducedatmultiplelevels—global,nationalandevenregional.regu·la·tion

/ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/章程；规章制度；规则；法规;管理，控制eth·ic·al

/ˈeθɪkl/（有关）道德的；伦理的;合乎道德的mul·tiple

/ˈmʌltɪpl/数量多的；多种多样的regional/ˈriːdʒənl/地区的；区域的；地方的

Second,genomeeditingequipmentneedstobestrictlycontrolledsothatitdoesnotfallintothewronghands.Finally,governments,scientists,stakeholdersandthepublicneedtoworktogethertoenforceappropriateusageofgenomeediting.Theapplicationoftheselawsandregulationsregardinggenomeeditingwillonlybesuccessfulifallpartiesconcernedcooperate.fallintosb'shands/thehandsofsb:受制于某人；被某人控制wrong不合适的；不适当的；不合意的stake·hold·er

/ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r)/参与人，参与方；有权益关系者en·forcesth(on/againstsb/sth)/ɪnˈfɔːs/强制执行，强行实施（法律或规定）B.BuildingyourlanguagePage33B1.Thenewsreportbelowisaboutthediscoveryofgeneticmarkersthataretiedtolifespans.Completethenewsreportwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.pacemeansidentifywrestlewithcellfundamentalaffectwithoutdoubtgeneticmarker遗传标记betiedtosth.使…紧密联系;连接；联合；使紧密结合Thisweek,ateamofscientistsbasedinSwitzerlandannouncedthediscoveryofsixteengeneticmarkersthatrelatetohumanlifespans.(1)_____________,thediscoveryisanimportantfindinginthefieldofgenetics.Foryears,scientistshavebeenworkingto(2)_______specificgeneticmarkersthatareconnectedwithalonglifespan.Untilrecently,onlytwosuchmarkerswereknowntothescientificcommunity(团体；社团；界).Withoutdoubtidentifybased在…居住（或工作）；基地（或总部）在…;（以某事）为基础，为根据-based

(构成复合词)以…为重要部分（或特征）；以…为主Switzerland/ˈswɪtsələnd/瑞士

Genesplayacriticalroleinoverallhealth.Every(3)____inthehumanbodycontainsgeneticinformation.△Everythingfromtheageingprocesstothedevelopmentofdeadlydiseases,suchascancer,istiedtoanindividual’sgeneticmake-up.However,scientistshavelongbeen(4)_____________thequestionaboutwhichgeneticmarkersindicateashortorlonglifespan.Thediscoverybytheresearchteammayquickenthe(5)_____ofthestudyongenesandhumanlifespans,andeventuallyhelpanswerthisquestion.age·ing

/ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/adj.变老的；老朽的；变旧的；老化的;n.变老；苍老；变旧；老化make-up组成成分；构成方式;性格；气质;化妆品;补考cellwrestlingwithpaceScientistssaythatlocatingthesesixteengeneticmarkerswillgreatly

improvetheirunderstandingofhowgenes(6)_____lifespans.Thesegeneticmarkersmayeventuallyfunctionasa(7)______oftargetingthespecificgenesconnectedwithlifespans.Thiscouldsignificantlyenhancepeople’schancesoflivingtoaripeoldage.Accordingtosomescientists,itcouldmakea(8)___________changetothefutureofhumanlife.functionassb/sth起…作用；具有…功能target/ˈtɑːɡɪt/以(某特定人群)为目标;针对，瞄准，指向sig·nifi·cant·ly/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/有重大意义地；显著地；明显地；意味深长地affectmeansfundamental

B2.Thelecturetranscriptusesanumberofwordsrelatedto“gene”.Lookattheexamples,thinkofmorewordfamilieswithasimilarpatternandfillinthetablebelow.Page331.-(t)ics/-(o)logy:thestudyofasubjectgenetics/dʒɪˈnɛtɪks/遗传学,statistics/stəˈtɪstɪks/统计数据,economics/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/经济学,linguistics/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/语言学,sociology/ˌsəʊsɪˈɒlədʒɪ/社会学,climatology/ˌklaɪməˈtɒlədʒɪ/气候学politics,physics,biol·ogy,zo·ology/zəʊˈɒlədʒi/

2.-(t)ic/-al:relatedtogenetic基因的；遗传学的economic/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/经济的；经济上的；经济学的,有利可图的；可赚钱的；合算的eco·nom·ic·al/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/经济的；实惠的;节俭的；节约的；简洁的;精打细算的；省钱的linguistic

/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/语言的；语言学的,mathematical/ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/数学的,political

/pəˈlɪtɪkl/政治的；政府的；政权的,musical

/ˈmjuːzɪkl/音乐的；有音乐的his·tor·ic·al/hɪˈstɒrɪkl/（有关）历史的;历史学的;历史题材的his·tor·ic/hɪˈstɒrɪk/历史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的;有史时期的3.-ist/-ian:apersonwhostudiesasubjectgeneticist/dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/遗传学家physicist