专题30 8BU6-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8BU6-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语1、I’mtrainingtobeavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.(P78)我正在训练成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。（1）train①vt.&vi.训练，锻炼，培养train…tobe…=train…as…把…训练成….如：Hismotherwantstotrainhissontobeaastronaut.【词汇拓展】n.training练习；锻炼如：Everymorninghespenttwohours

training

fortherace.②n.火车；列车如：I

almost

missed

my

train.

bytrain坐火车

onatrain在火车上takea/thetrain乘坐火车（2）volunteer①n.志愿者，志愿兵ThevolunteersforOlympicsareallhelpful.②vt.&vi.自愿去做;

当志愿兵;志愿提供volunteertodosth志愿做…

volunteerforsth志愿…如：TheyvolunteeredtoofferserviceduringOlympicgames.

③volunteer/voluntaryadj.自愿的，志愿的如：LastSunday,myclassmatesandIwenttotheparkforcollectingwaste,wealldothevolunteer/voluntarycleaners.2、Willyousupportme,Eddie?(P78)你能支持我吗，爱迪？aupportvt.支持；帮助;

支撑;

维持supporttodosth.支持做某事supportfor为…做准备【例句】Hesupportstodotheworkforme.Tomsupportedforthecharityforalongtime.3、It’smeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.(P78)为奥林匹克做些事是很有意义的。meaningfuladj.有意义的；反义词meaningless【例句】It’sameaningfuljobtoworkhere.meanv.意味着；打算meandoingsth.意味着做某事。【例句】Successmeansworkinghard.meantodosth.打算或企图做某事。【例句】Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?Wemeantocallonyoutomorrow.4、blind;deaf;disabled;elderly;homeless;poor(P79)(1)blindadj.瞎的常用短语：beblindto对...视而不见turnablindearto对...视而不见theblind瞎子，表示一类人【例句】Heisblindtosomethingstrange.Thepolicehaveturnedablindeyetothematter.Theblindarehopefultogetsomemoneyunderthehelpofthecharities.(2)deafadj.聋的bedeafto对...充耳不闻turnablindeyeto对...充耳不闻thedeaf聋子，表示一类人【例句】Hewasdeaftomyadvice.Sheturnedadeafeartoourwarningsandgotlost.Thedeafhasdifficultyinhearing.(3)the+某些形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数thedeaf聋人theblind盲人thedead死者theliving活着的人theyoung年轻人theold/theelderly老人thestrong强者theweak弱者thepoor穷人therich富人thesick病人thehomeless

5、LiuMingdidnotknowwhattoexpectwhenhevolunteeredfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGamesinShanghai,backinOctober2007.(P80)刘明并没有想在2007年10月底的上海夏季残奥会做志愿者工作中得到些什么。expectvt.&vi.期望；预料常用短语：expecttodosth期盼做某事expectsbtodosth期盼某人做某事常用句型：Iexpectso.我想会的expectthat期盼…【例句】Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.Heexpectedhertogowithhim.

6、TheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGamesgivechildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachancetoshowtheirskillstotheworld.(P80)夏季残奥会给有智障的孩子和成人向全世界展示他们技能的机会。（1）intellectualadj.智力的；有才智的（2）disabilityn.无能;

残疾；复数：disabilities【例句】We

have

many

areas

of

illnessanddisabilities.

able,ability,unable,disabled辨析ableadj.能够…的短语：beableto=can反义词：unable【例句】Heisabletopasstheexam.abilityn.能力【例句】Hisabilityisstrongerthanmine.disabledadj.残疾的【例句】Weshouldgiveseatstothedisabledpeopleonthebus.（3）chancen.机会，机遇；偶然，运气Thereisachancetodosth./fordoingsth.有机会做某事bychance偶然的【例句】Thereisachancetoworkhereifyoulike.Imetmyoldfriendbychanceinthestreetlastweek.

7、TheyincludeeventssimilartothoseintheOlympics,suchasbasketball,footballandswimming.(P80)他们包括很多与奥运会相似的项目，如篮球，足球和游泳。(1)similaradj.相似的besimilarto与…相似

【例句】Mynewdressissimilartotheoneyouhave.

besimilarin在…方面相似

【例句】Theyaresimilarinsomeway.(2)those【例题】Theseflowersaremorebeautifulthanthoseinmygarden.Lookatthatpen.Thispenissmaller.Itisalsoanoldpen.SoIwanttobuyanewonelikethat.8、Over40,000peoplegaveuptheirsparetimeforthe2007SpecialOlympicsWorldGames.(P80)超过4万人放弃他们的业余时间去看2007年残奥会。giveup放弃常见短语giveupdoingsth【例句】Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.give相关短语giveup放弃giveout分发；用完，用尽giveaway送掉,泄露giveback归还,恢复givewayto让路,让步

up相关短语

standup起立getup起床

pickup拾起，捡起lookup查找（资料），向上看

turnup调大音量putup举起，抬起；张贴

eatup吃光useup用光

setup建立，设立bringup养育9、Thentheyprovidedsupportfortheathletesandhelpedmaketheeventagreatsuccess.(P81)然后他们给运动员提供支持，使得这次比赛取得很大的成功。(1)provideprovidesthforsb=providesbwithsth给某人提供某物【例句】Theyprovidedsomenecessarysupportforpeopleinneed.=Theyprovidedpeopleinneedwithsomenecessarysupport.(2)supportn./v.支持【例句】Withyoursupport,wewillwinintheend.Hesupportedhissonallthetime.(3)successsuccessn.成功的人或事（可数）；成功（不可数）succeedv.成功常见短语：succeedindoingsth成功地做某事

successfuladj.成功的常见短语：besuccessfulindoingsth在做某事方面成功successfullyadv.成功地【例句】Shewasasuccessasanactress.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Hesucceededinplayinggames.10、ToLiHai,themostimportantthingisnottowinagoldorasilver,buttotakepart.(P81)对李海还说，最重要的事不是赢得金牌或是银牌，而是重在参与。（1）not…but…不是…而是…,如：Hecameherenotbecauseofyoubutbecauseofhisbrother.【拓展】notonly...but(also)...

不但…而且….在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。【例句】HeislearningnotonlyEnglishbut(also)French.notonly...but(also)...用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but(also)后的名词或代词的数一致。【例句】NotonlyZhouXiabutalsoherparentsarefondofwatchingfootballmatches.Notonlyyoubutalsoheistiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.辨析takepartin,join和joinin

①takepartin意为“参加，参与（某事物或某活动）”

【例句】HowmanycountrieswilltakepartintheWorldCup?

②join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一员”。

【例句】Shejoinedahealthclub.

③joinin和joininsth./doingsth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing。【例句】Theyalljoininsingingthesong.

11、HefeelsmoreconfidentnowbecauseoftheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames.(P81)由于残奥会他现在感觉更加有自信了。(1)confidentadj.自信的常见短语：beconfidentof……确信……【例句】Heisconfidentofthematch.【拓展】confidencen.自信havetheconfidencetodosth有信心做...

【例句】Ihavetheconfidencetowinthematch.

(2)becauseof与becausebecauseof后面直接跟一个名词、代词、动名词或者短语because后面跟一个句子，是来回答why问题，或者解释原因的。【例句】Heislateforclassbecauseofthebrokenclock.Heislateforclassbecausetheclockisbroken.12、It’sgreatforustoworkcloselywiththesespecialathletes.(P81)和这些特殊的运动员密切合作太棒了。closelyadv.接近地；紧密地；严密地；亲近地【拓展】close和closely辨析

当它们都作副词用时，close是距离上的接近，而closely是感情关系上的亲近。close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。

【例句】Comeclose,Iwanttotellyousomethingimportant．

Thepolicemanfollowedthestrangemanclosely．

13、donate(P84)捐献donatevt.&vi.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠常用短语：donatemoneyto…向...捐钱【例句】Ican

donate

onehundreddollarstopeopleinneed.【拓展】n.donation捐赠；捐献14、Butit’simpossibleforthemtodotheirworkone-to-onewithoutthehelpofvolunteers.(P85)但是没有志愿者的帮助他们是不可能做好他们的工作的。one-to-one一对一的【例句】Wehaveanone-to-onecourse.face-to-face面对面的【例句】Weshouldhaveaface-to-facetalk.过语法过语法Itis+adj.+to-infinitive（Itis+形容词+动词不定式）Itis+adj.+for…+to-infinitiveItis+adj．+to-infinitive（Itis+形容词+动词不定式）“Itis+形容词+动词不定式”可以用来描述行为和情境。在该句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。把真正的主语放在句末而用it作形式主语也是为了句子的协调，避免“头重脚轻”。该句型中的形容词是用来描述行为或情境的。如：Itisdangeroustoplayfootballinthestreet．在街上踢足球是危险的。Itishardtounderstandwhathesaid.要理解他的话是很难的。2)Itis+adj.+for…+to-infinitive“Itis+形容词+for…+动词不定式”可以用来具体说明正在谈论的事情。在该句型中，it是形式主语，for后面所引导的人或物是动词不定式的逻辑主语，forsb./sth.todosth.在英语中通常称为动词不定式的复合结构。其中的形容词用来说明不定式的特征，而不是说明人的特征或性格。用于该句型的常见形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important,interesting,dangerous,possible,'impossible,meaningful,comfortable,uncomfortable等。如：It'sdifficultforyoutopasstheexam.对你来说通过这次考试是困难的。【典型例题】在下午五点钟之前完成这项工作是不可能的。___________________________________________________________.他们有必要乘出租车。______________necessary______________totakeataxi.【答案】Itisimpossibletofinishthistaskbefore5p.m.It,is,for,them2.Itis+adj．+of…+(not)todosth．（Itis＋形容词＋of…＋动词不定式）“Itis+形容词+of…+动词不定式”结构用来对某人的品质、性格等作出评价，其中的形容词必须是表示人的品质、性格等的形容词。it是形式主语，没有实际意义。该结构中的sb.和(not)todosth.有着逻辑上的主谓关系，所以该句型又可以转换成“sb.+be+adj.+(not)todosth.”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：careless，careful，clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,polite,impolite,rude,selfish,generous,wise,silly,modest,proud,thoughtful等。如：It'sveryniceofyoutogivemeagift.=Youareverynicetogivemeagift.你送给我礼物，你真好。Itissillyofyounottoforgiveothersfortheirmistakes.=Youaresillynottoforgiveothersfortheirmistakes.你不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。【典型例题】①It'simpossible_______youtofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.②It'sselfish_______yourcousintoeatupthewholecake.【答案】for,of重难点训练重难点训练一、单词拼写Ifyoudon’tspeakalot________(大声地)thanbeforeyouwon’tmakeothershearclearly.Canyouspeakalittlemore____________(loud)tomakeeveryonehearyouclearly?Well,that'sanotherwayIcouldthinkof__________(express)myselfclearly.Doyouhavethehabitofunderlininguseful____________(express)whilereadingbooks?How____________(polite)youaretotalkonthephonealoudinthequitelibrary!Ourteachertoldusthegoodteamworkmadeus____________(success)holdthemeeting.Ifyouletyourlifepassso_________(mean),youwillregretsometimeinthefuture.peopleallovertheworldfindit_________(touch)tohearaboutthestoriesofheroesinharm’sway.Allthe__________(Germany)poemsshowthiswomanpoet’sfeelingtowardshercountry.Theshirtsovertherecan’tbethe____________(Roman).I’veneverseenthemwearblue.Thehomelessparentscan’traisethefamily,_________(让....处于某种状态)thechildrencryingoutofhunger.Theengineeristoobusy__________(fix)thesemachines.Theyhavenotimetorelax.【答案】1.louder2.loudly3.toexpress4.expressions5.impolite6.successfully7.meaninglessly8.touching9.German’s10.Romans’11.leaving12.fixing二、句子翻译如果你不得不打断别人说话，请记住说抱歉。Please____________________________ifyou__________________________others.【答案】Pleaseremembertosay“sorry”ifyouhavetocutinonothers.在饭桌上伸手越过别人的盘子去够你想吃的是糟糕的礼仪。It’s_____________________________________________________whatyouwanttoeat.【答案】It’sabadmannertoreachoverothers’platesforwhatyouwanttoeat.我的老师经常告诫我和女士聊天时要避免不恰当的话题。Myteacheroften_________________________________whilechattingwithladies.【答案】Myteacheroftenwarnsustoavoidimpropersubjectswhilechattingwithladies.此次活动的目的是给这些孩子更多找到快乐的机会。_______________oftheactivity___________________thechildren______________happiness.【答案】Thepurposeoftheactivityistogivethechildrenmorechancestofindhappiness.他指望父母为他准备好一切，这是不对的。It’s_____________________________hisparents______________________________forhim.【答案】It’sincorrectthatheexpectshisparentstoprepareeverythingforhim.向那些孩子解释如何保护自己免受危险是多么有必要啊！How_____________________________________________________fromdangertothechildren!【答案】Hownecessaryitistoexplainhowtoprotectthemselvesfromdangertothechildren!三、单项选择1.Hefoundveryinterestingahorse.A.that;toride B.it;riding C.it;toride D.itis;toride2.Yourdonationscanpoorchildren__foodandachancetostudy.A.provide;to B.give;for C.provide;with D.give;against3.It'sveryyoutomakethesamemistakeagain.A.carelessfor B.carefulfor C.carelessof D.carelessfor4.It’sbadmannerstolaugh_____otherswhentheyare_____trouble.A.at,in B.over,atC.with,on D.to,with5._____goodinformation!Ihaveneverheard_____wonderfulnews.A.Whatasucha B.What,such C.How,so D.How,soa6.Wefind________impossibleforustolearnaforeignlanguagewellinashorttime．A.ThatB.thisC.oneD.it7.______childrenSimonandJimare!TheyhelpMrs.Licleanthehouseeveryday．A.Hownice B.HowbraveC.Whatnice D.Whatbrave8.---Mrs.Brown,Idon’tthinkwecangetthereontimebybike.---Youmeanit’s___________forustotakeataxi?A.necessary B.important C.possible D.difficult9.--Whynotcomeandjoinusinthegame,Linda?--,butIhavesomethingtodiscusswithMrSmithathisoffice.A.Ihopeso B.I'dliketoC.Let'sgo D.It'smypleasure10.Youdon’tknow______Iwanttoseeyouagain.It’sayearsinceIlastsawyou.A.howsoon B.howlongC.howoften D.howmuch【答案】CCCABDCABD四、动词填空1.I'mthinkingof_______(join)thewritingcompetition.2.It'salittledifficultforus-_______(achieve)ourdreamrightnow,butweshouldnevergiveup.3.-Didyounoticeanybodyenterthebuildingjustnow?-Sorry,I_______(cut)downthetreeinthegarden.4.-_______you_______(finish)yourhomework?-Notyet.I_______(finish)itintwohours.5.Haveyoudecidedwhichone_______(buy)?Everyoneiswaitingforyou.6.Thebossmadehisworkers_______(notwork)eighthoursbut12hoursaday.7.Pleasedon'tkeepus_______(stand)outsideinsuchcoldweatherforlong.8.Iwillgivethebooktohimassoonashe_______(come)back.9.Weholdthisactivity_______(raise)moneyforthelocalpeople.10.Thegovernment_______(build)anothertwohospitalsalreadysothatpeopledon'tneedtogotoanothercitywhentheyareill.11.Howoften_______theWinterOlympics_______(take)place?12..It'sagoodchanceforus_______(learn)aboutEuropeanhistory.13.Who_______(attend)yesterday'scharityshow?Itwasreallyasuccess.14.JustatthattimeIheardsomeone_______(call)mynamebehind.Itwasmywife.15.Youshouldplanwhatyou_______(carry)fornextweek'sspringtrip.16.Mymother_______(teach)Englishinthatschoolfornearly30years.【答案】joining2.toachieve3.wascutting4.Have,finished,willfinish5.tobuy6.notworkstanding8.comes9.toraise10.hasbuilt11.do,take12.tolearn13.attended14.calling15.willcarry16.hastaught五、完形填空Mental(心理)healthisaboutthewayyouthinkandfeelandyourabilitytodealwithupsanddowns.Eventhoughyouarementallyhealthy,itdoesn't(1)______thatyoudon'thaveamentalhealthproblem.Mentalhealthiseveryone'sbusiness.Weallhavetimeswhenwefeeldownor(2)______.Mostofthetimethosefeelingspass,(3)_____sometimestheydevelopintoamoreseriousproblem.Itseemsthatourmentalhealthdoesn'talwaysstaythesame.Itcanchangeastheenvironmentchangesandasyoumove(4)_____differentstages(阶段)ofyourlife.Herearefour(5)______tolookafteryourmentalhealth.Makingsimplechangestohowyoulivedoesn'tcostmuchortakeuplotsoftime.Anyonecan(6)______them.●Talkaboutyourfeelings.Itcanhelpyoustayingoodmentalhealth.Itisn'tasignof(7)______,butpartofyourabilitytodowhatyoucantostayhealthy.●Eatwell.Whatyoueatandhowyoufeelare(8)_______connected(关联).Aproperdietcanhaveagoodeffectonyourmentalhealth.●Keepintouch.Friendsandfamilymemberscan(9)______youdifferentsuggestionswhichmayhelpyoukeepactiveandsolvepracticalproblems.●Takeabreak.Itcouldbeaweekendtolookfornewplacestoenjoythenature,orevenaten-minutebreakfromdoingyourhomework.Afewminutescanbeenoughto(10)______you.1.A.agree B.doubt C.mean D.notice2.A.happy B.sad C.surprised D.excited3.A.but B.and C.so D.as4.A.away B.inside C.through D.against5.A.answers B.advice C.ways D.chances6.A.follow B.find C.advise D.count7.A.weakness B.laziness C.happiness D.richness8.A.easily B.equally C.closely D.hardly9.A.provide B.make C.get D.offer10.A.protect B.relax C.touch D.raise【答案】1-5CBACC6-10AACDB六、阅读理解Althoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily,itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression(沮丧).Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys,andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“lossofself”,Accordingtothestudy,eventhoughboyswouldsay“losethemselvesinaromanticrelationship”,this“lossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.DrMarianmKaufman,anexpertonyoungpeopleproblems,says15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringth