专题10 阅读理解-主旨大意题、推理判断题（解析版）

阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题主旨大意题考查学生对短文主题思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的题目,叫主旨大意题。(一)主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式1.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?4.Thewritermeanstotellusthat.

5.Themainidea/pointofthepassageisthat.

6.Thepassageismainlyabout.

7.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

8.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith.

9.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?11.Thebesttitle/headline(标题)forthepassageis.

(二)主题句段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(TopicSentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controllingidea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。1.主题句位于段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实、讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。(1)寻找主题句有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:forexample,anexampleof,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从该段落中的forexample可以断定,第一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个forexample,看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。(2)选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C、D四选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。2.主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。3.主题句位于段落的中间主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。推理判断题问句中常含有suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的词,如probably,mostlikely等。(一)解题思路做推理判断类试题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义,以及作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推论。关键是:意思要靠推断得出,而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容;明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的;分析文章里所给的有关信息;注意词汇在词典里的定义和词典以外的含义;最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理,挖出文章的伏笔,得出正确的推论。这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算,从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体来说,考生应当注意以下几点:1.首先注意一定要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断,考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节,再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等,进行深层处理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构,同时还要体会文章的基调,揣摩作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性问题时,一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法,迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时,则常常要纵览全篇文章。(二)解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断做推理题时,有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握文意主旨的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子,对我们掌握文章主旨,了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化,从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。5.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时,应把握作者的写作思路,预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按事件发展的经过描写,也可按因果关系,对比关系来描写。6.结合已有的知识进行推断知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。五、文章结构题推理判断题的一种特殊设题形式。考查文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次。这类考题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次。在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式。文章结构题的设题方式有:a.Whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing?

b.Whichofthefollowingpicturesshowsthestructureofthepassage?c.Inthenextpart,theauthorwouldmostprobablytalkabout.

六、态度观点题推理判断题的又一种特殊设题形式。考查作者的写作意图、对观点的态度和对事件的评价。态度观点题的设题方式有:a.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?/Thepurposeofthepassageis.

b.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?c.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoward...?解题方法:通读全文,寻找判断依据,揣摩作者的思路,得出结论。随堂练习一WhenIvisitedmycousininOhiolastspring,shegavemeakeepsakethatIwouldtreasureforever.ItwasasmallbooktitledTheGateofPearl.Thisbeautifullittlenovelwasboundinasoftleathercoverwithapicturewonderfullyetchedingoldonthefront.AsIheldthebookinmyhandforthefirsttime,Inoticedthatthepicturewasoftwoangel-likewomenwhowereholdingalargecircleonwhichtheword“Love”waswritten.Therewererayscomingfromit,makingitappeartoshine.Iopenedthebookcarefully.Thebookwasveryold,andthepageswerebrownandfragile.Idiscoveredthatthisbookwaswrittenin1869.However,theamazingthingwasthatthisdearbookoncebelongedtomygreat-greatAuntKatie,whowasbornin1860.In1872,shesignedhernameinneatcursivewritinginsidethefrontcoverandnow,morethan100yearslater,Iwasholdingthispreciousheirloominmyhand.Iopenedapageandreadasentenceortwo.“Weareonlyseparatedbytime,mychild.Keepyourheartfilledwithlove.”Atthatmoment,IknewAuntKatiehadjusttouchedmylife.1.WhichisTRUEaboutthebookTheGateofPearl?A.Itcameoutlastspring. B.ItwaswritteninOhio.C.Itwasfromthewriter’scousin. D.Itwaswrittenbythewriter’sgreat-greatAuntKatie.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Theword“Love”. B.Thebookcover.C.Thecircle. D.Thegoldpicture.3.gavemethebookTheGateofPearl?

A.Thewriterofthebook B.ThewriterC.MyAuntKatie D.Mycousin4.Whatdidthewriterthinkofthebook?A.Itwasamazing. B.Itwastoooldtoread.C.Itwasaneducationalbook. D.Itwasapreciousheirloom.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriter’scousindidn’ttreasurethebook.B.ThewriterrespectedandlovedAuntKatie.C.AuntKatiewrotethebookover100yearsago.D.AuntKatiewasborninOhioin1872.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。定位到短文第一段。根据第一段第一、二句WhenIvisitedmycousin...shegavemea...ItwasasmallbooktitledTheGateofPearl.可知,这本书是作者的表姐赠送的,选项C是对这本书的正确描述。干扰项排除:由第一句WhenIvisitedmycousin...lastspring...可知,去年春天是作者拜访表姐的时间,而不是这本书的出版时间,所以排除选项A;由第一句WhenIvisitedmycousininOhio...可知,作者的表姐在俄亥俄州,而不是这本书写于俄亥俄州,故排除选项B;短文并没有提到书的作者是谁,只是Katie姨母在这本书上签过名,故排除选项D。【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。题干定位:由题干中的theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraph定位到短文第二段。根据第二段中的...onwhichtheword“Love”waswritten.可以判断,两个it都指的是theword“Love”,故选A。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段前两句可知,当我去看望表姐时,她送我纪念品,是一本书,故选D。【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由短文第三段的Iwasholdingthispreciousheirloominmyhand可推知,作者把这本书当作传家宝,故选D。【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后一段可知,作者读了一两句话,并认为“那一刻,我知道Katie姨母触动了我的生活”。由此可推断,作者珍视这本书,尊敬、爱戴Katie姨母。所以B项为正确答案。二Ifyou’reakidwholikestohavefunandchatwithfriendsonline,here’sadviceonhowyoucanstaysafeandavoidproblems.★Visitsaferwebsites.Yourparentsandteacherscanguideyoutothebestwebsites.Somewebsiteshaveagerestrictions,soyoumightbetemptedtolieaboutyourage.It’ssafertotellthetruthandavoidthosewebsitesuntilyou’reolder.★Guardyourpasswords.Youcansetyourownpasswords.Passwordsareyoursecret.It’sdangeroustotellyourpasswordstoothers.So,don’tshareyourpasswordswithanyoneexceptyourparents.★Limitwhatyoushare.Nevertellastrangerwhereyouliveoryourphonenumber.Ifyou’renotsurewhetheryoushouldsharesomething,askaparent.Rememberthatanythingyouputonlineisthereforever,evenifyoutrytodeleteit.Ifyoudon’twantyourclasstoknoworseesomething,youshouldn’tshareitwithanyoneonline,notevenyourbestfriends.★Bechoosyaboutyouronlinefriends.Somewebsitesletkidsmakelotsoffriendswithpeopletheydon’tknow.Butonlinefriendsarenotthesameasrealin-personfriends.Neveragreetomeetanonlinefriendinpersonorgiveoutpersonalinformation.It’sdangerousbecausesomepeoplepretendtobekidsonlinebutactuallyarebadadults.1.Whichsuggestionisaboutpasswords?A.Thefirstone. B.Thesecondone.C.Thethirdone. D.Thefourthone.2.Theunderlinedword“choosy”probablymeans“”inChinese.

A.挑剔的 B.宽松的 C.严厉的 D.认真的3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Therearen’tanywebsiteswhichhaveagerestrictions.B.Youshouldnevertellyourparentsaboutyourpasswords.C.Youcannevertellstrangersaboutyourpersonalinformation.D.Onlinefriendsarethesameasrealin-personfriends.4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.encouragestudentstousetheInternetmoreoftenB.teachstudentshowtomakemorefriendsC.askstudentstosetsafepasswordsonlineD.tellstudentshowtostaysafeonline5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“”.

A.OnlineSafety B.SafeWebsitesC.PasswordSafety D.OnlineFriends【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的passwords可定位到文章的第三段。根据本段的描述可知,第二个建议和密码有关,故答案为B。【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。题干定位:根据题干中的choosy可定位到文章的最后一段。画线词是choosy,结合本段的描述以及构词法可推断,我们要对网上的朋友精挑细选,有所取舍,故choosy的含义是“挑剔的”。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nevertellastrangerwhereyouliveoryourphonenumber.”可知,你不能告诉陌生人你的个人信息,故选项C是正确的描述。【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文的写作目的是“告诉学生如何在上网时保证自己的安全”,故答案为D。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲的是“网络安全”方面的话题,故合适的选项是A。干扰项排除:选项B的含义是“安全的网址”,选项C的含义是“密码安全”,选项D的含义是“网友”,它们分别是第二段、第三段和第五段的段落大意,并不是全文的主旨大意,因此都是可以排除的干扰项。三Whydozebrashavestripes(条纹)?Scientistsmighthavetheanswer.Theysaythestripesseemtoconfuseflies.Theyarelesslikelytobitezebras.Scientistsdidanewstudy.Theystudiedhorses.Theystudiedzebras.Theyalsostudiedhorsesdressedaszebras.Thescientistslearnedthatstripesmighthelptostopinsects.Thestudyalsohelpedfindoutwhy.MartinHowisascientist.Heworkedonthestudy.Hesaidtheywatchedhorseflies.Theywatchedhowhorsefliesactedaroundninehorsesandthreezebras.Horsefliesflewaroundtheanimalsandthenmoreflieslandedonthehorses.Fewerflieslandedonthezebras.Thescientistswantedtoknowwhy.Sothescientistsdidatest.Theyputblack,whiteandzebra-stripedcoatsonsevenhorses.Thefliesdidnotlandonthezebra-stripedcoatasmuchastheothers.Thestripesdidnotconfusefliesfromfaraway,thescientistssaid.Itonlyworkedwhenthefliesgotclose.Thefliescannotseeverywell.Thatmightbethereason.Mr.Howsaidthatzebrascomefrompartsoftheworldwherefliesareabiggerproblem.Theycarrybaddiseases.Horsesaredifferentfromzebras.Theyhavelivedindifferentenvironments.Diseasesfromfliesarenotsobadthere,hesaid.Headdedthatthismightnotbethefullstory.Scientiststhinkstripescouldhaveotheruses.Theycouldhelpzebrashide.Theycouldevenbepartofhowzebrascommunicatewitheachother.1.Whatdoestheword“confuse”meaninParagraph1?A.Attract. B.Puzzle. C.Clear. D.Catch.2.Scientistsputzebra-stripedcoatsonthehorsesto.

A.seeifthestripeskeepfliesawayB.protectthehorsesfrombaddiseasesC.provethatthehorseslooklikezebrasD.keepfliesfromflyingaroundthehorses3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”refertoinParagraph4?A.Horses. B.Flies. C.Zebras. D.Butterflies.4.Whydoscientistswanttolearnmoreaboutzebras’stripes?A.Becausetheywanttostudyzebras’livingenvironment.B.Becausetheywanttomakenewzebra-stripedclothing.C.Becausetheythinkstripescouldhelpzebrashideorcommunicate.D.Becausetheythinkstripesmightcausezebrastogetseriousdiseases.5.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ASpecialSurveyB.TheZebraandtheHorseC.TheSecretsofZebras’StripesD.TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment1.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。由该词的后一句(苍蝇较少咬斑马)可知,confuse意为迷惑。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由文章第三段的内容可推出,科学家把条纹外套披在马身上是想看看条纹是否会让苍蝇远离。【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。由该词前一句“fliesareabiggerproblem”可知they指flies。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后两句可知答案。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。由文章的主要内容(科学家研究斑马的条纹)可知答案。四Studyingdifferentlanguagesincreasesourunderstandingofhowhumanscommunicateandtheirdifferentcultures.However,almost80%ofthepeopleintheworldspeakonly1%ofitslanguages.Every14daysalanguagedies.By2100,halfofthemorethan7,000languagesspokenonEarthtodaymaydisappear.Throughouthistory,thelanguagesofdominant(统治的)groupshavespreadwhilethelanguagesofnativecultureshavebecomeextinct.Thishappensbecauseofgovernmentlanguagepolicies,orbecausethedominantlanguagebecomesmoreusefulineverydaylife.Furthermore,manyendangeredlanguagesarentwrittendown.Whenthelastspeakersofalanguagedieandtheirlanguagebecomesextinct,theirstories,songs,andotherimportantinformationarelost,too.CentralSouthAmericahassomeoftheworld’smostendangeredlanguages.TheKallawayapeoplespeakasecretlanguagethathasdetailsofthousandsofmedicalplants.Today,fewerthan100peoplespeakit.InCentralandEasternSiberia,manySiberianlanguagesnowhaveonlyafewelderlyspeakers.Yuchi,whichmaybeunrelatedtoanyotherlanguageintheworld,isoneofthemanynativelanguagesusedinOklahoma,theU.S.A.Itisdisappearingrapidly.In2010,onlyfiveelderlypeoplecouldspeakthislanguage.Luckily,nativeculturesaroundtheworldareusingmoderntechnologytohelpkeeptheirendangeredlanguagesandculturesalive.Communitiesarecreatingdictionariesandlibrariesbyusingpictures,video,andaudiotorecordthetraditionsofthelastspeakersoftheirlanguage.Iftheyoungpeopledon’tspeakandunderstandthewordsandstoriesoftheirancestors(祖先),thelanguagewilldie.Andwhenthelanguagedies,partoftheculturedies,too.1.Theunderlinedword“extinct”probablymeans.

A.繁荣 B.灭绝 C.古老 D.时尚2.WhatdothenativelanguagesinCentralSiberiaandOklahomahaveincommon?A.Bothofthemaresecretlanguages.B.Fewerpeoplecanspeakthemtoday.C.Theymaybeunrelatedtootherlanguages.D.Theyarebothspokenmainlybyteenagers.3.Tosavealanguage,itisthemostimportantfortolearnit.

A.youngpeople B.parentsC.scientists D.dominantgroups4.Whatarethereasonswhynativelanguagesdie?①thesmallnumberofspeakers②thewidespreadofthedominantlanguages③theuseofmoderntechnology④thelanguagepoliciesthegovernmentscarryoutA.①②③ B.①②④C.①③④ D.②③④5.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A.It’snecessarytostudymorelanguages.B.It’sgoodforpeopletospeakthesamelanguage.C.Preventingthelossoftheworld’slanguagesisimportant.D.Protectinglanguagesismoreimportantthanprotectingcultures.1.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。此处表示本土文化语言会灭绝。【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“afewelderlyspeakers”“fiveelderlypeople”可知答案。【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第三句可知答案。【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中的governmentlanguagepolicies和dominantlanguage以及第三段中的“语言消失是因为讲的人更少了”可知选B。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。由文章可知,本文呼吁人们保护正在消失的语言。五Inoneway,itisthe“greatest”droneever.Inanother,though,itistheoppositeofwhatadroneshouldbe.Dronesshouldbeverylazy.Theydon’thavetowork.Onlytheirsistersshouldbebusypollinating(给……传授花粉)andproducinghoney.However,forthisdrone,pollinationistheveryreasonforitsexistence(存在).Thedrone,infact,isaninventionofEijiroMiyako.MiyakoisascientistfromJapan.Manypeople,includingMiyako,havebeenworriedaboutthefutureofthefoodindustry.Pollinatinginsects,especiallybees,arefallinginnumber.Asaresult,someplantscan’tgetpollinatedandtherewillbefewerplantsforustoeat.Scientistshavebeenworkinghardtoincreasethenumberofbees.Unfortunately,theyhavehadlittlesuccess.Perhaps,Miyakothinks,itistimetobuildsomerobotbeesinstead.Miyako’sbee,infact,doesnotlookmuchlikeabee.Itisbasedonaquadcopter.Miyakohasputsomebrushhairsonit.Thehairsarecoveredinspecialglue.Theyareabletopickupandholdgrainsofpollen(花粉)untiltheybrushupagainstsomethingelse.Atthemoment,Miyako’srobotbeestillneedshelpfromhumanoperators.That’sbecauseitcan’t“see”whereitstargets(目标)are.Inthenextstep,Miyakowillinstallvisualrecognition(视觉识别)softwareonhisbee.Afterthattherobotbeewillbeableto“see”byitself.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“drone”referstoakindof.

A.flower B.bee C.honey D.robot2.EijiroMiyakoisworriedthatinthefuture.

A.wemaybeshortoffood B.naturalbeesmaynotproducehoneyC.hisrobotbeecan’t“see” D.naturaldronescan’tpollinateplants3.EijiroMiyako’sinventionisusedto.

A.producehoney B.watchnaturalbeesworkC.pollinateplants D.increasethenumberofnaturalbees4.WhichofthefollowingisamustforEijiroMiyako’sinvention?A.Pollen. B.Dronesandtheirsisters.C.Brushhairs. D.Visualrecognitionsoftware.5.Accordingtothearticle,whatwillEijiroMiyakodointhenextstep?A.Producemorerobotbees.B.Fillhisgardenwithrobotbees.C.Allowrobotbeestopickuppollen.D.Makehisrobotbeesworkindependently.1.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。从第一段中的Dronesshouldbeverylazy.Theydon’thavetowork.可知雄蜂很懒,它们不必工作,故此处的“drone”指真正的蜜蜂。【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。从第二段中的Asaresult,someplantscan’tgetpollinatedandtherewillbefewerplantsforustoeat.可知答案选A。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的Theyareabletopickupandholdgrainsofpollenuntiltheybrushupagainstsomethingelse.可知答案。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的Miyakohasputsomebrushhairsonit.可知答案。【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。从第四段可知,“机器蜂”需要人的帮助,因此下一步研究应当是让它们独立工作。六Don’tbesurprisedifyouseeacargoingdowntheroadwithoutadriverinBeijingthesedays.Itmightbeoneofself-drivingcars.InMarch,2018,Baiduwasgivenalicensetotestitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing,ChinaDailyreported.Self-drivingcarshavebeenindevelopmentsince2010,whenGoogleannouncedthatitwasmakingsuchcars.Sincethen,companieslikeTesla,UberandBaiduhavebeenworkingtoproduceandtesttheirownself-drivingcars.Self-drivingcarsareexpectedtochangethewaywegetaround.Theyaresaferandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanregularcars.Theycanremovethestress(压力)ofdrivingandallowdisabledorblindpeopletogetaroundmoreeasily.Butself-drivingcarshavetheirowndisadvantagesaswell.Inonetest,researcherspointedalaserpointer(激光棒)atthecarssensors(传感器)whileitwasmoving.Thecarmistakenlythoughtthatthelaserbeam(激光束)wasinitswayandsloweddownorchangeddirections.“Thesoftware(软件)thatisusedtodirectthecarsmaynotbesafeenough,”reportedLiveScience.Sometimes,withoutanyreasons,itmaybreakdownwhenweuseourcomputersorsmartphones.Ifthesoftwareinaself-drivingcarhappenedtocrash,theresultcouldbedeadly.Maybeimprovementstothesoftwarecouldsolvethisproblem.1.WhendidBaidugetatestinglicenseofitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing?A.InFebruary,2018. B.InMarch,2018.C.InApril,2018. D.InMay,2018.2.Whichcompanyhasfirstlydevelopedself-drivingcarssince2010?A.Google. B.Tesla. C.Uber. D.Baidu.3.Themovingcarmay,ifalaserbeamisinitsway.

A.stopitself B.hitothers C.slowdown D.moveon4.Theunderlinedword“crash”inParagraph5probablymeans“”.

A.崩溃 B.碰撞 C.暴跌 D.坠毁5.Thispassagemaycomefrom.

A.astorybook B.atravelguideC.asportsnewspaper D.asciencemagazine1.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的InMarch,2018,Baiduwasgivenalicensetotestitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing,ChinaDailyreported.可知答案。【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的Self-drivingcarshavebeenindevelopmentsince2010,whenGoogleannouncedthatitwasmakingsuchcars.可知答案。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的Thecarmistakenlythoughtthatthelaserbeamwasinitswayandsloweddownorchangeddirections.可知答案。【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由后面的deadly可知答案选A。【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍的“无人驾驶小汽车”属于科学范畴,故推知该文可能来自一本科学杂志。七WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentence,wordforword,intoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence＂Howdoyoudo?＂forexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatisyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagesdon’tjusthavedifferentsounds;theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’simportanttomastertherulesforthewordorderinthestudyofEnglish,too.Ifthespeakerputswordsinawrongorder,thelistenercan’tunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges.Butsometimeswhentheorderischanged,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.＂Sheonlylikesapples.＂＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂＂Ihaveseenthemoviealready.＂＂Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.＂WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespiritofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakerdoes.1.Thewriterthinksitis________inlearningEnglish.A.difficulttounderstanddifferentsoundsB.possibletorememberthewordorderC.importanttomastertherulesforthewordorderD.easytomastertherulesforthewordorder2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.themeaningofanEnglishsentencealwayschangeswiththeorderofthewordsB.theorderofwordscanneverchangethemeaningofanEnglishsentenceC.sometimesdifferentordersofwordshavedifferentmeaningsD.iftheorderofwordsisdifferent，themeaningofthesentencemustbedifferent3.＂Sheonlylikesapples.＂________A.isthesameas＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂B.isdifferentfrom＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂C.means＂Shelikesfruitexceptapples.＂D.means＂Shedoesn’tlikeapples.＂4.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.DifferentOrders，DifferentMeaningsB.HowtoSpeakEnglishC.HowtoPutFrenchintoOurOwnLanguageD.HowtoLearnEnglish1.【答案】C【解析】采用略读法解题。由文章第二段可知，掌握单词的顺序规则是非常重要的。2.【答案】C【解析】采用对比排除法解题。由文章第二段可知,单词顺序变了,意思有时会发生变化,有时不会变。四个选项中,只有C项符合文意。【答案】B【解析】由句子的语法结构判断，only修饰限定谓语与only修饰限定主语所表示的意思不同。4.【答案】D【解析】本题采用总结归纳法解题。整篇文章叙述的是如何学英语，故选D。八Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔嗒)soundswithhistongue(舌头)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙蝠),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?“WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(图像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironment.”Whenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?“Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.”Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?“It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,muchmorethanIusuallydo.”Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?“Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨头)asakid.”Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?“Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes;it’sinthemind.”1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachtheperson’sears.A.b-a-c-d. B.b-d-a-c.C.a-b-d-c. D.b-a-d-c.3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.1.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段可知,Kish开始做一件令人惊奇的事情,即利用声呐四处走动,故选C。2.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段开头的Howdoessonarwork?可知,本段讲述了声呐的作用过程。由其内容可知,答案选D。3.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。通读文章可知,Kish面对自己的不幸没有怨天尤人,而是不断想办法去克服困难,勇敢面对挑战。故选A。4.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句可知,“看”不在眼睛里,而是在心里。文章最后点题,升华了本文的主题,故选C。九Inmodernworld,mostpeoplehaveatleastonetime­tellingtoolwiththem,suchasmobilephones,MP5playersandminicomputers.Sincethesesmallmachinesaresocommon,willpeoplestopwearingthe500­year­oldwatches?Maybetheansweris＂yes＂.Accordingtoasurvey,mostteenagerssayit’sunnecessarytowearawatch.Theyusuallyusetheirmobilephonestotellthetime.However,watchmakerssaythatwatcheswillgetpopularagainwhenpeoplereachtheir20sand30s.Bythen,theywanttospendmoneyonacreative(有创意的)time­tellingtoolbecausetheythinkit’snotenoughifawatchcanjustkeepgoodtime,sowatchmakersaretryingtheirbesttocreatenewkindsofwatches.Recently,anewkindofwatcheshasbeeninvented.Itcanusedifferentcolorlightstotellthetime.Thiskindofwatchesmakespeopletalkmoreaboutmodernwatchesagain.Alsopeoplewanttheirtime­tellingtoolstobebeautiful,fashionableandpractical(实用的),sowatchesaredesigned(设计)tomeettheneedofalmostanypersonality(个性).Nowmoreandmorewatchescanbeusedascompasses(指南针),calendarsandevenUSBdrives...Allinall,awatchhasbecomemoreimportantthanthetimeittells.1.Watcheswillget________againwhenpeoplereachtheir20sand30s.A.expensive B.small C.popular D.cheap2.Inthispassage,watchescanbeusedasdifferentkindsofthingsexcept________.A.compasses B.calendars[来源:学§科§网]C.USBdrives D.wallets3.Recently,anewkindofwatchesuses________totellthetimeaccordingtothepassage.A.differentcolorlights B.sound[来C.pictures D.music4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Mostpeoplewanttospendmoneyonmobilephones.B.Awatchhasbecomemoreimportantthanthetimeittells.C.Manywatchmakersareworriedabouttheirproducts.D.Fewerandfewerpeopleusewatchestotellthetime.1.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知选C。2.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知选D。3.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第二段的Itcanusedifferentcolorlightstotellthetime.可知选A。4.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。由最后一段Allinall,awa