专题18 8AU2-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8AU2-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语一）词性转换：1.英国的British 英国Britain 2.混合mix 混合的mixed3.法语French 法国France 4.外国的foreign 外国人foreigner5.少little/few 较少less/fewer 最少least/fewest6.远far 更远farther/further 最远farthest/furthest7.天day 日常的daily 8.周week 每周的weekly9.真实的，真的real真地really 10.完成finish 完成的finished11.美国America 美国的American 12.讨论v.discuss n.discussion13.结束end 无止境的endless 14.赢得win 胜利者winner二)重点单词用法：1.mixed adj.混合的 amixedschool一所男女混合的学校mix vt.混合 mixAwithB把A与B混在一起2.during prep.在……期间duringone’sstayin/at在某人待在某地期间3.discuss vt.讨论 discusssth.withsb.(talk是不及物动词，词义为谈论)4.offer vt.主动提出，自愿给予offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.区别provide：providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.n.录取通知5.end vi.结束n.结束attheendof在……的结尾intheend=atlast=finally最终6.win vt.赢得win-won winthegamelosethegame7.least adj.最少的，最小的 theleast不可数名词(最少的……)atleast至少(可加可数名词)8.further adj.较远，进一步的 可知抽象意义，表程度：furtherstudycan’twalkanyfurther9.spend vt.花费 人spend时间/钱(in)doing/onsth. 事情takesb.时间/Ittakessb.时间todo事情/东西cost钱人pay钱for东西/paysb.todo易错题：spendasmuch...assb.candoing10.atmost至多atleast至少morethan超过lessthan少于11.through prep.自始至终，从头到尾；从内部穿过；凭借lookthrough浏览putthrough接通电话12.atfirst=inthebeginning首先，起初atthebeginningof在……的开端三）重点句型及易错点：Welcome1.Whydon’tdogsgotoschool,Eddie?句型：当whydon’tyoudo表示建议时，同义句为whynotdo2.Theyhavetoworkerharder.havetodo不得不做某事，一般有原因或条件，must表职责内必须做的事情don’thavetodo=don’tneedtodo=needn’tdo没必要做MustIdo...?Yes,youmust.No,youdon’thavetodo=don’tneedtodo=needn’tdoReading1.schoolliveslife表示生活或生命都是可数名词，复数为lives，liveahappylife过着幸福的生活2.I’minYear8.在8年级：inYear8=inGrade8=intheeighthgrade3.Amongallmysubjects,IlikeFrenchbest.among一群之中（三者及以上），between在两者之间：betweenclassesbetweencitiesbetweencountries最高级标志词：oneofof/among+同类范围in+地点序数词后4.Learningforeignlanguagesisfun.动名词做主语看作三单。同义句修改：Itisfuntolearnforeignlanguages.WhatfunIhavedoingWhatfunitistodo5.Timeseemstogofasterwhenwearereadinginterestingbooks.seem系动词，用法：(1)+adj.(2)+todo(3)+从句6.TheclassesatJohn’sschoolarenotthesameeveryday.thesame+nas=asadj.asthesameweight/height/sizeas=asheavy/tall/high/big/largeas7.IreadanarticlebyaboyfromtheUSA.by表示由某人创作的apicturebyby还有以下词义：(1)在……边bythesea(2)乘坐bybus(3)到……（时间）为止IntegratedSkills1.Numberofstudents这里number表示数量，完整短语thenumberofThenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.我们班学生数量是50.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassissmallerandsmaller.我们班学生的数量越来越少。(注意形容词)Anumberofstudentsareoverthere.大量学生在那边。2.Howlongisthesummerholiday?Howmuchtimedostudentsspendonhomeworkeveryday?Howlong可以问时长，也可以问长度。问时长可以同义句转换howmuchtime3.Dostudentsdomorningexercises?exercise表示操，练习时可数，表示锻炼不可数。domoreexercise=exercisemore4.ChinesestudentshavefewerweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanBritishStudents.have....(时间段)off表示放……假，放……假have...offfor....易错题：Wehave7days_______(休息)fortheNationalDayholiday.【答案】off5.Halfanhourforplayingcomputergamesandanotherhalfanhourforplayingchess.havetimefor=havetimetodo……时间用于……Ihaveanhourofhomework.半小时表示作业的数量，用介词ofStudySkills1.-ly:n+ly-adj.friendlylovelylivelydailyweeklyyearlylonelyadj.+ly-adv.(1)直接+ly:slowly(2)-y+ily:easilyhappily(3)以le结尾-e+y:comfortablygently(4)以e结尾不去e，除了true-truly(5)形副同形：earlylatehard(6)closehighwide表示可测量的，形副同形closelyhighlywidely表示抽象义，程度考点一：workhard努力工作辨析workhard，hardwork与hard-working含义示例workhard结构为“动词+副词”，意为“努力学习，努力工作”。【巧记】Thehard-workingboyalwaysdoeshardworkandworkshard.Andwealllikehim.这个勤奋的男孩总是做辛苦的工作，并且工作努力。我们都很喜欢他。hardwork结构为“形容词+名词”，意为“艰难的工作”。hard-working为复合词，意为“勤奋的，勤劳的”。考点二：practise练习1、[重点]：practise其后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：ThegirlpracticereadingEnglisheverymorning.这个女孩每天早上练习读英语。2、practise的名词形式为practice，意为“练习，训练”。例如：Ittakesalotofpracticetoplaytheviolinwell.拉好小提琴需要多加练习。3、辨析practise与exercise词条含义及用法示例practise指为了求得学问上或技术上的熟练而反复练习。例如：Shepractisesdancingeveryafternoon.每天下午她都练习跳舞。Howoftendoyouexercise？你多长时间锻炼一次？exercise指为了锻炼身体而有规律地按照一定方式练习。考点三：borrow…from…从……借……辨析lend，borrow与keep词条含义及用法示例lend非延续性动作，意为“借出”，常与to连用，可以跟双宾语。Thankyouforlendingyourbiketome.谢谢你把自行车借给我。borrow意为“借入”，为非延续性动作，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常与from连用。Youcanborrowthreebooksfromthelibraryatatime.你可以从图书馆里一次借三本书。keep是延续性动词，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。—HowlongcanIkeepthisbook？这本书我可以借多长时间？—Youcankeepitfortwoweeks.你可以借两周。考点四：neartheendof意为“……快要结束时”1、end为名词，意为“结尾，末尾”，常用短语有：attheendof在……结束时；intheend（=atlast=finally）最后；终于；bytheendof到……为止例如：WeleftforBeijingattheendoflastmonth.在上个月末我们去了北京。2、end为动词，意为“结束，终止”。例如：Thewarendedin1945.战争在1945年结束了。考点五：inclass意为“在课堂上”。中间无冠词和其他限定词。此时强调人与上课的关系。例如：Youshouldlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.在课堂上你应该认真听老师讲课。inclass与intheclass的用法区别：含义及用法示例inclass意为“在课堂上”，强调人与上课、教学的关系。Ican’trememberwhatIheardinclass.我记不住在课上听到什么了。intheclass意为“在班级里”，中间必须有冠词或其他限定词，单指在一个班集体里。Heistheyoungestintheclass.他在班里年纪最小。考点六：else意为“别的，其他的；其他，另外”1、else通常用在不定代词（something，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody等）或疑问词（what，who，where，when，why，how等）的后面。例如：Whatelsedidyousee？你还看到了什么？2、else构成所有格时在其后加’s。例如;Thatissomeoneelse’sbook.It’snotmine.那是其他什么人的书，不是我的。【典例】Hisworkisbetterthan.A.elseanyoneB.anyoneelseC.anyoneelse’sD.anyone’selse【答案】C3、辨析else与other词条含义及用法示例else多放在被修饰词之后，用来修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词。Whereelsedoyouwanttogo？你还想去其他什么地方？other放在它所修饰的词之前，用来修饰名词。Theyvisitedsomeotherplaces.他们参观了其他一些地方。考点七：further较远，更远，是far的比较级。辨析farther与furtherfarther与further都是far的比较级词条含义及用法示例farther一般用于表示有形距离的“较远，更远”。Ican’tgoanyfarther.我再也走不动了。further一般表示程度上“更深一步”等抽象概念。Thepolicedecidedtoinvestigatefurther.警方决定作进一步调查。考点八：numberof意为“……的数量”辨析thenumberof与anumberof的区别含义及用法示例thenumberof后接可数名词复数，[重点]作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。Thenumberoftreesalongthestreetisfourhundred.沿着这条街道的树有400棵。anumberof意为“许多”，可用small，large，great修饰number，后接可数名词复数，[重点]作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。AnumberofstudentswanttogototheGreatWall.许多学生想去长城。考点九：spend花费（时间或金钱）1、spendtime（in）doinghissth.表示“花时间做某事”。其中介词in可省略。例如：Shespendstwohoursdoingherhomeworkeveryday.她每天花两个小时做家庭作业。2、spendtime/moneyonsth.表示“在某事物上花费时间/金钱”。例如：Mymotherspendssometimeonherworkeveryday.我妈妈每天花一些时间在工作上。考点十：lookthrough浏览例如：Helookedthroughtheexampaperquickly，andthenwrotedowntheanswers.他快速地浏览了试卷，然后写下了答案。【归纳】与look相关的短语：lookafter照看；lookat看；looklike看起来像；lookforwardto期待；lookoutof向……外看；lookfor寻找；lookaround环顾考点十一：keepdoingsth.意为“一直做某事”。keep的用法短语含义及用法示例keep（on）doingsth.意为“继续做某事”，“不断或重复做某事”，表示动作的持续或反复。Don’tkeeponinterruptingme！别老是跟我打岔！keepsb.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。keep…fromdoingsth.意为“阻止……做某事”，相当于stop…（from）doingsth.和prevent…（from）doingsth.Theheavysnowkeptusfromgettingtoschoolontime.大雪使我们没能按时到达学校。keep+sb./sth.+形容词意为“使某人/某物保持某种状态”。Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.我们必须保持教室整洁干净。keep+形容词构成系表结构。意为“保持某种状态”。Youmustexercisealotandkeephealthy.你必须多锻炼，保持健康。考点十二：one在句中作代词，用来指代前面已提到的名词，避免重复。one作代词时，用来指代单数名词，前面若有形容词修饰，要加上不定冠词a/an；指代复数名词时，用复数形式ones。例如：Ihavemanypencils.Youcanchooseone.我有许多铅笔，你可以挑选一支。辨析it，one和that词条含义及用法示例it“它”，特指上文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。Thisbookismine.Itisveryinteresting.这本书是我的，它很有趣。one“一（个、支、只、件……）”，泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。—Whohasapen？谁有钢笔？—Ihaveone.我有一支。that“那，那个”，常用于比较结构中，指代前面提到的名词，以避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.冬天北京的天气比广州冷。【典例】Couldyourecordthefootballgameforme？Icanwatchlater.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that【答案】A考点十三：havelotsoftimefor…有许多时间……例如：Ihavelotsoftimeformyhobbies.我有许多时间进行我的业余爱好。“have+一段时间+forsth.”意为“有时间做某事”，可以和“have+一段时间+todosth.”结构互换。例如：IhavenotimeforTV.=IhaveontimetowatchTV.我没有时间看电视。过语法过语法 1.Milliecamethirdintherace.表示名次，序数词前不加the。2.最高级与比较级的转换：Heisthetallestinmyclass.=Heistallerthananyotherstudent/theotherstudentsinmyclass.=Heistallerthananyotherofmyclassmates.=Heistallerthanallmyotherclassmates.重难点训练重难点训练一、根据句义或所给的正确形式填空1.Ifyouwanttobefar___________(health),youmustdomoresports.2.Thesekitesmadeofpaperarethese_________(hero).3.Totellyouthetruth,heis________(true)sorryforwhathedid.4.Readingbooksisbetterthan_______(play)toomuchcomputergamesinthefreetime.5.It’s________(mean)tospendtoomuchtimeontheboringthings,you’dbetternotdothemagain.6.Whatagreattimetheyhave______(chat)witheachotherontheInternet.7.Theweatherisgetting________(terrible)badbecauseoftheheavyrain.8.Tomisthesecond______________(hard-working)boyinourclass.9.Withtheirhelp,wefoundtheMathsproblem________(easy)thanbefore.10.Everymonthwehavea________(month)testaboutourstudy.11.Ourteacheris__________(幽默的)inourschool,heoftentellsfunnyjokesandmakesushappy.12.Asateacher,youcan’tbetoo_________(patient)toyourstudents.13.Wealllookforwardto_______(win)thebasketballfinalinthecompetition.14.Yesterdayallofusreceivedthe________(invite)lettersfromLinda.15.Whohasa_______(方形的)faceinyourclass?16.Thehillismorethan120metersin________(high).17.PeopleintheUKsay“holiday”whilepeopleintheUSAsay“________(假期)”.18.Whichis___________(important)ofthetwoquestions?19.Thelinelooks________(end),it’sdifficulttobuytheticket.20.Heisveryhelpful,heoftenoffers________(help)thepeopleinneed.【答案】healthier2.heroes’3.truly4.playing5.meaningless6.chatting7.terribly8.mosthard-working9.easier10.monthly11.themosthumorousimpatient13.winning14.invitation15.square16.height17.vocation18.themoreimportant19.endless20.tohelp二、单项选择()1.---Ihavetosaythatthisis_________bestfilmIhaveseen.---Iagree.Ihaveneverseen_________betterone.A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the()2.---Didyouseethefilmlastnight?---Yes,Ithought_________formetoseesuchafilm.A.it’sinteresting B.that’sinterestingC.itinteresting D.thatinteresting()3.Whichcolordoyoulike_________,Bill,red_________yellow?A.most;or B.better;or C.best;or D.more;and()4.It_________himalotthathisfatherlosthiswayhome.A.worried B.worriedabout C.wasworriedabout D.wasworried()5.Heknockedsomething_________theshelfwhenhe_________it.A.off;passed B.down;past C.off;past D.over;passed()6.Yoursweaterisn’t_________though(虽然)it’smuchmoreexpensive.A.asbeautifulasher B.sobeautifulasyou C.asniceashis D.assameasmine()7.---_________isitfromheretothepark?---About20minutesbybike.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howoften()8.---Whichofthefollowingwordsispronounced/weist/?A.west B.weight C.waste D.worst()9._________iteasiertokeepintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathome.A.Made B.Make C.Making D.Tomake()10._________excitingnewsitis!Ourteamhaswonthegame.A.How B.Howan C.What D.Whatan()11.Hehas_________moneyandhecanbuyonly_________sheep.A.few;little B.little;few C.little;afew D.few;alittle()12.---_________Davidbethenewmonitorofourclass?---He_________be,butI’mnotsure.A.Can;may B.Can;can’t C.May;must D.May;can’t()13.Tokyoislargerthan_________inChinaandit’slargerthan_________inAsia.A.anyothercity;theothercities B.allthecities;anyothercity C.theothercities;anycity D.anycity;allthecities()14.HespeaksEnglishwell,butofcoursenot_________apersonborninBritain.A.asgoodas B.betterthan C.aswellas D.worsethan()15.---Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?---Yes.Whatgreatfun_________ourselvestoallkindsofsnacks!A.wehadtohelp B.itwashelping C.itistohelp D.wehadhelping【答案】CCBAACCCDCCADCD三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Theyhadafamilymeetingand_________(plan)togotoHongKongforavisitforthecomingholiday.2.Look!Itissocloudy.It_________(rain).3.–HowlongdoesKittyspend_________(chat)onlinewithherfriendseveryday?–Lessthanonehour.4.Whatgreatfunitis_________(fly)kitesintheopenair!5.–Ican’tbelievethatyou’vesoldmesuchaterriblewashingmachine.Itdoesn’twork.-I_________(listen),Madam.Couldyouspeakalittlemoreslowlyandtellmewhat’swrong?6.Don’tkeep_________(worry)aboutyourson.Hewilltakegoodcareofhimself.7.Themoreexerciseyou_________(take),thestrongeryouwillbe.8.Whatevertheysay,Ichoose_________(trust)you.【答案】1.planned2.isgoingtorain3.chatting4.tofly5.amlistening6.worrying7.take8.totrust四、完成句子1.我不喜欢看《侏罗纪世界2》，因为它没有《憨豆先生》有趣。Idon’tlikewatching<JurassicWorld2>because_________________________as<MrBean>.2.目前，大城市的房价比小城市的高很多。Atpresent,thepriceofthehousesinbigcities_________________________insmallcities.3.徐峥很有幽默感，因此他的电影我从不感到无聊。XuZhenghas_________________________,soIneverfeelboredwithhisfilms.4.感谢你仔细聆听我的问题并主动给予我帮助。Thanksfor_________________________and_________________________.5.爸爸不断告诫我不要花太多时间在电脑上。Father_________________________spendtoomuchtimeoncomputers.6.暑假里，英国学生比中国学生少几周的休假。Britishstudents_________________________thesummerholidaythanChinesestudents.7.功课越难，你越得认真学习。_________________________thesubjectsare,_________________________youshouldstudy.【答案】1.itisn’tasinteresting2.ismuchhigherthanthat3.agoodsenseofhumor4.listeningtomyproblemscarefully;offeringhelptome5.keepstellingmenotto6.havefewerweeksofffor7.Theharder;themorecarefully五、完形填空Lisahasalwaysbeenoverweight.Shewantedtoloseweight,notjustbecauseshewantedto__36morebeautifulandbehealthier,butalsobecauseitwouldmakelifeeasier.Forexample,itwas37forLisatofindready-madeclothesthatwouldfit.Shehadtoaskatailor(裁缝)__38clothesthatwerelargeenough.Inschool,sheneededaspecialchairwhichwasbiggerand___39thantheotherchairs.Ifshewentforawalk,shegottiredveryquickly.Shewasalsounhappyaboutthewaypeopletreated40sometimes.“Peoplelookatmeandevenmakefunofme.That’sunfair!It’struethatI’moverweight,butIdon’tthinkpeople41treatmedifferentlybecauseI’mbig.Ican’tenjoy42withmyfriendsbecauseI’mafraidofgettingfatter.”Herfriendsandfamilynevermadefunofher.Theytriedtohelpher43.Theywantedhertobehappyandhealthy.SometimeswhenLisawasfeelingsad,shedidn’twanttospeakto44.Butnowthings45quitedifferent.LastmonthherclassmateswerepreparingfortheSchool46Week.SomeoneadvisedLisatoplaytheleadroleoftheproudQueen(女王)whowastallandfat.Lisa47andpracticedalot.Soonaftertheplay,Lisabecamethestar!Shedidsowellthateverybodyrememberedthe__48__Queen.Theystoodaroundherandsaid“49”toher.SheevenwontheSchoolBestActressAwardforherwonderfulperformance.NowLisadoesn’tworry50beingfatanymore.ShebelievesintheEnglishsaying“Everydoghasitsday.”36．A.see B.watch C.notice D.look37．A.easy B.difficult C.wrong D.right38．A.making B.makes C.make D.tomake39．A.stronger B.higher C.longer D.wider40．A.her B.him C.me D.you41．A.can B.may C.should D.must42．A.havingdinner B.havingparties C.doingsports D.playinggames43．A.however B.instead C.too D.either44．A.nobody B.someone C.anyone D.everyone45．A.was B.is C.were D.are46．A.Sports B.Art C.Science D.Environment47．A.agreed B.disagreed C.answered D.allowed48．A.beautiful B.happy C.sad D.proud49．A.Sorry B.Goodluck C.Congratulations D.Good-bye50．A.with B.about C.in D.for【答案】DBDAACABCDBADCB六、阅读理解PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem．Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely．Noonecankillthemfortheirprettyfur(皮毛)．Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur．Andheisnotasbigasyourlitt