语法专题05 主谓一致、谚语、情景交际-2023年江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

语法专题05主谓一致、谚语、情景交际☞【考点介绍】考点分值题型出题方向主谓一致0-2分单项选择短文填空主谓一致中就近原则（therebe结构和三组并列连词）主谓一致中就远原则（aswellas/togetherwith/except等）百分数、几分之几修饰主语的句子谓语动词要看主语部分的名词是否可数时间、金钱、距离等概念作为句子的主语时要看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式谚语0-1分单项选择单词拼写比较集中考察初二教材上的谚语单词拼写中要注意谚语的第一个单词的首字母要大写情景交际1-2分单项选择判断情景问答句（尤其是回答感谢、道歉、请求帮助、问对方介不介意等情景）☞【应试技巧】一、主谓一致主语后面带有aswellas，like，but，except，besides，with，togetherwith，alongwith，including，等词连接的名词，根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。Theprofessortogetherwithanumberofstudentswasdoingexperimentsinthelabatthattime.当时教授和他的很多学生正在实验室做实验。表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以用复数。Twentyyearsisalongtime.二十年是很长时间。Twokilometersisalongwaytogoonfoot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程。trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜坏了。Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.床下那双鞋子是他的。定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数Theyoungaremostlyambitious.年轻人多半有雄心。就近一致原则：(1)当两个主语由either...or...，neither...nor...，whether...or...，notonly...butalso...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?他和他们都不全对吗？(2)therebe句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。people，police等名词一般都用作复数。Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.学好英语不容易。Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.他所说的对我们都很重要。二、谚语常见的谚语有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入乡随俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操劳过度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.这山看着那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行动胜过语言。

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.说起来容易做起来难。

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。三、情景交际1It’sa/mypleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气”，用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。(=Mypleasure.)Withpleasure.“我很乐意（帮你）”。表示同意对方的请求,并且自己将付出行动。2Helpyourself.“自便!/自己来吧”。表示同意对方的请求,让对方行动。Yes,please.“请!”表示允许对方做请求之事。Goahead.“请…”。表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。Goon.“继续(在进行或谈论的事)!”Comeon!“来!”“加油”——鼓励对方来参与某事。Hurryup.“赶紧;快点!”——催促对方快点行动。3Goodluck.“祝你好运”，是当对方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛时，向对方表达祝福。Congratulations!当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语.。Havefun!“玩得开心点！”表示允许对方去“吃喝玩乐”。Bestwishes一般用于信的结尾处表示对对方的祝愿。4What’s(going)on?“怎么了?这里发生什么事了?”/“有什么节目?上演什么电影?”（询问情况）。What’sfor?表目的和用途,一般翻译成“为了什么？用来做什么;干嘛?”why:表原因,一般都要用because来回答。What’sup?“怎么了?”“有什么事吗?”What'sup?口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“what'sup?”（有什么事？有何贵干？）年轻人也常用“what'sup?”来打招呼。Whatif…“=Whatwillorwouldhappenif...？如果(假如)...将会怎么样？”Sowhat?“那又怎么样的?”(表示出“无所谓”的样子)Whatis...like?“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。”/“像什么样，什么模样，怎样的”指人或物。What...looklike?“…外表如何?”(问外表长相)Whynot?“干吗不？/为什么不呢?”,表示同意对方的建议。5Nevermind.“没有关系，不要记在心上”。用于回答歉意。但用Nevermind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。Notatall.1)用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。2)用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：A：Youareverykind.你真好。B：Notatall.没什么。3)用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。4)用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不：完全不”。如：A：Areyoubusy?你忙吗?B：Notatall.一点不忙。Forgetit!1)“不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧”用来接受别人做错事的道歉。2)“算了吧，想都别想”用来拒绝对方你认为不合理的请求、建议等。3)表示对感谢的回答。6Allright.用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”，“可以”。也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思。That’sallright.1)对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气”。=That'sOK./Notatall./You'rewelcome。2)对别人致歉时的回答，“没关系；不介意”=Itdoesn'tmatter.或Nevermind.3)在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况，常说That'sallright,其含义是“可以；没有问题”。That’sright.“正确；对”，用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。Takeiteasy.“慢点、放松些、沉住气，别紧张，慢慢来”表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。Takeyourtime.“别着急，慢慢来”，表示允许对方“慢慢做,不用着急啊”。7It’suptoyou.“你拿主意!你决定!你说了算!”It(all)depends.“这要看情况而定”。Whatapity!“真遗憾！多可惜！”用来感慨“伤心遗憾的往事，或面对眼前可望而不可及的事情”。I’msorrytohearthat.“听到这消息，我很难过。”用来同情或安慰对方。8Thankyou.感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝别人的好意等多种场合。I’mgladyoulikeit.用来回答“送礼后对方表示的感谢,或吃饭后客人表示的感谢”。I’mgladtohearthat.“听到这消息我很高兴。”用来向对方谈到的喜事表示祝贺。9Mindyourownbusiness!“别管闲事!”(用来警告对方)It’snoneofyourbusiness.“不关你事!”10Don’tmentionit.用来回答感谢和道歉：—Thankyouverymuch.—Don'tmentionit.别客气。—I'msorrytohavetroubledyou.—Don'tmentionit.没关系。=Thinknothingofit.)☞【真题回顾】【2022-盐城中考】14.—Mum,toloseweight,I’lleatlessandexercisemore.—Youpromisedmanytimes.Remember________.A.amissisasgoodasamile B.manyhandsmakelightworkC.thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside D.actionsspeaklouderthanwords【答案】D【解析】句意：——妈妈，为了减肥，我要少吃多运动。——你保证过很多次了。记住，行胜于言。考查习语。amissisasgoodasamile失之毫厘谬以千里；manyhandsmakelightwork众人拾柴火焰高；thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside这山望着那山高；actionsspeaklouderthanwords行胜于言。根据“Youpromisedmanytimes.”可知，光说不练是没用的，行胜于言。故选D。【2022-盐城中考】15.—Toliveagreenlife,weshoulddosomethingactively.—________.Let’sstartfromnowon.A.Nevermind B.Iagree C.Itdoesn’tmatter D.That’sallright【答案】B【解析】句意：——要过绿色生活，我们应该积极做一些事情。——我同意。让我们从现在开始。考查情景交际。Nevermind没关系；Iagree我同意；Itdoesn’tmatter没关系；That’sallright没关系。根据“Toliveagreenlife,weshoulddosomethingactively”及“Let’sstartfromnowon”可知，同意对方的观点，故选B。【2022-淮安中考】10.—You’dbetternoteattoomanysweets.It’sbadforyourteeth.—________.Maybeit’stimeformetochangemyeatinghabits.A.Idon’tthinkso B.NevermindC.You’rewelcome D.Thanksforyouradvice【答案】D【解析】句意：——你最好不要吃太多的糖果。这对你的牙齿不好。——谢谢你的建议。也许是时候改变我的饮食习惯了。考查情景交际。Idon’tthinkso我不这么认为；Nevermind没关系；You’rewelcome不客气；Thanksforyouradvice谢谢你的建议。根据“You’dbetternoteattoomanysweets.It’sbadforyourteeth.”可知，对方给出好的建议，应表示感谢，故选D。【2022-南通中考】15.Don’tstayuplatetofinishthedesign,oryoumaybetiredout.Remember,________.A.nopain,nogain B.practicemakesperfectC.don’tburnthecandleatbothends D.don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket【答案】C【解析】句意：不要熬夜完成设计，否则您可能会感到疲倦。记住，不要过分透支体力。考查习语。nopain,nogain没有付出就没有收获；practicemakesperfect熟能生巧；don’tburnthecandleatbothends蜡烛不要两头烧（不要过分透支体力）；don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket不要孤注一掷。根据“Don’tstayuplatetofinishthedesign,oryoumaybetiredout.”可知，不要熬夜，不然会感到疲倦，也就是说不要过分透支体力。故选C。【2022-扬州中考】15.—Mypetdogdiedyesterday.I’minabadmood.—________.Iknowhowitfeels.A.Sorrytohearthat B.That’snotthecase C.Nevermind D.It’sapleasure【答案】A【解析】句意：——我的宠物狗昨天死了。我的心情不好。——很抱歉听到这个消息。我知道那是什么感觉。考查情景交际。Sorrytohearthat很抱歉听到这个消息；That’snotthecase事实并非如此；Nevermind没关系；It’sapleasure别客气。根据“Mypetdogdiedyesterday.I’minabadmood”可知此处应对别人的不幸遭遇表示同情，选项A符合语境。故选A。【2022-宿迁中考】15.Jackalwaysgiveshisfriendshelpwhentheyneedit,becausehe“________”.A.It’snevertoooldtolearn B.IneverrainsbutitpoursC.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords D.Afriendinneedisafriend【答案】D【解析】句意：杰克总是在朋友需要的时候给他们帮助，因为他“患难见真情”。考查习语。It’snevertoooldtolearn活到老，学到老；Ineverrainsbutitpours祸不单行；Actionsspeaklouderthanwords事实胜于雄辩；Afriendinneedisafriend患难见真情；根据“Jackalwaysgiveshisfriendshelpwhentheyneedit”可知，在朋友需要帮助时提供帮助，可知用“患难见真情”符合，故选D。【2022-宿迁中考】13.—Wouldyouliketogototheyouthcentrewithmetomorrow?—________Ican’twaitfortherobotshowthere.A.Yes,that’sright. B.Sure,I’dloveto.C.Ofcoursenot. D.Notatall.【答案】B【解析】句意：——你明天愿意和我一起去青年中心吗？——当然，我愿意。我等不及看那里的机器人表演了。考查情景交际。Yes,that’sright是的，那是对的；Sure,I’dloveto是的，我愿意；Ofcoursenot当然不；Notatall一点也不。根据“Ican’twaitfortherobotshowthere”可知此处是接受别人的邀请，选项B符合语境。故选B。【2022-连云港中考】14.Keeppractising,andyou'llbeanexcellentfootballplayer..A.Nopain,nogainB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.ItneverrainsbutitpoursD.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo【答案】A【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是“坚持尝试，然后你就会成为一名优秀的足球运动员”。所以选择谚语A选项，表示“不劳无获”。【2022-连云港中考】15.—Shallwegobirdwatchingtomorrow?—!I'dloveto.GoodluckB.BestwishesC.SoundsgreatD.You'rewelcome【答案】C【解析】考查情景交际的问答句。这里说的是:明天我们要不要一起去观鸟？回答要用C选项，表示“听起来不错，可以的”。【2022-无锡中考】14.—Howaboutgoingtothelibrarythisafternoon?—________Readingismytherapy.A.Areyoukidding? B.Yougotmethere.C.Don’tyouknow? D.Youreadmymind.【答案】D【解析】考查情景交际问答句。这句话意思是：今天下午我们去图书馆怎么样？你猜中我的心思了，读书是我的疗法。这里选择D表示“猜到我的内心想法了”。【2022-无锡中考】8.—JuliewasplayingthepianoeverytimeIsawher.—Youknow________. A.everydoghasitsday B.manyhandsmakelightworkC.practicemakesperfect D.theearlybirdcatchestheworm【答案】C【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是：每次我看见茱莉亚她都在弹钢琴。你知道“孰能生巧”的道理。【2022-泰州中考】10.—It’snecessaryforustospendmoretimewithourgrandparents.—________.Theywon’tseeusoftenafterwegotocollege.A.Ihopenot B.Ithinkso C.I’msorry D.I’mnotsure【答案】B【解析】句意：——我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起。——我也这么想。我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了。考查情景交际。Ihopenot我希望不是；Ithinkso我也这么想；I’msorry我很抱歉；I’mnotsure我不确定。根据“It’snecessaryforustospendmoretimewithourgrandparents.”和“Theywon’tseeusoftenafterwegotocollege.”可知，后者赞同前者的看法，故选B。【2022-泰州中考】9.—Whatasunnyday!Whynotgocampingwithyourfriends?—________A.It’smypleasure. B.You’dbetternot.C.No,Idon’tmind. D.Thatsoundsgreat.【答案】D【解析】考查情景交际。题目意思是“为什么不和你的朋友们一起去野营呢？”这属于提建议的句式，所以用D选项回答，意思是“这个事情听起来不错。”☞【模拟训练】一、主谓一致单句语法填空Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.2．Thefootballteam________(be)allheartbrokenwhentheylearnedabouttheirdefeat.3．DrSmith，togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter，________(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.4．Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse__________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.5．Tenminutes________(seem)likeanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.【答案】1.is2.were3.is4.isbeingbuilt5.seems单项选择1.SuchpoetsasShakespeare______widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some______difficulttounderstand.A.are;are B.is;is C.are;is D.is;are2.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______eveningdress.A.wear B.wears C.hasworn D.haveworn3.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents______discussingReadingSkillsthat______newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;were B.is;were C.are;was D.is;was4.______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Onehalf;are

B.Aquarter;is

C.

Twoseventh;is

D.Twothirds;are5.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be6.—Didyougototheshowlastnight? —Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea______invited.A.were B.havebeen C.hasbeen D.was7.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,______ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.

A.work

B.

isworking

C.working

D.areworking8.Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthas______itssoilandwaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.A.has B.do C.is D.are9.Whatapity!Allhisproperty,thebooks,thepicturesandthehouse,

______consumedbythebigfire.

A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.havebeen10.Infact,notonlyMaryandIbutalsoJane______havingoneexamafteranother.A.IstiredwithB.aretiredwith C.istiredof D.aretiredof11.“ItisnotonlyyoubutalsoTomwho______,”saidtheteacherafterknowingwhathadhappened.A.aretobeblamed

B.istobeblamed

C.aretoblame

D.istoblame12.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.were B.was C.is D.sits13.Butterandbread______theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter______upnow.A.is;iseaten B.are;havebeeneaten C.are;areeaten D.is;havebeeneaten14.Themanisseriouslyill.Morethanonedoctor______.

A.havebeensentfor

B.hasbeensentfor

C.havebeenlookedfor

D.hasbeenlookedfor15.Anaverageof200lettersaweek______receivedbythenewspaper’soffer.Such______thecasewithusatpresent. A.are;is B.hasbeen;hasbeen C.havebeen;is D.is;are16.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich______savedforotherpurposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were17.Sixtymiles______inasinglenight,sotheywereexhausted.A.iscovered B.wascovered C.arecovered D.hascovered18.______anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.Thestudentseachhave B.ThestudentseachhasC.Eachthestudentshas D.Eachofthestudentshave19.Onethirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens______blackpeople.A.are;is B.is;is C.are;are D.is;are20.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_____thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek______goodforone’shealth. A.show;are

B.show;is C.

shows;is

D.shows;are【答案】1-5ABDBB6-10DBDAC11-15DADBA16-20DBADC二、谚语1.---Ineedsomehelpintypingthisreport.Themanagerwantsitby2:00pm.---____________.Icangiveyouahandnow.A.Mypleasure. B.Takeyourtime. C.Don’tworry.D.Iwouldn’tsayno.2.---IfIworkhardatmylessonsfromnowon,canIdowellinthem?---Sure.___________.A.EverydoghasitsdayB.YouarenevertoooldtolearnC.BetterlatethanneverD.Practicemakesperfect3.---Toobadyoudidn’tgotothebeachwithus.Itwassomuchfunthere!Youmustgonexttime．

---_____．Idon’tthinkI’llhaveanyfun.Ican’tswim．A．Yes,pleaseB.No,thanks.C.YouarewelcomeD.Mypleasure4.Wecan’taffordtomakeanymistakes.Tous,_______.A.amissisasgoodasamile B.thegrassisgreenerontheothersideC.itneverrainsbutitpours D.wheninRome,doastheRomansdo5.---I'vedecidedtogiveupmyjob,Mum.--- .You’dbetterthinktwice.A.Soundsgreat! B.Whatapity! C.Guesswhat? D.Areyouserious？6.---Jack,I'dliketohaveyouropinionsaboutmyreport--________.ButIhaveonesuggestion.A.That'sagoodideaB.IagreewithyouC.ItlooksfinetomeD.Checkitfirst7.--Shallwegofishingthisweekend?---______.I’llgowithyou.A.Thankyou. B.That’srightC.HavefunD.Thatsoundsgood.8.---Let’swatchthepopularTVprogram“Runningman”,shallwe?---__________.Ithasbeenoverforsometime.A.Soundsgreat B.Yes,weshall C.I’mafraidnot D.Allright9.---Iwillgotravellingwithmyfriendthisweekend.---______.Haveagreattime!B.Can’tyouswim?C.Whataboutflyingkites?D.That’sright.10.—Soyougaveheryourmobilephone?—_________.Shesaidshe’dreturnittomeaftershehadhersfixed.A.Mypleasure B.Notexactly C.Withpleasure D.Noproblem11.---Didyoubuyasmuggled-cellphone(水货手机)?---_______.halfthepriceofalicensedone(行货).A.Notexactly B.Nodoubt C.Mypleasure D.Allright12—WecaninviteNickandNoratoShanghaiDisneylandwithus.—?I’llgivethemacallrightnow.A.Whynot B.WhatforC.WhyD.What【答案】CCBADCDAABBA三、情景交际1.–Couldyoutellmehowtousethedigitalcamera?--________.Iwillshowyouhowtouseit.A.WithpleasureB.It’smypleasureC.IfeelsoproudD.Iamfullofpride2.Whichofthefollowingstatementtellsthefactnottheopinion?A.Chinaisonitswaytobecomeagloballeader.B.DragonBoatFestival2017fellonMay30(Tuesday).C.TFBoysisasEXOamongyoungpeopleinChina.D.ManypeopleprefertoliveinKunmingbecauseofitspleasantweather.3.—Thecaseisveryheavy,MissWu.Wouldyoulikemetocarryitforyou?—________________.A.Withpleasure B.No,youneedn’t C.Yes,I’dloveto D.It’sverykindofyou.4.—Wouldyoumindsteppingforwardabit?I’mafraidit’stoocrowdedhere.—_________________A.Nevermind. B.I’msorryforthat.C.Ofcourse. D.Notatall.5．—Janegotan“A”inthemathstest.—_______.Sheworksthehardestinourclass.A．Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket B．ManyhandsmakelightworkC．Itneverrainsbutitpours D．Nopain,nogain6．—Mobilephonepaymentsarebecoming