2024-2025学年高中英语Module1LifeinthefutureSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary学案含解析外研版必修4

PAGEModule1Lifeinthefutureeq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅠ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(Introduction，ReadingandVocabulary),\s\do5())Ⅰ.重点单词1．alternativeadj.替换的；供选择的2．crimen．罪；罪行→criminaln．罪犯；犯人3．predictionn．预料→predictvt.预料4．riskyadj.危急的；冒险的→riskn．&vt.冒险5．loadvt.装；装载→unloadvt.卸；卸载→downloadvt.下载6．arrestvt.逮捕；拘留7．firevt.开火；启动8．limitn．(常作复数)范围→limitedadj.有限的9．outdoorsadv.户外→outdooradj.户外的10．commandn．&vt.吩咐；指令11．chargen．费用；价钱vt.要价；指控12．powervt.供应动力n.权力→powerfuladj.强大的13．switchn．开关vi.交换；调换14．disabilityn．失去实力；伤残→abilityn．实力→ableadj.能的→unableadj.不能的15．attachvt.系；贴；连接Ⅱ.重点短语1．forsure确定地2．runout用完；耗尽3．relyon依靠4．getridof除掉；处理掉5．freeofcharge免费6．placeorders订购7．carryout执行8．attach...to把……系到……上9．useup用完10．attheflickof轻弹1．riskyadj.危急的；冒险的Doctorssayit'stooriskytooperate.医生说动手术风险太大。Lifeasanaidworkercanbeariskybusiness.救援人员的工作会有危急。riskn．[U，C]风险，危急vt.冒……危急atrisk在危急中attheriskof冒着……的危急riskdoingsth.冒险做某事risky是由名词risk加上形容词后缀­y构成的形容词。类似的形容词再如healthy(健康的)、lucky(幸运的)、hungry(饥饿的)、angry(生气的)。语法填空①Heriskedlosing(lose)hislifetosavethedrowningboy.②Hisadventurewasrisky(risk)．2．alternativeadj.替换的；供选择的n．[C]可供选择的事物Haveyouanyalternativesuggestions?你有没有别的建议？Ifthisplanisnotaccepted,wehaveanalternativeplan.假如这个安排不被接受，我们还有另一个安排。Wetookthealternativeofwalking.我们选择步行。WehavenoalternativebuttofireGibson.我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。havenoalternativebuttodosth.除做……外别无选择havenochoicebuttodo只有做……，别无选择donothingbutdo除做……外，什么也不能做can't(help/choose)butdo只有做；不得不做语法填空①Theyhadnoalternativebutto_leave(leave)theplace.②Wecandonothingbutgive(give)uptheplan.3．arrestvt./n.[U，C]逮捕；拘留Youcouldgetarrestedfordoingthat.你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。Thepolicemadeseveralarrestsduringthefootballmatch.警方在足球赛时逮捕了好几个人。Theyoungmanwasarrestedfordrunkdriving.这个年轻人因醉酒驾驶而被捕。Hewasplacedunderarrestformurder.他因谋杀罪被逮捕。arrestsb.forsth.因某事而逮捕某人place/putsb.underarrest逮捕；拘留Thepoliceputtherobberunderarrest.4．firev．开火；启动；解雇n．[C，U]火；火灾Roytookcarefulaimandfired.罗伊细致瞄准，然后开了火。Theengineisonlyfiringonthreecylinders.这台发动机只有3个汽缸工作。Fired,hegotangrywithhisbossandsethisstoreonfire.被解雇后，他对老板怀恨在心，把老板的商店点着了。fire的一词多义Hegotfired(fire)bytheboss.5．limitn．[常pl.]范围；(to/on)界限vt.限制Heknowshisownlimits.他自知实力有限。There'salimitonthetimeyouhavetotakethetest.这考试是有时间限制的。Theamountofmoneyyouhavetospendwilllimityourchoice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。setlimits/alimitto对……加以限制withinlimits适度地，节制地←→withoutlimits无限制地limitedadj.有限的limitlessadj.无限的Theysetalimittodriving(drive)theircars.6．outdoorsadv.(在)户外Hewantsajobthatwilllethimworkoutdoors.他希望得到一份户外工作。outdooradj.户外的[←→indooradj.室内的]Thechildrenlovetoplayoutdoors(outdoor)．7．commandn．[C]吩咐；指令；[U]指挥vt.吩咐BeginwhenIgivethecommand.我一发出指令就起先。Hefeltfullyincommandofthesituation.他觉得完全限制了局面。Theofficercommandedhismentofire.军官吩咐士兵开火。留意：command接that从句作宾语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。TheGeneralcommandedthatthearmyattackatonce.将军下令军队马上发起进攻。atone'scommand听某人叮嘱incommandof指挥；限制[△主语一般是人]inthecommandof由某人指挥/限制[△主语一般是物]takecommandofsth.限制某事underthecommandofsb.＝undersb.'scommand在某人的指挥下commandsb.todosth.吩咐某人做某事haveagoodcommandof精通……①HehasagoodcommandofEnglish.②HecommandedI(should)_obey(obey)therule.8．powervt.供应动力n．[U，C]权力；力气Themachineispoweredbyagasolineengine.这台机器由汽油引擎供应动力。Atomicenergypowersthesubmarine.原子能给该潜艇供应动力。Hehasbeeninpowerforsevenyears.他已经掌权7年了。Knowledgeispower.学问就是力气。power,strengthpower主要指做一件事所依靠的实力、功能，人或机器等事物的力气、职权、权力。strength常指固有的潜力，着重指人的“力气”、物的“强度”。Thepresidenthasalotofpower.这个会长权力很大。Forasmallwomanshehassurprisingstrength.她个子虽小，但力大惊人。PresidentXiJinpingcameintopower.9．switchn．[C]开关v．交换；调换WhichswitchdoIpresstoturniton?我按哪个开关能把它打开？Iamondutytomorrow.I'vetoswitchwithsomeonetogotoyourparty.我明天值班。我得和别人换一下班才能去参与你们的聚会。We'veswitchedthemeetingfromTuesdaytoThursday.我们把会议从周二调到了周四。switchon打开(灯、无线电等)←→switchoff关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switchover切换；转变各种“开”“关”的译法：开/关门、窗等：open/close/shutthedoor/window开/关电器(如收音机、电视、电灯等)：switchon/offtheradio/TV/light开/关收音机/水/煤气：turnon/offtheradio/water/gas①HeswitchedontheTVandbegantowatchalivefootballmatch.②Atlasttheirtalkswitchedtofootball.③Heswitchedoffthelightandwenttobed.10．attachvt.系；贴；连接Heattachedlabelstoallhisbags.他在全部的包上都贴上了标签。Sheattachedastamptotheenvelopeandmailedit.她在信封上贴上邮票然后寄出去了。Theresearchunitisattachedtotheuniversity.这个探讨单位附属于高校。beattachedto附属于；依恋于attachimportancetosth.重视某事物；认为某事物很重要attach...to...把……系在……上①Thismiddleschoolisattached(attach)toBeijinguniversity.②Weattachimportancetoprotectingtheenvironment.11．loadvt.装载n．[C]负荷物，工作量Ittookanhourtoloadthevan.把货物装进货车花了一个小时。Theyloadedherwithgifts.他们送了她许多礼物。SometimesIthoughtIcouldn'tstandthisloadanylonger.有时我想自己可能再也承受不了这种负担了。Becareful!Thegunisloaded.当心！枪上膛了。Myworkloadhasdoubledsinceheleft.自他走后，我的工作量加倍了。takealoadoffone'smind使某人松口气；使某人卸下心理负担load...with...使……负重unloadv．卸货；从……上卸下来Thegoodnewstookaloadoffmymind.1．Don'tforgettoattachalabeltotheboxwhilepostingit.解析：句意：邮寄箱子时不要忘了在箱子上贴上标签。attach“系；贴；连接”，attachsth.to...意为“把某物系/贴/附在另一物上”。2．TheChinesenationisagreatnation.Chinawillnotattachitselftoanybigpower.解析：句意：中华民族是一个宏大的民族。中国决不依附于任何大国。attach...to意为“系/贴/附在……上”，常指小的东西附着于大的东西上。3．I'msurecarspowered(power)bysolarenergywillbepopularinthenearfuture.解析：句意：我信任由太阳能供应动力的车在不久的将来会受到欢迎。cars与power之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。4．Thepolicehavebeengivenspecialpowertodealwiththisnationalaffair.解析：句意：警察已经获得了处理这一国事的特权。power“权力”。5．Ifyouswitchtheorderofthetwocharacters,youcompletelychangeitsmeaning.解析：句意：假如你调换这两个字的依次，意思就完全变了。switch“交换；调换”。6．It'sgettingdark；switchonthelight.解析：句意：天要黑了，打开电灯。switchon“打开(灯、无线电等)”。7．Hefiredthegunattherabbit.解析：fire...at...朝……开枪。8．Drivingspeedisatmost50kphwithinthecity'slimits.解析：句意：在该城范围内，车速最高每小时50千米。limit此处意为“范围”，用复数。9．Inautumn,farmworkersspendmostoftheirtimeoutdoors(outdoor)．解析：句意：在秋天，农场工人大部分时间都在户外。此处缺少一个副词，outdoors“在户外”。10．Giveyourcommands(command)inaloud,confidentvoicetothesoldiers.解析：句意：向士兵发出你的吩咐，声音要嘹亮、坚决。command“吩咐；指令”。11．Myteachercommandedallthestudentsto_go(go)outtothehillstoplanttreesonMarch12th.解析：句意：3月12日老师让全部的学生外出到山上植树。commandsb.todosth.“吩咐某人做某事”。12．It'stoorisky(risk)toperformanoperationonhimnowbecauseheisweak.解析：句意：现在对他进行手术太危急了，因为他身体虚弱。risky“危急的；冒险的”。13．Thebushasleft.Wehadnoalternativebutto_find(find)ataxi.解析：句意：公交车走了。我们别无选择只好找出租车。alternative“替换的；供选择的”。14．Shewasarrested(arrest)forhelpingthemurderertorunaway.解析：句意：她因为帮助凶手逃跑而被捕。arrest“逮捕；拘留”。15．HehasagoodcommandofEnglishidioms.解析：haveagoodcommandof精通……。16．Nosoonerhadhisluggagebeenloaded(load)thanthejeepstartedoff.解析：句意：他的行李刚一装上车，吉普车就开走了。load装载。1．forsure确定地；准确地Onethingforsure—it'snotgoingtobeeasy.有一点可以确定——事情不会那么简单。Nooneknowsforsurewhatreallyhappened.没有人准确地知道究竟发生了什么事。besureof/aboutsth.对某事确信/有把握besuretodosth.确定要做某事，务必做某事makesure确定，确信；查明，弄清晰Idon'tknowwherehelivesforsure.2．runout(某物)用完；不多了；没有了Ourfoodhasrunout.我们的食物吃光了。Wemustactnowbecausetimeisrunningout.时间不多了，我们必需马上行动起来。You'dbettergohomebeforeyourmoneyrunsout.你最好别等钱花光再回家。runout(of)原义“(使……)全流出来”，因而尤指汽油、墨水等用完。runout,runoutofrunout“被用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。runoutof“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。Shehasrunoutofallhermoneyandherpatienceisalsorunningout.她全部的钱已经用完了，她的耐性也要耗尽了。①Pleaselendmesomemoney,forminehasrunout.②Thecarranoutofitsgasontheway.3．relyon/upon依靠Thevillagershererelyonwellsfortheirwater.这儿的村民用水全靠井。Asbabies,werelyentirelyonothersforfood.在婴儿时期，我们完全依靠别人喂食。Don'trelyongoingtoIndia.不要对去印度抱有太大的希望。relyonsb.forsth.希望某人以得到某物relyonsb.依靠，依靠某人relyonsb.todosth.希望某人做某事dependon依靠，依靠，希望relyonitthat...依靠……；信任……①Healwaysrelies(rely)onhiswifetodothehousehold.②Hesatthereanddidn'twalk,relying(rely)onsomeonetocometohelphim.4．getridof除掉；处理掉Wegotridofalltheoldfurniture.我们扔掉了全部的旧家具。Thisdrugwillgetridofthepaininyourback.这种药物可以解除你的背痛。Iwanttogetridofalltheoldbooksontheshelf.5．freeofcharge免费Theshopfixedmywatchfreeofcharge.那家店免费修好了我的手表。Yourorderwillbesentfreeofcharge.你订的货物将免费运输。chargen.&v．费用，负责；收费，指控，充电inchargeofsth.负责某事inthechargeofsb.由某人负责takechargeof负责chargesb.moneyforsth.为某事向某人收钱chargesb.with...指控某人……①Childrencangotothisparkfreeofcharge.②MrWangisinchargeofourplan.③ThecompanyisinthechargeofMrSmith.6．carryout实行；执行Theywereonlycarryingouttheirorders.他们只不过在执行吩咐而已。Weexpecthimtocarryouthispromises.我们期盼他履行诺言。carryaway带走；使兴奋carryoff胜利地完成(困难的事情)；获得(奖项)carryon(with)接着做；坚持Whowillcarryoutthistoughtask?7．useup用完Trynottouseuptheflour.别把全部的面粉都用完了。Hehasusedupallhisstrength.他已耗尽全部的体力。useup中的up表示“完全；彻底”，类似的短语再如：drinkup喝光sellup售完dryup干枯留意：useup可与runoutof互换，而beusedup可与runout互换。Heusedupallhisoil.1．Bythistimeallhissavingshasbeen_used(use)up.解析：句意：到这时，他全部的存款已全部用完。useup“用完”，是及物动词短语，依据句意可知此处应用其被动语态。2．Inordertoknowthefuturesaleoftheproduct,theycarriedoutamarketsurvey.解析：句意：为了了解这一产品将来的销售状况，他们实施了一项市场调查。carryout“实行；执行”。3．Theproductyoubuyfromourshopshallberepairedfreeofchargeifthereissomethingwrong.解析：句意：假如从我们店里购买的商品出了毛病，可得到免费修理。freeofcharge是固定搭配，意为“免费”。4．Therewasnothingshecoulddobutrelyonotherpeopletodowhattheycould.解析：句意：她无计可施，只有依靠别人，让他们尽力而为。relyon“依靠”。5．Wehaveafaninthekitchentogetridofthesmellofcooking.解析：句意：我们的厨房里有台风扇，用来消退油烟。getridof“除掉；处理掉”。6．IwillneverknowforsurewhetherIwasencouragingordiscouragingmychildren'sinterestinstudybymyexample.解析：句意：我恒久不能准确地知道自身的例子对孩子们在学习方面的爱好是起了激励作用还是反作用。forsure“确定地；准确地”。7．Foodstoresmayrunouttowardstheendofthetrip,sowecan'twasteanyfood.解析：句意：到旅行结束之时食物可能会吃光，所以我们千万不能奢侈食物。runout“(某物)用完”。8．Hismoneyisrunningout,_sohecan'taffordsuchanexpensivepresent.解析：句意：他的钱快花光了，因此他买不起这么贵的礼物。runout“(某物)用完”，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。1．Togetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,preventinglandfillandenvironmentalproblems.为了清除垃圾，城市将用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃物并把它们朝太阳放射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。分析：TomakeprogressinEnglish,shegetsupbeforefiveeverymorningtoreadEnglishtexts.为了提高英语，她每天早晨五点之前起床读英语文章。Aheavystormhitmyhometown,causingtwodeaths.一场大暴雨攻击了我的家乡，造成两人死亡。v．­ing作状语表示必定的结果，前面可加thus(因此)；动词不定式作状语表示意外的结果，前面可加only。例如：Hewascaughtinrain,thusmakinghimill.他被雨淋了，结果生病了。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindhisfriendhadleft.他匆忙赶到车站，结果发觉他的挚友已经离开了。Thefirelastedtwohours,causing(cause)alotofdamage.2．Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwheretheylive.每个人在诞生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会变更。分析：(1)此处主句用了一般将来时的被动语态的形式即willbedone。(2)nomatterwheretheylive是让步状语从句。(3)nomatter＋who,which,what,when,where,how等只能引导让步状语从句，分别相当于whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever,however，表示“无论……”。其中，whoever,whichever,whatever还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句。Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(＝Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。Nomatterwhereyouare,youshouldlearnaboutthelocalcustoms.(＝Whereveryouare,youshouldlearnaboutthelocalcustoms.)不管你在哪儿，你都要了解当地的习俗。Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(＝Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.)不管你是谁，你都要遵纪遵守法律。Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoevercomes是whoever引导的主语从句)不管谁来都受到欢迎。Whoeverbreaksthewindowhastopayforit.3．Distancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway，witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic.随着每个城市自己的远程手术门诊部的设立，医生将能够在几千英里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得非常一般。分析：本句中，witheachcityhavingitsown...属于“with/without＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，在句中作状语。此结构中的宾语补足语常由形容词、副词、分词、不定式或介词短语充当。Withthefloorwetanddirty,wehadtostayoutside.由于地板又湿又脏，我们只好待在外面。Theroomwasdarkwithoutthelighton.灯没有亮，屋子里一片漆黑。Helaythere，withhiseyeslookingattheceiling.他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。Withallhishomeworkdone,Tomwentouttoplayfootball.全部的家庭作业都做完后，汤姆出去踢球了。Withsomuchworktodo,hehadtostayathome.有这么多工作要做，他不得不待在家里。Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.他微笑着坐在那儿。Hehadarestintheshadewithhishorsetied(tie)tothetree.4．...anditwillbepossibletochangethecolourofcarsattheflickofaswitch.……并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够变更汽车的颜色。(1)句中it是形式主语，代替真正的不定式主语。It'simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.对于我们来说，驾驭一门外语很重要。It'simpossibletogetthereintime.不行能刚好赶到那里。除了代替不定式外，it还可以代替动名词或从句作形式主语。It'snouseshouting.喊也没有用。Itappearsthatthetwoleadersareholdingsecrettalks.看来两位领导正在进行密谈。(2)此句中的at意思为“一……(就会发生)”attheflickof一按……。类似的短语还有：atthethoughtof一想到就……；atthesightof一看到就……；atthenewsof一听到……的消息就……Theybegantoshootatthesightoftheenemyplane.一望见敌人的飞机他们就起先射击。Thegirlwasshockedatthesightofthesnake.小女孩一见到蛇吓坏了。Itisnecessaryformetoinformhimofthenews.1．Withnorainformonthsandfoodsuppliesrunning(run)out,thesituationtherewasgettingfrombadtoworse.解析：分析句子结构可知此处是with复合结构中的非谓语动词作宾补，而runout是不及物动词短语，故用现在分词形式。2．Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowing(follow)them.解析：theirpetdog与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。3．To_stay(stay)warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.解析：动词不定式作目的状语。4．Wherever/No_matter_whereyougo,keepsafetyinmind.解析：wherever/nomatterwhere无论哪里。Ⅰ.语法填空Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike?Twothingsare__1__sure.Oneisthatthecitiesaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheygetsmaller.Theotheris__2__carefortheen