2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：流感话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜新冠流感一起来？人类能否扛住“双重暴击”？自新冠疫情以来，就有人担心：季节性流感和新冠病毒是否会一起出现，会不会造成“双重感染”，甚至带来“超级病毒”。但最近有研究显示，一类病毒的蔓延，其实可能带来另一类病毒的消退。这其中原理何在？WhyaCoronavirus-FluʻTwindemicʼMayNeverHappenAnintriguingtheorymayhelpexplainwhythefluandCovid-19nevergrippedthenationsimultaneously—theso-calledtwindemicthatmanypublichealthexpertshadfeared.Theideaisthatitwasn’tjustmasks,socialdistancingorotherpandemicrestrictionsthatcausedfluandotherrespiratoryvirusestofadewhilethecoronavirusreigned,andtoresurgeasitreceded.Rather,exposuretoonerespiratoryvirusmayputthebody’simmunedefensesonhighalert,barringotherintrudersfromgainingentryintotheairways.Thisbiologicalphenomenon,calledviralinterference,maycaptheamountofrespiratoryviruscirculatinginaregionatanygiventime.Beforethecoronavirusbecameaglobalthreat,influenzawasamongthemostcommonsevererespiratoryinfectionseachyear.The2019-2020fluseasonwaswindingdownbeforethecoronavirusbegantoragethroughtheworld,soitwasunclearhowthetwovirusesmightbeinfluencingeachother.Manyexpertsfearedthattheviruseswouldcollidethenextyearinatwindemic,swampinghospitals.Thoseworrieswerenotrealized.Casesremainedunusuallylowthroughoutthe2020-2021fluseason,asthecoronaviruscontinuedtocirculate.Still,thebehaviorofvirusescanbegreatlyinfluencedbytheirrapidevolution,andbysocietalrestrictionsandvaccinationpatterns.Sothepotentialimpactofviralinterferenceisunlikelytobecomeapparenttillthecoronavirussettlesintoapredictableendemicpattern.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.twindemicn.___________________________2.intriguing[ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ]adj.___________________________3.reign[reɪn]v.___________________________4.phenomenon[fɪˈnɒmənən]n.___________________________5.cap[kæp]v.___________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.掌控国家_______________________________________2.处于高度警戒状态_______________________________________3.逐渐下降_______________________________________拓展练习阅读理解It’speakcoldandfluseason,whichmeanstakingalotofpreventativemeasures.Frequenthand-washingisamust,asisavoidingco-workersorfriendswhoaresick.Butwehumansarenottheonlyanimalsthatchangebehaviorstokeepdiseasesatbay.Sodoants.“Sotherearetheforagers(工蚁)andthenurses—it’stwodifferentgroupsofwork,”saidNathaoftheUniversityofLausanne.Sheandhercolleaguesobservedantstoseetheirreactiontothepresenceofadisease.“Thenursesbeingmadeofyoungworkerstypically,stayinsidethenestandtakecareoftheeggs.Andtheforagersarealltheworkersspendingmostoftimeatoutsideofthenesttocollectfoodanddefendtheterritory.”Foragerantsareatgreaterriskofgettingexposedtodiseasesbecausetheyleavethesafetyofthenest.Sotheresearcherssprayedacommonvirusonasmallgroupofforagerantsandthenfollowedtheirmovementstoseethewayotherantsreacted.“Wemarkedallantsinthecolonywithindividuallabels,whichcarriesthesetwo-dimensionalbarcodemarkslikeQRcodewhichisautomaticallydetectedandrecordedusingatrackingsystem.”Aftertheinfection,thenurseandforagerantsstayedwithintheirworkingplacesandinteractedlessoutsideoftheirworkgroup.Theresearchersalsosawthatforagerantsspentmoretimeoutsideofthenest.“Theyincreasethatamountby15percent,sobyquitealargeamount.”Isolatingbehaviorstopsthespreadofthevirus.“Somethingthat’squiteinterestingintheseantsthat’sbeenshownbythestudyisthatintheirabilitytoavoidinfectingothermembersofthecommunity,antsmaybemoreadvancedthanweare,”Nathasaid.12.Howdidtheresearcherstracktheinfectedants?A.Theylabeledthemovementsofinfectedants.B.TheyusedtheQRcodestofollowtheants’movements.C.Theyhadsomenurseandforagerantsinfectedwiththevirus.D.Theyappliedatrackingtechnologytorecordtheants’movements.13.Howdidtheantsactafterbeinginfected?A.Foragerantsstayedinsidethenestmore.B.Infectedantstendedtostayawayfromhealthyants.C.Thenursesstayedinsidethenest,workingandlivingasusual.D.15%moreforagerantsstayedoutsideaftertheywereinfected.14.What’sNatha’sattitudetowardants’behaviors?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Appreciative. D.Conservative.15.Whatistrueaboutants?A.Theycanchangebehaviourstopreventdiseases.B.Theyarehighlycooperativeandadaptable.C.Foragerantshavebetterresiliencethannurseants.D.Antssocietiesaremoreadvancedthanhumansocieties.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.twindemicn.流感和新冠肺炎同时爆发大流行2.intriguing[ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ]adj.有趣的;引人入胜的;神秘的3.reign[reɪn]v.统治;当政;为王;为君;4.phenomenon[fɪˈnɒmənən]n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人5.cap[kæp]v.限额收取(或支出);胜过;超过【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.gripthenation掌控国家2.onhighalert处于高度警戒状态=3.windingdown逐渐下降【全文翻译】新冠流感“双重大流行”不太可能发生，原因何在？许多公共卫生专家都担心，会有一场新冠加流感的“双重大流行”。有一个有趣的理论，或许可以解释，为什么这两种流行病从未同时席卷全国。新冠病毒盛行时，流感和其他呼吸道病毒出现了消退，但新冠疫情缓和时，却又再次复生。该理论认为，戴口罩、保持社交距离和其他疫情防控措施，并不是导致这种此消彼长的唯一原因。一个更有可能的原因是，在接触到一种呼吸道病毒时，身体的免疫防御系统会进入高度警戒状态，阻止其他入侵者进入呼吸道。这种生物学现象叫作“病毒干扰”，它也许能限制呼吸道病毒在特定时间内、在某个区域内的传播数量。在新冠病毒成为全球威胁之前，流感是每年