2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读i学案：大脑话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜神奇的大脑：切除一半仍能运转你知道吗，大脑被切除一半后，仍然能够继续工作。早在上个世纪，医学界就已经开始对患有脑损伤性疾病的患者施行半脑切除手术。术后很多人都恢复良好。近期的一项研究表明，人类的大脑具有极强的可塑性，在被切除一半后，也有可能恢复原有的脑功能。这种可塑性是如何实现的？对正常人来说有什么意义？HowtheBrainCanRewireItselfAfterHalfofItIsRemoved①Shortlyafterthebirthofherfirstson,MonikaJoneslearnedthathehadarareneurologicalconditionthatmadeonesideofhisbrainabnormallylarge.Herequiredseveralsurgeries,startingwhenhewas31/2monthsold,eventuallyleadingtoacompleteanatomicalhemispherectomy,ortheremovalofhalfofhisbrain,whenheturned3.②Theprocedurewasfirstdevelopedinthe1920stotreatmalignantbraintumors.Butitssuccessinchildrenwhohavebrainmalformations,intractableseizuresordiseaseswheredamageisconfinedtohalfthebrain,hasastonishedevenseasonedscientists.Aftertheprocedure,manyofthechildrenareabletowalk,talk,readanddoeverydaytasks.③Now,researchpublishedTuesdaysuggeststhatsomeindividualsrecoversowellfromthesurgerybecauseofareorganizationintheremaininghalfofthebrain.Scientistsidentifiedthevarietyofnetworksthatpickuptheslackfortheremovedtissue,withsomeofthebrain’sspecialistslearningtooperatelikegeneralists.④“Thebrainisremarkablyplastic,”saidDoritKliemann,thefirstauthorofthestudy.“Itcancompensatefordramaticlossofbrainstructure,andinsomecasestheremainingnetworkscansupportalmosttypicalcognition.”⑤Fornow,Mrs.Jonesishappythathersoncanwalkindependently,communicatewithaniPadandeatmealswithoutafeedingtube.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.rewire[ˌriːˈwaɪə]vt.________________________2.remove[rɪˈmuːv]vt.________________________3.learn[lɜːn]vt.________________________4.condition[kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n]n.________________________5.abnormally[æbˈnɔːm(ə)li]adv.________________________6.anatomical[ˌænəˈtɒmɪk(ə)l]adj.________________________7.hemispherectomy[ˌhemisfi'rektəmi]n.________________________8.astonish[əˈstɒnɪʃ]vt.________________________9.seasoned[ˈsiːz(ə)nd]adj.________________________10.reorganization[riːˌɔːɡ(ə)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.________________________11.specialist[ˈspeʃ(ə)lɪst]n.________________________12.generalist[ˈdʒen(ə)r(ə)lɪst]n.________________________13.plastic[ˈplæstɪk]adj.________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.在……之后不久___________________________________________2.恶性脑瘤___________________________________________3.大脑畸形___________________________________________4.顽固性癫痫___________________________________________5.限于___________________________________________6.各种各样的某物___________________________________________7.收拾烂摊子；替别人做他们应该做但没有做的事___________________________________8.提供补偿___________________________________________拓展练习阅读理解Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonyourbrainhealth?Anewstudyshowspetownershipislinkedtoaslowerdeclineincognition(认知)overtime.AccordingtoastudythatwillbepresentedattheAmericanAcademyofNeurology’s74thAnnualMeetinginApril,owningapet,especiallyforliveyearsorlonger,maybelinkedtoaslowercognitivedeclineinolderadults.“Earlierstudieshavesuggestedthatthehuman-animalbondmayhavehealthbenefitslikedecreasingbloodpressureandstress,”saidstudyauthorTiffanyBraley,MD,MS,oftheUniversityofMichiganMedicalCenterinAnnArborandamemberoftheAmericanAcademyofNeurology.“Ourresultssuggestpetownershipmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline.”Thestudylookedatcognitivedatafrom1,369olderadultswithanaverageageof65whohadgeneralcognitiveskillsatthestartofthestudy.Atotalof53%ownedpets,and32%werelong-termpetowners,whoownedpetsforfiveyearsormore.Oversixyears,cognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasstrongestamonglong-termpetowners.“Asstresscanbadlyaffectcognitivefunction,thepotentialstress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovidearationalexplanationforourfindings,”saidBraley.“Acompanionanimalcanalsoincreasephysicalactivity,whichcouldbenefitcognitivehealth.Thatsaid,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmourresultsandidentifyunderlyingtheoriesforthisconnection.”Previousstudieshaveshownthatowningpetslowersbloodpressure,reduceschancesofdepressionandloneliness,promoteslivinginthepresentmoment,increasesmobilityandindependenceandeasesanxietyandpain.23.What’sthenewdiscoveryaboutpetownership?A.Itremovesloneliness. B.Itsmoothsawaystress.C.Itdecreasesbloodpressure. D.Itslowsdowncognitivedecline.24.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph3?A.Petownersandnon-petownersdiffergreatly.B.Thenewfindingsdifferfromthepreviousones.C.Thelongeronekeepsapet,themorebenefitshegets.D.Owningapetcangreatlyincreaseone’sphysicalstrength.25.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Possiblereasonsforthefindingsofthestudy.B.Thegreateffortsresearchersmadeforthestudy.C.Somespecificinformationoftheparticipantsinthestudy.D.Thelengthoftimethestudywasplannedtolast.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rational”inparagraph6probablymean?A.Different. B.Reasonable.C.Casual. D.Immediate.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.rewire[ˌriːˈwaɪə]vt.重新连接2.remove[rɪˈmuːv]vt.去掉，移除3.learn[lɜːn]vt.获悉，得知，了解4.condition[kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n]n.病，疾病；情况5.abnormally[æbˈnɔːm(ə)li]adv.异常地6.anatomical[ˌænəˈtɒmɪk(ə)l]adj.解剖的7.hemispherectomy[ˌhemisfi'rektəmi]n.大脑半球切除术8.astonish[əˈstɒnɪʃ]vt.震惊9.seasoned[ˈsiːz(ə)nd]adj.经验丰富的，老练的10.reorganization[riːˌɔːɡ(ə)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.重组11.specialist[ˈspeʃ(ə)lɪst]n.专才12.generalist[ˈdʒen(ə)r(ə)lɪst]n.通才13.plastic[ˈplæstɪk]adj.可塑的【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.shortlyafter在……之后不久2.malignantbraint