Unit4JourneyacrossavastlandDiscoverusefulstructures课件高中英语人教版选择性

Unit4JourneyacrossaVastLand

Discoverusefulstructures过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语和状语语态及用法主动被动用法动词-ing形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主语宾语表语定语状语补语doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√过去分词done

√√√√1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异Iwassurprisedatthenews.(系表)Iwasbroughtupbymyaunt.(被动)被动语态表示动作,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者可以由by引出。作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,相当于形容词的作用这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。一、动词过去分词done作表语用法归纳Heisterrifying.(指他令人害怕)Heisterrified.(指他感到害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.(狗受到了惊吓)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.(狗是令人害怕的)当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/觉得……”时,表语要使用过去分词;而要表示主语具有“令人/使别人感到……”的特征/性质时,表语使用现在分词2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别用法归纳2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别含有情感意义的成对分词列表interesting使人感到高兴

interested感到高兴的excitingexciteddelighting令人高兴的delighteddisappointingdisappointed

encouragingencouraged

pleasingpleasedpuzzlingpuzzled

satisfyingsatisfied即时训练1用所给词的适当形式填空①Wewere___________attheresultofthe

experiment,becauseitwasabittoo_______________.(disappoint)②Thenewswas__________andtheywereall__________atit.(excite)③Weallfelt_____________atthe_____________

news.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereall________totearsby

the__________film.(move)disappointeddisappointingexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmovingPastparticiple-edPresentparticiple-ing做表语表示人或物的心情或状态等，意为：________表示人或物自身特征，意为：__________作状语与逻辑主语之间是____________，往往表示完成与逻辑主语之间是________，往往表示动作正在进行Summarize感到……令人……被动主动关系关系1.过去分词(短语)作状语

Seenfromthetopofthehill,theschoollookslikeabiggarden.Givenmoreattention,thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.Encouragedbytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.Leftaloneathome,Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.二、动词过去分词done作状语用法归纳过去分词作状语时,其表示的动作与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语

、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语或方式状语。Seenfromthesky,ourcityisverybeautiful.(ourcity与see之间是被动关系)Seeingitfromthesky,wefindourcityisverybeautiful.(we与see之间是主动关系)2.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别分词在句子中作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种分词,取决于分词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:被动关系用过去分词,主动关系用现在分词。用法归纳done作状语Attention▪Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.(Para.2)▪Lookingatthebeautifulscenery,theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.(Para.2)状语状语主语被动关系群山和森林作为“物”是“被看到”的主语主动关系they指“人”，人是动作“看”的主体即时训练2用所给词的适当形式填空①__________(find)thecoursevery

difficult,

shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.②Time,_________(use)correctly,is

moneyinthebank.③__________(use)thebook,Ifindituseful.④____________(hear)thejoke,Icouldn'thelp

laughing.FindingusedUsingHearing

3.过去分词（短语）作状语的用法

过去分词（短语）作状语的用法过去分词（短语）作状语，一般在句子中表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式、伴随和结果，相当于个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与其逻辑主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1.作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确Seen

fromthetopofthehill,thetownlooks

morebeautiful.=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,the

townlooksmorebeautiful.从山顶往下看，这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。2.作原因状语

相当于原因状语从句或并列结构。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegan

tocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythe

story,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭了起来。3.作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。Given

moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoit

muchbetter.多给我们，点时间，我们会做得更好4.作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although，though,evenif,eventhough,whetheror等连词转换成让步状语从句。Defeated

byhisopponent,henevergaveup

anyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.尽管被对手击败，但是他从来没放弃希望。5.作方式和伴随状语相当于and连接的并列结构。Thepresidentofthecompanycmetoth

factory,followedbysomeworkers.=Thepresidentofthecompanycametoth

factoryandhewasfollowedbysomeorker公司总经理在几位工人的陪同下来到工厂。【应用实践】(1)_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.FoundingB.FoundedC.FoundD.Itwasfounded(2)

When_____forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.heaskingC.askedD.heasked(3)______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UsedB.UsingC.ItisusedD.Itisusing√√√过去分词（短语）作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,Li

Leihurriedhome

quickly.得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。4.过去分词（短语）作状语时在句中的位置Givenachance,wecansurprisetheworld.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致(动词-ing形式作状语同样如此)，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。温馨提示(1)过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如:when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表达得更清楚。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.逻辑主语与句子主语一致逻辑主语与句子主语不一致Thereisanicepicture_________(hang)onthewall.

1.过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较)三、动词过去分词done作定语

过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而

现在分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间为主动关系。用法归纳hanging2.过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较)done作定语

单个的分词作定语时,形容表情或者是人的感受用过去分词;形容事/物用

现在分词。用法归纳Hisexcited

expressionsuggestedthathehadgotexciting

marks.PracticeandApply(1)即学即练P41PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamazeThegirlswere___________toseesuchanopencountry.即学即练amazed修饰感到惊讶的姑娘们看到如此广袤的国家甚为惊讶。这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。Thefarmcoveredaverylargearea,whichwas__________.amazing修饰令人惊讶的表语PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.即学即练frightening修饰独自一人进入荒野令人害怕。你一个人进入荒野感到害怕吗？

Doyoufeel________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frightened修饰令人害怕的表语感到害怕的PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze_______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.即学即练Seen景色被人从山顶上看到从山顶往下望，景色令人着迷。我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。_______thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.Seeing人从山顶看风景状语被动关系主语主语主动关系PracticeandApply(1)即学即练________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany—_______byitsnewmanager—staredtomakeaprofit.HeadingseefrightenheadamazeHeaded主动关系被动关系状语往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始盈利。PracticeandApply(2)即学即练excitesatisfytireboreP41PracticeandApply(2)即学即练

boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsinFinland.Weexpectedtoexperiencealotof_______thingsthere.想到芬兰那些美丽的地方我们激动起来。我们期待在那里检验很多令人激动的事情。excitedexciting感到激动的令人激动的做表语做定语PracticeandApply(2)即学即练

boreexcitetiresatisfy2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso_______.Theeight–hourtrainridewasquite________.由于疲乏，我们一到宾馆就上床休息了。长达八个小时的火车行程令人疲惫不堪。tiredtiring感到累的令人疲倦的做表语做表语PracticeandApply(2)即学即练

boreexcitetiresatisfy3.

I

was

not

_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIexpected.Butwehada________mealatthehotel’srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.我对这家宾馆不满意，它的卫生状况没有达到我的预期。不过我们在宾馆餐厅吃的那顿饭令人满意，因此后来我感觉好一些了。satisfiedsatisfying感到满意的做表语令人满意的做定语PracticeandApply(2)即学即练

boreexcitetiresatisfy4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchTV.Sadly,theTVprogrammesthatdaywere_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty_______.第二天下起了大雨，因此我们只是带在宾馆看电视。不幸的是，当天的电视节目索然无趣。我们无所事事，感觉百无聊赖。令人厌烦的做表语boringbored感到厌烦的做表语动词过去分词和现在分词作表语以及被动语态的用法1.Whenheheardthe

story,hewasdeeply

.(move)

2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).

3.Thegirlswere

toseesuchanopencountry.(amaze)4.Weallfelt

atthe

news.(encourage)

5.

(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.

6.Thenewswas

andtheywereall

atit.(excite)7.Theaudiencewereall________totearsbythe__________film.(move)8..Oneofthewindowsis_________(broke).9..Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.10.Shewas_________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty.movingmoved

disappointed

encouragedencouraging

Impressedexcitingexcited

基础练习（4.12作业）brokenpuzzledsurprisedmovedmovingamazed1.___________(hear)thenews,sheburstintotears.2._________(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood．3._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.4.TsinghuaUniversity,_______(found)in1911,ishometoagrea