2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3Theworldofscience第1课时StartingoutUnderstandingideas课时作业含解析外研版必修第三册

PAGEPAGE1课时作业7Startingout&Understandingideaseq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.完形填空)Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour__1__wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample,whilewearelookingforwardto__2__anewplaceorcountry,weimaginewhatitwillbelike.Wepredictthe__3__peoplewilleat,dressandact.Ofcourse,wedonotalwayspredictthings__4__.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewayweexpectedthemtobe.Oneofthe__5__dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule,whohadbeen__6__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad__7__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays,butthere__8__tobenowayoffindingouttheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhewokeup,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis__9__.Itissaidthatinordertofigureouttheprocess,thehypnotist(催眠师)satinthechairoppositehimandspoke__10__：“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout__11__.Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice,your__12__willgetheavier.Soonyou'llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand__13__mywords,butyourbodywillbeasleep.Youreyesaretooheavy.Youarealmostasleep,andwhenyouwakeupyouwill__14__nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto__15__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five...”本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲解并描述德国科学家Kekule的故事，说明白人类思想的奇妙实力。1．A.brains B．sensesC．minds D．sights答案：C解析：依据文章首句可知，人类思想最显著的特点之一就是有想象将来的实力，据此可知，空处指“思想”，故C项正确。2．A.visiting B．seekingC．reaching D．discovering答案：A解析：依据该句中的“anewplaceorcountry”可以推断，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象那里会是什么样子。3．A.custom B．habitC．style D．way答案：D解析：依据“peoplewilleat,dressandact”可知，我们总会预料(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。way意为“方式”，符合语境，故D项正确。4．A.quickly B．simplyC．correctly D．neatly答案：C解析：依据空处后一句“Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewayweexpectedthemtobe.”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样，据此可以推断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预料事物。5．A.funny B．dullC．famous D．silly答案：C解析：依据该句中的“dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上闻名的梦之一是德国科学家Kekule的梦。famous意为“闻名的”，符合语境，故C项正确。6．A.managing B．tryingC．thinking D．hoping答案：B解析：依据该句中的“Kekule,whohadbeen__6__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics”及下文可知，Kekule始终在努力解一道物理难题。trytodosth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。7．A.studied B．learnedC．discussed D．searched答案：A解析：依据该句中的“Hehad__7__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays”可知，他从多个角度探讨(studied)和分析了这个难题。8．A.used B．oughtC．seemed D．had答案：C解析：依据该句中的“butthere__8__tobenowayoffindingouttheanswer”可知，似乎没有方法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，似乎”，符合语境，故C项正确。9．A.dream B．lessonC．research D．exercise答案：A解析：依据上文中的“hewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhewokeup,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。10．A.softly B．loudlyC．slowly D．firmly答案：A解析：依据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔软地(softly)说着话。11．A.everything B．somethingC．nothing D．anything答案：C解析：依据空前一句“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.”及下文中的“Youknownothingbutmyvoice.”可知，空处应指什么都不要想。故C项符合语境。12．A.eyes B．feetC．head D．body答案：A解析：依据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选A项。13．A.believe B．repeatC．take D．understand答案：D解析：依据该句中的“Youwillhearmyvoiceand__13__mywords”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”，符合语境。14．A.accept B．rememberC．hear D．receive答案：B解析：依据下文中的“Youwillforgeteverything.”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。故B项符合语境。15．A.count B．sayC．add D．speak答案：A解析：依据“NowIamgoingto__15__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five”可知，此处表示数数，A项意为“(按依次)数数”，符合语境，故A项正确。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.阅读理解)AAfteryearsoftrying,ourneighborsconvincedmyparentsthaticefishingwouldbeafunwintergetawayfromourdairyfarm.Beforethat,theirideaofentertainmentinvolveddrivingaroundthecountrysidetoseehowtheneighbors'cropsweredoing.MyparentseventuallybuiltafishhouseandsetituponWoodOurhousewaslargeenoughsoallfourofuscouldfishatthesametime.Eachcornerhadasquarecutoutofthefloor.Wesatincomfort.You'dthinkicefishingwouldbecold,butwehadasmallwoodstove(木炉)inside,andweputsnowaroundthebottomofthehousetokeepthewindfromblowingunderneath.Besidesthethrillofwatchingyourbobber(钓鱼浮标)dipbelowthewater,lunchwasalwaysthehighlightoftheday.Momwouldfryporkorhamburgersinapan.Thesmellofcookingmeatwastheenvyofeveryotherfishhouseintheneighborhood.Ourdayspassedwithamixofquiettimeandfamilychatter.Wetalkedaboutthefarmorschool.Andofcourse,wesharedfishingadvice.Partofthefunoficefishingwaslearningtounderstandandtrustthesoundsofthefrozenlake.Healthyice“talks”asitfreezesandshifts.Youcouldoftenhearthesoundofacracktravelingthroughtheice.Peoplewhohavenevertriedicefishingmaynotthinkitsoundsveryexciting,butitwasforus.Fishingtripswereanadventure.Wedidn'talwayscatchfish,butwealwaysbroughthomegreatmemoriesofadaywithfamilyandfriends.本文为说明文。作者介绍了冬天的钓鱼旅行给他及家人带来的好处及乐趣。1．Whichistrueaboutentertainmentfortheauthor'sfamilybeforethefishingtrips?A．Theyenjoyedvisitingthefarmers.B．Theyhadlittlechoiceforentertainment.C．Theypreferredtotakecareoftheirfarm.D．Theylovedtodoresearchongrowingcrops.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的Beforethat,theirideaofentertainmentinvolveddrivingaroundthecountrysidetoseehowtheneighbors'cropsweredoing.(在那之前，他们的消遣理念是开车到乡村去看看邻居的庄稼长得怎么样)可知，对作者的家人来说，在没有起先钓鱼旅行之前，他们几乎没有消遣的选择。故B选项正确。2．Whydidtheauthorputsnowaroundthebottomofthefishhouse?A．Toprotectthefishhouse.B．Tofollowanoldlocaltradition.C．Toblockthewindunderneath.D．Tositinacomfortableposition.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的weputsnowaroundthebottomofthehousetokeepthewindfromblowingunderneath.(我们把雪放在房子的底部以防止风从下面吹进来)可知，作者把雪放在钓鱼小屋的底部是为了阻挡风从下面吹进来。故C选项正确。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Theauthor'smomwasnotquiteinterestedincooking.B．Theauthor'sfamilysharedfishingadvicewitheachother.C．Theauthorconsideredthosetripsenjoyableandmeaningful.D．Theauthor'sfamilyusuallyfishedalone,farfromthecrowd.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的Wedidn'talwayscatchfish,butwealwaysbroughthomegreatmemoriesofadaywithfamilyandfriends.(我们并不总是钓到鱼，但我们回家时总是带回与家人和挚友相处一天的美妙回忆)可推知，作者认为这些钓鱼旅行是开心和有意义的。故C选项正确。BBytryingtotickle(使发痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathenstimulatedthatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.“It'strulyground­breaking，”saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewedthepaper.“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirstnoticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershadalreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworkednoticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid，“Let'sgoandticklesomerats.”Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous，”saidDanielO'Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout？”hesaid.“Thisisthefirststeptowardsansweringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor(严谨)．”本文是一篇说明文。文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论把对心情的探讨提升到了一个全新的高度。4．Whatcontributedtohumans'beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?A．Theirspecialskin.B．Theirsocialpleasure.C．Theirnervoussystem.D．Theirwillingnesstotouch.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的实力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，故选A项。5．WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?A．Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.B．Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.C．Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.D．Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.答案：C解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知，Burgdorf认为这项探讨成果把对心情的探讨提升到了一个全新的高度，明显，这对心情的探讨是有好处的。故选C项。6．Theunderlinedword“squeaked”inParagraph2maybereplacedby“________”．A．gaveasmileB．madeanoiseC．burstintotearsD．watchedwithstaringeyes答案：B解析：词义揣测题。依据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会兴奋地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”，故选B项。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLifeofRatsB．HowRatsLaughC．AWonderfulScientistD．ANewDiscoveryaboutRats答案：D解析：标题归纳题。依据全文内容可知，文章主要讲解并描述了一项关于老鼠的新发觉。故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.语法填空)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asyouknow,scienceplays__1__veryimportantroleinoureducation.Doyouwanttokeepup__2__thelatestresearchanddiscoveriesinscience?Therearemanygoodwebsites__3__youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews__4__(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.Thearticlesareintendedforyoungerreaders,butadultswillfindthissite__5__(suit)forthemaswell.Anotherwonderfulsite,onethatIcheckouteveryday,__6__(call)ScienceDaily.Thesiteis__7__(constant)updatedwithnews,often