2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷03（全解全析）

2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷03一、听力理解（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）听下面十段对话或独白，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第1段材料，回答第1题。1．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Abook. B．Amovie. C．Awar.【答案】A【原文】M:Ican’tgetthroughthisbook.It’sjustpageafterpageoftalkingaboutthewar.Iwouldratherwatchthefilminstead.W:Don’tgiveup.It’saclassic.Plus,wehavetowriteareportonit.听第2段材料，回答第2题。2．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Bepatient. B．Getofftheplane. C．Sitatthefront.【答案】C【原文】W:IlovetravelingbyplanebutIhatewaitingtogetoffwhentheplanelands.M:Youshouldbookaseatrightatthefrontoftheplane.Thosepassengersarethefirsttogetoff.听第3段材料，回答第3题。3．Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenewsstory?A．Amazed. B．Inspired. C．Confused.【答案】A【原文】M:Thatwasanamazingstoryonthenews.It’shardtobelievethatsomeonecouldsurvivethreemonthslostatsea.W:Itjustshowsyouwhathumansareabletodowhenit’slifeordeath.Itreallymademethink.听第4段材料，回答第4题。4．Whatshouldtheman’ssondoaccordingtothewoman?A．Becomeamemberofaclub.B．Spendmoretimestudying.C．Takepicturesofhisfriends.【答案】A【原文】M:Mysonhasstartedtolearntakingphotoslately.Heseemstospendalotoftimealonedoingit.W:Maybeyoushouldencouragehimtojoinaphotographyclub,sohecanlearnandmakenewfriendsatthesametime.听第5段材料，回答第5题至第6题。5．Whoaccompaniedthewomantothehospital?A．Theman. B．Hersister. C．Hermother.6．Whatisthewomanallergicto?A．Dust. B．Seafood. C．Mangoes.【答案】5．B6．A【原文】M:Areyounotfeelingwell?Iheardthatyoutooktimeoffyesterdaytogotothehospital.W:Yes,Ihaveanallergicreaction.Iwasgoingtoaskyoutoaccompanymetothehospital.Butmymomaskedmysistertogowithme.M:Whatdidthedoctorsay?Areyouallergictoseafood?W:No.IthoughtIwasallergictomangoes,butIneverthoughtthedoctorwouldsayIwasallergictodust!M:That’sreallynotverycommon.Youmusttakecareofyourselfinthefuture.听第6段材料，回答第7题至第8题。7．WhyaretheBlacksmovingtoAustralia?A．MrBlackhasfoundanewjobthere.B．Theyhavemanyfriendsthere.C．MrsBlackwantstoteachthere.8．WhatmightMrsBlackdoinMelbourne?A．Ateacher. B．Ahousewife. C．Aclerk.【答案】7．A8．A【原文】M:Hello,Anne.IheardthatMrandMrsBlackaremovingtoAustralia.Isthattrue?W:Yes,MrBlackhasanewjobasaclerkinMelbourne.Besides,theywanttohavetheirfirstbabythere.M:Buttheyhavefewfriendsthere,right?W:Yes.Butyouknow,theenvironmentthereisbetterandtherearebetterschoolsforthechildren.M:Youjustsaidthattheywanttohaveababy;youmeanthatMrsBlackwillstopworking?W:Shetoldmethatshemaygetateachingjobthere.听第7段材料，回答第9题至第11题。9．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Bookaroom. B．Changerooms. C．Checkout.10．Whenisthecheck-outtime?A．12:00atnoon. B．10:00inthemorning. C．2:00intheafternoon.11．Whatkindofroomdoesthewomanlike?A．OnefacingtheBigBen.B．OnefacingtheThamesRiver.C．OnefacingtheLondonBridge.【答案】9．B10．A11．B【原文】M:Goodevening,madam.MayIhelpyou?W:Yes,please.I’dliketohaveabiggerroom.Youknow,youdidn’thavebiggeroneswhenIcheckedinbecauseLondonExportCommoditiesFairwasbeingheld,soI’vebeenstayinginasmallonethesedays.M:Isee.Thefairwasoveryesterday.Nowwedohavevacantbiggerrooms.Whendoyouwanttochangeyourroom?W:Tomorrowevening.M:I’dliketoletyouknowthatthecheck-outtimeis12:00inthemiddleoftheday.W:Isee.What’stherateforabiggerroom?M:￡40pernight.Bytheway,wouldyoulikearoomfacingtheThamesRiveroraroomfacingtheBigBen?W:I’dpreferaroomfacingtheThamesRiver.听第8段材料，回答第12题至第14题。12．Whathappenedwhenthemanwasclimbingmountains?A．Hehadacold. B．Hegotstuckinahole. C．Hewaslostinbadweather.13．Whatcausedthelossoftheman’slegs?A．Lowtemperature.B．Abadfallinthemountain.C．Anunsuccessfuloperation.14．Whatdidthemandecidetodoafterlosinghislegs?A．Designnewclimbingshoes.B．Setupaclubforthedisabled.C．Usetechnologytofighthisdisability.【答案】12．C13．A14．C【原文】W:Hi.Hugh,canyoutellmehowithappened?M:Sure,IwasclimbingmountainsinNewHampshirein1982.Suddenlytheweatherbecamereallybad.Therewaslotsofsnowandwecouldn’tseeanything.Wegotlost.Well,wespentfourdaysonthemountain.Thetemperaturewas20degreesbelowzero.Wedidn’thaveanyequipmentorfood.W:Sowhathappened?Iguesssomeonefoundyou,right?M:Yes,butwewereverysick.Icouldn’tmovemylegsbecauseofthecold.Ispenttwomonthsinhospital.Thedoctorsremovedmylegs.W:Right,soyoulostyourlegs,butyouwanttotryyourbesttostayactive.M:That’sright.Infact,Idecidedtomakesomenewlegsformyself.Irealizedthatnoonehastobephysicallydisabled.Wecanusemoderntechnologytohelpus.W:Andyoubuiltthesegreatnewlegs.Canyougomountainclimbingagain?M:Yes,Ican.Infactthesearebetterthanclimbingshoes.Thespringdesignmeansthattheyaremuchmorepowerful.听第9段材料，回答第15题至第17题。15．Wherearethespeakers?A．Athome. B．Inapark. C．Intheoffice.16．WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheweatherinEngland?A．It’senjoyable. B．It’schangeable. C．It’scomfortable.17．Whatwastheweatherlikeatnoon?A．Windy. B．Rainy. C．Sunny.【答案】15．A16．B17．C【原文】W:Jack...closethewindowinthebathroom—thewind’sgettingreallystrong.M:Done.Honestly,weseemtohavehadawholeyear’sweatherinonedaytoday.W:Iknow-thismorningIcouldhardlyseeacrosstheroadbecauseofthethickdarkclouds.M:Yeah,butatlunchtimeIsatintheparkenjoyingthesun.ThenonthewayhomefromworkIgotcaughtintherainandsatonthebusfeelingverywetandpoor.W:Andnowwe’vegotthis.EnglandinApril—howlovely!听第10段材料，回答第18题至第20题。18．Whatistheman’sproblem?A．Heisunabletostayfocused.B．Heisuninterestedinthesubject.C．Heisoftensleepyintheclass19．Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A．Drawingpictures. B．Readingbooks. C．Writingnotes.20．Whydoesthewomandrawinclass?A．Towriteherideas. B．Topayactiveattention. C．Totakenotes.【答案】18．A19．C20．B【原文】W:Jim,youlooksad.What’sthematter?M:IgotaBinmyclass.IhavetroublestayingfocusedinMr.White’sclass.W:Iagree.Mr.Whiteisnotaverygoodlecturer.Butthesubjectisinteresting.M:Itriedmybesttolistencarefully.Butafterabout10minutes,Ijustgotdistracted.Youseemedtobeconcentrated.Howcanyoudothat?W:Well,youcanwritethingsdown.Ireadthiswayofactiveconcentrationinabookanditisreallyuseful.Butithastobedonebyhand.M:Doyoureviewyournotesafterwards?W:Sometimesbutthat’snotthemostimportant.WhatmattersmostisthatbywritingdownwhatMr.Whitesays,Icanfollowhislineofthinkingmoreeasily.Infact,sometimesIdrawalittletoo.M:Youdrawinclassandthathelpstopayattention?W:Yes,honestly,itworksforme.Ijustdrawlittlelinescasually.Thekeypointistolistenhardwhilekeepingthepenmoving.第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下第21题至第25题的关键信息。此段对话你将听两遍。AWeatherReportinAustraliaNewSouthWalesThereisawarninginplaceasbush21spread.QueenslandAtleast22inchesofrainareexpectedtofalloverthenext24hours.NorthernTerritoryResidentsshouldonlyexperiencelightshowers,anditwillremaindryandcloudyuntil23evening.PerthTherewillbeacalm24thatmaybecomestrongertowardstheendoftheweek.GeraldtonRainshowerswillcomeinfromthe25butshoulddisappearlater.【答案】21．fires22．2/two23．Friday24．wind25．ocean【原文】

Thisweek’sweatherinAustraliaisgoingtobehot.ThereisalreadyawarninginplacefortheeastcoastofNewSouthWalesasbushfiresspread.Thetemperatureisexpectedtoreachagreatheightof38degrees,5degreeshotterthanthistimelastyear.

MeanwhileintherainforestinnorthernQueensland,atleast2inchesofrainareexpectedtofalloverthenext24hours.Afurther10inchesarepredictedovertheweekahead.Residentsshouldexpectflashfloodsonroadsandonlytravelifessentialtodoso.

TheNorthernTerritorywillseesomeofthisrainasthecloudsmoveinasouth-westdirection.However,theyshouldonlyexperiencelightshowers,anditwillremaindryandcloudyuntilFridayevening.Itshouldthenbrightenupovertheweekend,withhighsof32degreesinsomeparts.

Withallthewildweatheroftheeastcoast,thewestcoastislookingcalm.ThoselivinginPerthwillenjoywarmweatherwithhighsof30degrees.Acalmwindmaybecomestrongertowardstheendoftheweek.AswegofurtherupthecoasttowardsGeraldton,weseerainshowerscominginfromtheocean,buttheseshoulddisappearbyThursday.二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EverySaturdaymorningPhoenixYoungwouldtakepianolessonswithafamilyfriendwhenhewasachild.“Atthattimewewould1aroundandtakeallmorningjusttohavealesson,”Phoenix2.“AndIlovedit.”ButwhenPhoenixwas12,histeacherproposedthatheneedbetter3.SohismothertookhimtoamusicschoolintheBronx,andsignedhimupforclasseswithateachernamedBadeSimon,experiencedbitknownforbeing4.Andshequicklyliveduptothat5.Phoenixfoundthestressfullifewas6likehislightheartedSaturdaymorningswithhisformerteacher,soitwasn’tlongbeforehe7thathewouldquit.Oneday,however,Bade8himandsaidsomethingsurprising:“Ihave9inyou.Keepgoing.Thenthereluctant(不情愿的)studentdidsomethingsurprising10:hesaid,“Okay.”“ItwasasifallIwantedwasjusta11fromherthatshecaredaboutme,”Phoenixsaid.Thatmoment12theirrelationship.Withinafewweeks,theywerehaving13duringlessons.Andwithinafewmonths,shewasteachinghimthingsaboutmusicthathe’dneverknownbefore.Itwasthebeginningofalongandfruitfulrelationship.“Iwentinto14andbecameapianoteacher,acareerIhavebeendoingfor50years,”Phoenixsaid.“AndI15italltothatpreciousmomentwithmyunsunghero,BadeSimon.”1．A．walk B．joke C．look D．stick2．A．announced B．sighed C．regretted D．recalled3．A．instruction B．behaviour C．recognition D．relationship4．A．sweet B．violent C．tough D．strange5．A．expectation B．standard C．quality D．reputation6．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything7．A．pretended B．admitted C．rejected D．decided8．A．attendedto B．turnedto C．liedto D．referredto9．A．courage B．faith C．doubt D．luck10．A．inreturn B．invain C．intime D．inpeace11．A．promise B．sign C．notice D．vision12．A．recovered B．transformed C．ruined D．clouded13．A．stress B．patience C．fun D．argument14．A．acting B．singing C．composition D．music15．A．leave B．lead C．owe D．add【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．C5．D6．C7．D8．B9．B10．A11．B12．B13．C14．D15．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Phoenix在一名叫做BadeSimon的老师那里学习钢琴，他由最开始的不情愿到后来功成名就后，Phoenix感激和BadeSimon度过的那段时光的故事。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，我们会开玩笑，花一上午的时间来上课。A.walk散步；B.joke玩笑；C.look看；D.stick陷住。根据下文“hislightheartedSaturdaymorningswithhisformerteacher”可知，Phoenix和之前的钢琴教师过得很轻松，推断出Phoenix和他之前的老师会在上课的时候开玩笑。故选择B项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Phoenix回忆道：“那时，我们会开玩笑，花一上午的时间来上课。”。A.announced宣布；B.sighed叹息；C.regretted后悔；D.recalled回忆起。根据上文“Atthattimewewould1aroundandtakeallmorningjusttohavealesson（那时，我们会开玩笑，花一上午的时间来上课。）”可知，这里说的是回忆过去的事情，故选择D项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当Phoenix12岁时，他的老师提出他需要更好的指导。A.instruction教授，指导；B.behavior行为；C.recognition识别；D.relationship关系。根据下文“SohismothertookhimtoamusicschoolintheBronx,andsignedhimupforclasseswithateachernamedBadeSimon（因此，他的母亲带他去了布朗克斯的一所音乐学校，并为他报名参加了一位名叫BadeSimon的老师的课程）”可知，这里说的是以前的老师认为他需要更好的指导，故选择A项。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，他的母亲带他去了布朗克斯的一所音乐学校，并为他报名参加了一位名叫BadeSimon的老师的课程，这位老师以严厉著称。A.sweet甜蜜的；B.violent暴力的；C.tough严厉的；D.strange陌生的。根据下文“thestressfullife（紧张的生活）”可知，BadeSimon老师的课程让Phoenix感觉到有压力，说明这位老师非常严厉。故选择C项。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很快证明不负盛名。A.expectation预料；B.standard标准；C.quality质量；D.reputation名声。根据前文“knownforbeing____4____（以严厉著称）”及后文“soitwasn’tlongbeforehe____7____thathewouldquit（所以没过多久，他就决定离开。）”可知，BadeSimon一直有严厉的名声，以至于Phoenix都决定想要离开，推断出她没有辜负她严厉的名声。故选择D项。6．考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：Phoenix发现紧张的生活一点也不像他周六早上和前老师一起轻松愉快，所以没过多久他就决定离开。A.something某事；B.everything每件事；C.nothing没有什么；D.anything任何事情。根据下文“hislightheartedSaturdaymorningswithhisformerteacher（他和以前的老师一起轻松愉快的周六早上）”可知，这里说的是一点也不像，故选择C项。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲尼克斯发现，紧张的生活一点也不像他周六早上和以前老师一起轻松愉快，所以没过多久，他就决定离开。A.pretended假装；B.admitted承认；C.rejected拒绝；D.decided决定。根据前文“Phoenixfoundthestressfullifewas____6____likehislightheartedSaturdaymorningswithhisformerteacher（Phoenix发现，紧张的生活一点也不像他周六早上和以前老师一起轻松愉快）”可推断出他在不久之后决定离开。故选择D项。8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，Bade转向他，说了一句令人惊讶的话：“我对你有信心。继续努力。”A.attendedto照顾；B.turnedto转向某人；C.liedto对……撒谎；D.referredto提到。根据后文“saidsomethingsurprising”可知，Bade转向和Phoenix说话。故选择B项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对你有信心。A.courage勇气；B.faith信心；C.doubt怀疑；D.luck好运。根据下文“Keepgoing.（继续努力。）”可知，这里说的是我对你有信心，故选择B项。10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：然后这个不情愿的学生做了一件令人惊讶的事作为回报：他说：“好吧。”A.inreturn作为交换；B.invain徒劳；C.intime及时；D.inpeace平静地。根据前文“Ihave____9____inyou.Keepgoing.（我对你有信心。继续努力。）”可知，由Bade夸奖了Phoenix，可以推断出这让Phoenix很感动，于是他做了一件令人惊讶的事作为回报。故选择A项。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就好像我想要的只是她关心我的一个信号。A.promise承诺；B.sign信号；C.notice通知；D.vision视野。根据下文“shecaredaboutme”可知，Bade是一位很严厉的老师，她能说出鼓励的话就已经算是关心Phoenix的一个信号了。故选择B项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一刻改变了他们的关系。A.recovered恢复；B.transformed

改变；C.ruined毁灭；D.clouded使模糊。根据后文“Itwasthebeginningofalongandfruitfulrelationship.（这是一段长期而富有成果的关系的开始。）”可知，两个人的关系由之前的严厉而有压力的关系转变为一段长期而富有成果的关系。故选择B项。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不到几个星期，他们就在上课时玩得很开心了。A.stress压力；B.patience耐心；C.fun乐趣；D.argument争论。根据下文“Itwasthebeginningofalongandfruitfulrelationship（这是一段长期而富有成果的关系的开始）”可知，由两个人相处变好了，可以推断出他们在上课时玩得开心。故选择C项。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Phoenix说：“我进入了音乐界，成为了一名钢琴老师，这一职业我已经做了50年。”。A.acting表演；B.singing唱歌；C.composition作曲；D.music音乐。根据后文“becameapianoteacher（成为了一名钢琴老师）”可知，这是和音乐相关的职业。故选择D项。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这一切都归功于与我的无名英雄BadeSimon在一起的那一刻。”A.leave离开；B.lead带领；C.owe把……归功于；D.add增加。根据后文“preciousmomentwithmyunsunghero,BadeSimon”可知，我把Bade认作无名英雄，说明我觉得我的成就要归功于和她在一起的那一刻。故选择C项。三、阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheNewYorkAquariumoffersdiverseseaanimalsandniceviewingexperienceforallourguests.Whetheryou’reobservingpenguinsorswimmingunderwatertolookatcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)underthewater,orcheeringCaliforniasealionsonatthetheater,you’llfindplentytoseeanddoduringyourvisit.Yourunderwateradventureiswaitingforyou!Thissummer,gotoConeyIslandtolearnabouttheunderwaterworldattheNewYorkAquarium.JustofftheConeyIslandinBrooklyn,theNewYorkAquariumfeaturesmorethan300marine(海生的)species,suchasdolphinsandseals.Meetsomeofourmammalsandfish,andlearnsomethingusefulaboutthem.SummerhoursMay28—Sept.510：00am—6：00pm，Monday—Friday10：00am—7：00pm，Weekends&HolidaysFallhoursSept.6—Nov.610：00am—5：00pm，Monday—Friday10：00am—5：30pm，Weekends&HolidaysWinterhoursNov.7—Mar.3110：00am—4：30pm，DailySpringhoursApr.1—May2710：00am—5：00pm，Monday—Friday10：00am—5：30pm，Weekends&HolidaysTotalExperienceTicketAdult$18.00Child(Aged3—12)$14.00Senior(65＋)$15.00Groups(atleasttenvisitors)$8.00*Includesadmissiontoour4­DTheaterPlusGeneralAdmission.*Childrenunder3arefree!*Toenjoythegrouprate,youmustmakeareservationatleasttwoweeksinadvanceofyourgroup’svisit.Pleasecall718­741­1818.ASpecialonFridayAfternoonAdmissiononFridaysbeginningat3:00pmisbydonation.Suggesteddonationis$13foradults,$9forchildren,and$10forseniors.Everydollaryougivesupportsourworkincaringforanimalsattheaquarium.AquariumParkingCar$13.00Bus$13.00Pleasenote：*Duetorisingcosts,theWildlifeConservationSociety(WCS)reservestherighttochangeallfeeswithoutnotice.*Allbuildingsandexhibitionsinthisaquariumareaccessiblebywheelchair.*Forfurtherinformation,pleasecall718­265­3454.16．Whichanimalcan’tbeprobablyseenbythevisitorsattheNewYorkAquarium?A．Penguins. B．Pandas. C．Dolphins. D．Seals.17．Sixadults(includingamanof68)andtwochildren(aged2and10)aregoingtovisittheNewYorkAquariumonSunday.Theywillhavetopay________.A．$144 B．$133 C．$119 D．$16018．Whatisthedonationusedfor?A．Tohelpthepeopleinneed. B．Tohelpthedisabledvisitors.C．Tocareforanimalsattheaquarium. D．Tohelptosavetheendangeredanimalsintheworld19．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．VisitorscanenjoyfreeparkingserviceonFriday.B．YoucanvisittheNewYorkAquariumat5:30pmonChristmas.C．AvisitorinawheelchaircangetaroundattheNewYorkAquarium.D．Toenjoythegrouprate,visitorsmustreservetwoweeksinadvance.【答案】16．B17．C18．C19．C【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文详细介绍了纽约水族馆所提供的各种服务、相关的信息以及收费情况。16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whetheryou’reobservingpenguinsorswimmingunderwatertolookatcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)underthewater,orcheeringCaliforniasealionsonatthetheater,you’llfindplentytoseeanddoduringyourvisit.(无论你是在观察企鹅，在水下游泳，看看水下的珊瑚礁，还是在剧院为加州海狮欢呼，你都会发现在你的参观途中有很多可看可做的)”以及第二段“JustofftheConeyIslandinBrooklyn,theNewYorkAquariumfeaturesmorethan300marine(海生的)species,suchasdolphinsandseals.(纽约水族馆位于布鲁克林的科尼岛附近，以海豚和海豹等300多种海洋物种为特色)”可知，B选项“熊猫”纽约水族馆的游客们可能看不到。故选B。17．细节理解题。根据TotalExperienceTicket部分中“Adult$18.00；Child(Aged3—12)$14.00；Senior(65＋)$15.00；*Childrenunder3arefree!(成人：18美元；儿童(3到12岁)：14美元；65岁以上老人：15美元；*3岁以下儿童免费！)”可知，周日，六名成年人（包括一名68岁的男子）和两名儿童（2岁和10岁）将参观纽约水族馆。他们将支付18*5+15+14=119美元。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据ASpecialonFridayAfternoon部分中“Everydollaryougivesupportsourworkincaringforanimalsattheaquarium.(你捐出的每一美元都将用于支持我们在水族馆照顾动物的工作)”可知，捐款的用途是照顾水族馆的动物。故选C。19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“*Allbuildingsandexhibitionsinthisaquariumareaccessiblebywheelchair.(*该水族馆内的所有建筑和展览都可乘坐轮椅进入)”可知，坐在轮椅上的游客可以在纽约水族馆游览。故选C。BIreadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait,ItiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofallTakefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatiencePerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.20．WhiledoingaWatched-PotWaitwetendto__________.A．keepourselvesbus B．getabsent-minded C．growanxious D．stayfocused21．WhatisthedifferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A．TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control. B．TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepassive.C．TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections. D．TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.22．WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?A．ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait. B．Itdoesn’talwaysbringthedesiredresult.C．ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait. D．Itdoesn’tgivepeoplefaithandhope.23．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting!A．Takeitseriously B．Don’trelyonothers C．Dosomethingelse D．Don’tloseheart【答案】20．B21．A22．B23．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了等待分为三种，我们不应该在等待时失去信心。20．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.”（在这个过程中，你什么也做不了，只能盯着水槽，直到它满了。在等待的过程中，大脑离开了身体，四处游荡，直到水溢出柜台的边缘，流到你的袜子上。）可知，当我们盯着水池看的时候，我们往往心不在焉。故选B。21．细节理解题。根据第三段“AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.”（与“守锅等待”类似的是“强制等待”。“强迫等待”需要一点自制力。）可知，强迫等待与守锅等待的区别是强迫等待需要一些自制力。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据文章“UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.”（不像强迫等待，它是自愿的，等待你的幸运突破并不一定意味着它会发生。）可知，幸运的等待并不总是带来预期的结果。故选B。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.”（我们确实花费了相当长时间等待。下次当你站在水槽旁煮面汤，期待着它被注满时，即使没有一大袋现金从天而降，也不要感到绝望。）可知，作者建议我们下次等待时不要失去信心。故选D。CThinkbacktoyourfirstmemory.Howoldwereyouatthetime?Chancesareyoucan’trememberanythingearlierthankindergartenorprimaryschool—nothingaboutyourfirstwords,steps,orsolidfoodotherthanwhatyourparentshavelatertoldyou.Thisphenomenoniscalled“infantileamnesia”,duetowhichthemajorityofadultsrarelyrememberthingsthathappentothembeforetheageofthree.Sowhyisitthatwecan’trememberbeingababy?Theanswerliesinthewaythatourbrain’sabilitytostorememorieschangesaswegrow.Atbirth,ababy’sbrainisonlyaquarterofitsadultsize,growingtothree-quartersthesizeofanadultbrainbyagetwo.Thisincreaseisassociatedwithagrowthinthenumberofbraincells—calledneurons(神经元)—andtheconnectionsbetweenthesecells.Apartofthebrainthatisparticularlyimportantinformingmemoriesisthehippocampus(海马体),saysDrDhanishaJhaveri,aresearcheratTheUniversityofQueensland.Thisregionstoresautobiographicalmemoriesfromspecificeventsinourlives.“Inthehippocampus,newneuronsareconstantlybeingcreated.Inadulthood,newcellsarestillbeingproduced,buttherateofproductioninthehippocampusslowsdown,”saysDrJhaveri.Neuroscientistsbelievethattherapidrateatwhichbraincellsarebeingproducedinchildhoodcouldbethecauseofinfantileamnesia.Becausesomanynewneuronsarebeingproducedandformconnectionswitheachotherinmemorycircuits,theymightdisrupt(扰乱)existingnetworksofmemoriesthathavealreadyformed.Despitethismemoryloss,childhoodexperienceshavebeenfoundtoinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater,whichsuggeststhattracesofthesememoriescouldbestoredsomewhereinthebrainthatisn’teasytoaccess.Inresearchinanimals,scientistshavefoundthatlatent(潜在的)tracesofearlyexperiencesremaininthebrainforalongtime,andcanlaterbetriggered(触发)byareminder.Ithighlightstheimportantinfluenceofearlylifeexperiencesonmentalandemotionalwell-beinglaterinlife.24．Whatisinfantileamnesia?A．Theinabilitytoformmemoriesduringadulthood. B．Theinabilitytorecallearlyexperiences.C．Theinfluenceonexistingmemorynetworks. D．Theinfluenceonmentalandemotionalwell-being.25．Whatdowelearnaboutthebrainaccordingtothepassage?A．Newneuronsdisruptexistingmemorycircuits. B．Thehippocampusplaysapassiveroleinone’smemory.C．Ababy’sbrainisthree-quartersthesizeofanadultbrain. D．Braincellsarebeingproducedmorerapidlyinadulthood.26．Whatdoestheresearchinanimalsshow?A．Memoriesarestoredseparatelyintheirbrain. B．Memoriesaremainlyformedwhentheyareyoung.C．Earlyexperienceshavealong-termimpactonlife. D．Earlyexperiencesareeasytobetriggeredbyareminder.27．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheFormationofEarlyChildhoodMemoriesB．TheImpactofInfantileAmnesiaonMemoryNetworksC．TheRoleoftheHippocampusinMemoryFormationD．TheInfluenceofEarlyLifeExperiencesonMentalWell-being【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．B【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是婴儿健忘症并分析了婴儿健忘症的原因以及婴儿健忘症对人体记忆网的影响。24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chancesareyoucan’trememberanythingearlierthankindergartenorprimaryschool—nothingaboutyourfirstwords,steps,orsolidfoodotherthanwhatyourparentshavelatertoldyou.Thisphenomenoniscalled“infantileamnesia”,duetowhichthemajorityofadultsrarelyrememberthingsthathappentothembeforetheageofthree.(你很可能记不起幼儿园或者小学前的任何事情了——你对第一个单词、走的第一步和吃的第一个固体食物一无所知。除了父母后来告诉你的那些东西。这种现象被称为“婴儿健忘症”，因此大多数成年人很少记得三岁前发生的在他们身上的事情。)”可知，“婴儿健忘症”指的是很少有人记得三岁前发生在他们身上的事情，故选B。25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Becausesomanynewneuronsarebeingproducedandformconnectionswitheachotherinmemorycircuits,theymightdisrupt(扰乱)existingnetworksofmemoriesthathavealreadyformed.(因为太多的新的神经元正在产生，并在记忆电路中相互连接，它们可能会扰乱已经形成的现有记忆网。)”可知，太多的神经元产生了，可能会扰乱现有的记忆网，故选A。26．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Inresearchinanimals,scientistshavefoundthatlatent(潜在的)tracesofearlyexperiencesremaininthebrainforalongtime,andcanlaterbetriggered(触发)byareminder.Ithighlightstheimportantinfluenceofearlylifeexperiencesonmentalandemotionalwell-beinglaterinlife.(在对动物的研究中，科学家们发现潜在的早期经历的痕迹会在大脑中保留很长一段时间，以后可能会被提醒出来。它强调了早期生活经历对以后生活的心理和情感健康的重要影响。)”可知，早期的经历会在大脑中保留很长的时间，对以后的心理和情感造成了一定的影响，故早期的经历对生活有着长远的影响，故选C。27．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chancesareyoucan’trememberanythingearlierthankindergartenorprimaryschool—nothingaboutyourfirstwords,steps,orsolidfoodotherthanwhatyourparentshavelatertoldyou.Thisphenomenoniscalled“infantileamnesia”,duetowhichthemajorityofadultsrarelyrememberthingsthathappentothembeforethe