北京市东城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 含解析

东城区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AsaveryimportantpartofMexico’secosystem,hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.That’swhere73-year-oldCatherinecomesin,who___1___mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.Catherine’sstoryasaself-taughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetonedaywhenshenoticeda(n)___2___hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.___3___itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend___4___hertolookafterit.“Thathummingbirdwrotemeanewlife,”Catherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult___5___inherlife.Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad___6___herlife.Anditwasonlythebeginning.Wordofhersuccess___7___amongCatherine’sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir___8___tobettertakecareofthem,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileherhomehasbecomeknownasahummingbird___9___.Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After____10____thebirdsbacktohealth,shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.1.A.gains B.spends C.misses D.wastes2.A.ugly B.scary C.dangerous D.desperate3.A.Surprisingly B.Fortunately C.Accidentally D.Secretly4.A.allowed B.commanded C.encouraged D.reminded5.A.task B.decision C.moment D.goal6.A.takenover B.reliedon C.turneddown D.gonethrough7.A.existed B.spread C.occurred D.changed8.A.values B.legends C.numbers D.habits9.A.shop B.park C.hospital D.museum10.A.nursing B.guiding C.moving D.feeding【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。73岁的Catherine从2011年开始自学照顾蜂鸟。一次她救了一只受伤的蜂鸟，这不仅帮助她走出丧夫和抗癌的悲痛，还激发了她照顾更多蜂鸟的热情。迄今为止，她已救助了数百只蜂鸟，并将康复的蜂鸟放生到墨西哥城南部的森林区。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，73岁的Catherine出现了，她把大部分空闲时间都用来照顾这些小鸟。A.gains获得；B.spends花费；C.misses错过；D.wastes浪费。根据后文“after11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她花费自己很多的闲暇时间照顾蜂鸟，且spendtimedoing是固定搭配。故选B项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，她走在街上，发现一只绝望的蜂鸟眼睛受了重伤。A.ugly丑陋的；B.scary吓人的；C.dangerous危险的；D.desperate绝望的。根据后文“hadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury”可知这里表示蜂鸟因受伤而感到绝望。故选D项。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这只蜂鸟被一位好心的妇女带回了家，但她对照顾鸟类一无所知。A.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B.Fortunately幸运地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Secretly秘密地。根据后文“itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman”可知被热心的女人带回家是幸运的。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：然而一个朋友鼓励她来照顾它。A.allowed允许；B.commanded命令；C.encouraged鼓励；D.reminded提醒。根据前文“butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.”以及转折词however可知，朋友鼓励她来照顾蜂鸟。故选C项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是她生命中非常艰难的时刻。A.task任务；B.decision决定；C.moment时刻；D.goal目标。根据后文“Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.”可知失去丈夫并且和癌症作斗争是很艰难的时刻。故选C项。【6题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：是蜂鸟把她从悲伤和孤独的生活中拉了出来。A.takenover接管；B.reliedon依赖；C.turneddown拒绝；D.gonethrough经历。根据前文“Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandloneliness”可知蜂鸟把她从悲伤和孤独的生活中拉了出来，改变了她的生活，进而引申为新生活接管了原来艰难的生活。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的成功在Catherine的朋友中传开了，不久，一些朋友开始把受伤和被遗弃的蜂鸟带给她。A.existed存在；B.spread传播；C.occurred发生；D.changed改变。根据后文“someofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds”可知一些朋友知道了她照顾蜂鸟的消息，可推知是这个消息在朋友中传开了。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她需要研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，以便更好地照顾它们。A.values价值；B.legends传说；C.numbers数量；D.habits习惯。根据后文“the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她成为了研究蜂鸟的专家，说明她对蜂鸟的习性很了解。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过11年的经验积累，这位73岁的老人被认为是蜂鸟专家，而她的家也成了著名的蜂鸟医院。A.shop商店；B.park公园；C.hospital医院；D.museum博物馆。根据后文“Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.”可知她在家里救治蜂鸟，而救治是医院的功能。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在将这些蜂鸟护理得恢复健康后，她将它们放飞到墨西哥城南边的一片树林中。A.nursing护理；B.guiding引导；C.moving移动；D.feeding喂养。根据前文“However,afriendhertolookafterit.”可知她照顾受伤的蜂鸟，护理至健康后放飞到树林中。故选A项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Starbrookhasbeenakeenswimmerforalmost80years,eversincehe____11____(leave)schoolattheendofWorldWarII.Asayoungman,heracedbutterflyatthenationalswimmingchampionships.Hedidn’twinanything,____12____hehadalotoffunandneverlosthisloveofthewater.Whenheturned80,hecelebratedbyswimmingamileorsoacrosstheGulfofCorryvreckan.Hestillswimsthreetimesaweek,whichis____13____keepshimhealthyandactive.【答案】11.left12.but13.what【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Starbrook游泳近80年，二战后开始。年轻时参加蝶泳比赛。80岁时横渡科里夫雷肯湾。现每周游三次，保持健康。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：自二战结束离开学校以来，斯塔布鲁克热衷游泳已有近80年的历史。主句时态是现在完成时，因此since引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时。故填left。【12题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然他没有赢得任何比赛，但他玩得很开心，而且从未失去对水的热爱。前句Hedidn’twinanything与后句hehadalotoffunandneverlosthisloveofthewater之间是转折关系，因此使用转折连词but连接两个句子。故填but。【13题详解】考查表语从句。句意：他仍然每周游泳三次，这使他保持健康和活力。从句位于be动词is后，这是一个表语从句，且从句中缺少主语。同时which引导非限定性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，句子作主语，因此使用what引导表语从句。故填what。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mostofusassumethatmorewatermeansa____14____(good)shower.Butthat’snottrue.Today’shigh-pressureshowerheads____15____(design)todeliverthesameexperiencethatoncerequiredthreetimesasmanygallonsperminute.Andbecausetheyprovideastrongstreamofwater,theymightalsoencourageyoutoturnoffthetapsooner,____16____(save)evenmorewater,arecentU.K.studysuggests.【答案】14.better15.aredesigned16.saving【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了高压淋浴头的作用。【14题详解】考查比较级。句意：我们大多数人认为更多的水意味着更好的淋浴。根据句中的“morewater”可知，这里表示比较，指的是更好的淋浴，应用good的比较级better。故填better。【15题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：今天的高压淋浴头被设计用来提供曾经每分钟需要三倍加仑水的相同体验。根据句中的Today可知，这里陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。主语high-pressureshowerheads和design之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语表示复数，be动词应用are。故填aredesigned。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国最近的一项研究表明，由于它们能提供强劲的水流，它们还可能鼓励你更快地关闭水龙头，从而节省更多的水。主句和从句的谓语完整，且空处和前面部分没有连词连接，空处应用非谓语动词。结合句意可知，这里表示更快关闭水龙头的结果是节省水，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填saving。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。IncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,____17____beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,thetrendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheck-insisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbecomingapopulareverydaychoice____18____(accept)byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacrossvariousaspectsoftheirlives.The____19____(combine)oftraditionalChineseelementswithmoderndesignisoftenreferredto____20____xinzhongshi,orthe“newChinesestyle”,whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothinproductsandactivities.【答案】17.where18.accepted19.combination20.as【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新中式在中国的流行。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在风景秀丽、文化底蕴深厚的苏州和杭州等城市，穿着汉服拍照和社交媒体打卡的趋势正在上升。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为cities，表示地点，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导。故填where。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新中式风格正成为年轻人接受的一种流行的日常选择，他们越来越多地在生活的各个方面采用这种风格。本句的谓语部分是isbecoming，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语apopulareverydaychoice和accept之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填accepted。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：中国传统元素与现代设计的结合通常被称为“新中式”（newChinesestyle），在产品和活动中都越来越受欢迎。空前有The，所以空处应用名词，在句中作主语。combination意为“结合”，为不可数名词。故填combination。【20题详解】考查介词。句意参考上题。referto...as...意为“将……称为……”，为固定搭配，此处为被动表达。故填as。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A5-DaySilkRoadTourfromChinatoCentralAsiaDay1Turpan,ChinaStartyourtripinTurpanbyvisitingtheKarezWellSystemanddiscovertheancientundergroundirrigationchannels,whicharestillmaintainedandfunctioningtoday.Fortherestoftheday,youwillvisitandstayatalocalfamily-runvineyard,whereyoucanwalkaroundthefarmandtalktothelocalpeopletolearnabouttheirdailylifestyle.Day2Urumqi,ChinaAfterbreakfast,youwillbedrivenfromTurpantoUrumqi,theprovincialcapitalofXinjiang.Afterlunch,it’stimetovisitXinjiangMuseum,whereavarietyofartworks,hand-madecrafts,andrelicsareondisplay.BeforeflyingtoKashgar,youwillhavesometimetostrollaroundandshopattheErdaoqiaoMarket,thebiggestbazaarinXinjiangsellingvariousgoods.Day3Kashgar,ChinaYouwillspendarelaxingdayinKashgar,startingwithvisitingtheHandicraftsStreet,whereyoucanpurchaseanamazingrangeofhandicrafts,includingcopper,metal,andporcelain.Then,haveabreakatanancientteahouseandjoininwiththelocalpeople’sconversationsanddancing.Lastly,haveagoodnightsleeptogetreadyfortheupcomingroadtriptoOsh.Day4Osh,KyrgyzstanOshisthesecond-largestcityinKyrgyzstan.Here,youwillvisittheNationalHistoricalandArchaeologicalMuseumComplexandenjoycollectionsofartifacts,handicrafts,andsculptures.Afterwards,youwillvisitJaymaBazaar,thelargestmarketinCentralAsia,whichhasahistorydatingbacktotheancientSilkRoadperiod.Ifyouareinterestedinsilk,youcanaskyourguidetotakeyoutoYodgorlikSilkFactory,whichhaspreservedamanualmethodofsilkproduction.Day5Ashgabat,TurkmenistanAfteracozymorningtrainride,youwillarriveinAshgabat,thecapitalofTurkmenistan.Let’sspendthedayvisitingtheParthianFortressesofNisa,oneoftheearliestandmostimportantcitiesoftheParthianEmpire.YouwillreturntothecityfordinnerandtakeanighttripattheAshgabatNationalMuseumofHistory.21.Onwhichdaycanatouristhaveatea-tastingexperience?A.Day1. B.Day2. C.Day3. D.Day4.22.WhatdoesthetourinUrumqiandOshhaveincommon?A.Stayingatalocalfarm. B.Shoppingatamarket.C.Visitinganancientcity. D.Dancingwithlocalpeople.23.Wherecanatouristvisitamuseumintheevening?A.Turpan. B.Kashgar. C.Osh. D.Ashgabat.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是中国至中亚丝绸之路五日游的行程安排。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Day3Kashgar,China部分中的“Then,haveabreakatanancientteahouseandjoininwiththelocalpeople’sconversationsanddancing.(然后，在一个古老的茶馆休息一下，加入当地人的谈话和跳舞。)”可知，第三天在喀什的时候，会在一家古老的茶馆休息，与当地人谈话跳舞，由此可知，第三天游客们可能有品茶体验。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Day2Urumqi,China部分中的“BeforeflyingtoKashgar,youwillhavesometimetostrollaroundandshopattheErdaoqiaoMarket,thebiggestbazaarinXinjiangsellingvariousgoods.(在飞往喀什之前，您将有时间在二道桥市场逛一逛，这里是新疆最大的集市，出售各种各样的商品。)”可知，在去喀什前可以去二道桥市场逛一逛，结合Day4Osh,Kyrgyzstan部分中的“Afterwards,youwillvisitJaymaBazaar,thelargestmarketinCentralAsia,whichhasahistorydatingbacktotheancientSilkRoadperiod.(之后，您将参观中亚最大的市场杰玛集市，其历史可以追溯到古丝绸之路时期。)”可知，在吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥什，你可以去中亚最大的市场杰玛集市参观，综合以上信息可知，这两天的旅行的共同之处在于可以在市场购物。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Day5Ashgabat,Turkmenistan部分中的“YouwillreturntothecityfordinnerandtakeanighttripattheAshgabatNationalMuseumofHistory.(您将返回市区享用晚餐，并在阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆过夜。)”可知，在土库曼斯坦的阿什哈巴德可以享用晚餐后，在阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆过夜，由此可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德国晚上参观博物馆。故选D项。BBythetimeAlexSanburnwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentcommissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhilewalkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex’sownworkwasonthewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.LeoSmith,a17-year-oldartistfromTorontosaysit’sabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe’redue,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.”24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition. B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub. D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itisopenonweekdays.C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents. D.Itholdscompetitionsregularly.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Loyalanddetermined.C.Modestandsympathetic. D.Honestandhard-working.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide. B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.Failurescandrivepositivechange. D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是13岁的小艺术家Alex申请参加在一个评审展览时因年龄小被拒绝，于是他创办了一个专门为未成年艺术家提供展示机会的画廊LittleEGG。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(然而，他更具体地希望开始在一个评审展览中展示他的作品，在那里，艺术专家将在一个竞争性的评审过程中评估和选择作品。就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多页申请的最后一行，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。)”可知，在他想在一个评审展览中展示他的作品时，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁；由此可知，在13岁时他遭到了一次评审展览的拒绝。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，LittleEGG画廊是一个专门为未成年艺术家开始的商业工作室，由此可知，LittleEGG画廊的目标是年轻的人才。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：‘艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。’)”可知，13岁的Alex再被拒绝后，他认为能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会是件很酷的事情，结合第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，他成立了一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合以上信息可知，Alex是一个有抱负和富有创新精神的人。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多页申请的最后一行，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。)”可知，Alex想在一个评审展览中展示他的作品时，他遭到了拒绝；根据第三段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：‘艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。’)”可知，这次拒绝成为了他创造的动力；根据第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，他成立了一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合以上信息可知，Alex在失败后而成立了专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室，所以，从该故事中可以学到的是失败可以带来积极的改变。故选C项。CInanewstudy,researchershaveunveiledinterestingfindingsthatlinktheconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydrates-suchassugarysnacksandhighlyprocessedfoods-withchangesinfacialattractiveness.Theyfoundthatindividualswhoconsumedahighglycemic(血糖的)loadbreakfastwereratedaslessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalowone.104participantswereaskedtoattendthestudyearlyinthemorningonanemptystomach.Uponarrival,theywereassignedtoconsumeoneoftwotypesofbreakfastshavingthesamecaloricvalues:onehighinrefinedcarbohydratesandtheotherlow.Abouttwohourslater,theywerephotographedunderstandardizedconditionstoensureconsistencyinlighting,background,andpositioning.Aseparategroupofraters,whowerecarefullyselectedtominimizeculturalbias(偏见),assessedthefacialphotographs,makingjudgmentsonoverallattractiveness.Toevaluatelong-termdietaryhabits,theparticipantscompleteddetaileddietaryquestionnairesconcerningtheirconsumptionduringbreakfast,afternoonsnacks,andbetween-mealsnacksonthedaybeforethestudy.Thisinformationwasusedtocalculatetheglycemicloadandenergyintakeforthesemeals,providingacomprehensivepictureoftheirusualrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoconsumedabreakfastrichinrefinedcarbohydrateswerelessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalow-glycemicbreakfast.Thiseffectwasobservedforbothmaleandfemaleparticipants.Theresearchersproposedthatthiscouldberelatedtothephysiologicaleffectsoflowbloodsugar,suchaschangesinskinbloodflowandcolour,whichoccurfollowingtheconsumptionofhigh-glycemicfoods.Whenexamininglong-termconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydratesthroughglycemicloadmeasures,theresearchersfoundthatahigherenergyintakeatbreakfastwasassociatedwithincreasedattractivenessforbothmenandwomen,suggestingthatfoodshighinfatsandproteins,whichdonotleadtorapidglycemicresponses,mightcontributepositivelytoperceivedattractiveness.However,theeffectsofrefinedcarbohydrateconsumptiononattractivenessvarieddependingonthespecificmealandthegenderoftheparticipants.Forexample,whilehighenergyintakeatbreakfastincreasedattractivenessacrossbothgenders,theglycemicloadofafternoonsnackshadoppositeeffectsformenandwomen.Menwithahigherglycemicloadduringtheirafternoonsnackwereperceivedasmoreattractive,butforwomen,alowerglycemicloadinthismealwasassociatedwithincreasedattractiveness.Whilethestudyincludessomelimitations,thefindingsserveasastrongreminderofthefar-reachingimpactofdietarychoices.Furtherresearchisneededtounderstandthebroadersocialimplicationsofdiet,whichcouldprovidevaluableinsightsintothecomplexinterplaybetweendiet,biology,andsocialbehaviour.28.WhatareParagraph2and3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchpurpose. B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchproposal. D.Theresearchbackground.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfindings?A.Sharpglycemicreactionsmightreduceattractiveness.B.Lowbloodsugarcouldimpactattractivenesspositively.C.Menwerelessaffectedbyrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.D.Highenergyintakeatmealshadinconsistenteffectsonwomen.30.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Toexplainafoodpreference. B.Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.C.Topresentadietaryphenomenon. D.Toexploreacomplexassociation.【答案】28.B29.A30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，摄入精制碳水化合物如甜食和高度加工食品会影响面部吸引力。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Uponarrival,theywereassignedtoconsumeoneoftwotypesofbreakfastshavingthesamecaloricvalues:onehighinrefinedcarbohydratesandtheotherlow.”（到达目的地后，他们被分配食用两种热量相同的早餐中的一种：一种是高精制碳水化合物早餐，另一种是低精制碳水化合物早餐。）以及第三段中“Toevaluatelong-termdietaryhabits,theparticipantscompleteddetaileddietaryquestionnairesconcerningtheirconsumptionduringbreakfast,afternoonsnacks,andbetween-mealsnacksonthedaybeforethestudy.”（为了评估长期饮食习惯，参与者填写了详细的饮食调查问卷，内容涉及研究前一天早餐、下午点心和两餐之间点心的食用情况。）可知第二段和第三段主要说的是研究方法。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“theresearchersfoundthatahigherenergyintakeatbreakfastwasassociatedwithincreasedattractivenessforbothmenandwomen,suggestingthatfoodshighinfatsandproteins,whichdonotleadtorapidglycemicresponses,mightcontributepositivelytoperceivedattractiveness(研究人员发现早餐时摄入更多的能量与男性和女性的吸引力增加有关，这表明富含脂肪和蛋白质的食物，不会导致快速的血糖反应，可能对感知吸引力有积极的贡献)”可知，富含脂肪和蛋白质的食物，不会导致快速的血糖反应，可能对感知吸引力有积极的贡献，由此推知剧烈的血糖反应可能会降低吸引力。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Inanewstudy,researchershaveunveiledinterestingfindingsthatlinktheconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydrates-suchassugarysnacksandhighlyprocessedfoods-withchangesinfacialattractiveness.

”（在一项新的研究中，研究人员公布了一项有趣的发现，即精制碳水化合物的摄入与面部吸引力的变化有关。）可知，这个研究的目的是为了探索精制碳水化合物的摄入与面部吸引力的变化之间复杂的关联。故选D项。DWhenclimateactivistsgluedthemselvestotheframeofacopyofTheLastSupperatLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArts,theyreceivedafairlysympathetichearing.“Nopaintingisworthmorethanmysix-month-oldnephew’slife,”saidaprotester,criticizingtheBritishgovernment’ssupportofthefossilfuelindustryduringtheurgentclimatecrisis.ButwhenprotestersthrewtomatosoupatVanGogh’sSunflowers,andmashedpotatoesatHaystacksbyMonet—thecensurerose.“Absolutelyabsurd,”saidthecultureministerofFrance.“Wehavebeendeeplyshakenbytheirriskyendangerment,”readastatementfromtheInternationalCouncilofMuseums.Theprotestersaretargetingworksthatareprotectedbehindglass—atleastfornow—soactualdamagehasbeenminimal.Andperhapstheangergreetingtheiractsprovestheirpoint:thatpeoplecaremoreaboutthethreateneddestructionofapaintingthantheactualdestructionoftheplanet.Butastheattackswearon,andtheirimpactdecreases,theyriskchangingintoajoke.What’sespeciallymisguidedabouttheprotestsistheirbinarynature.“Whatisworthmore,artorlife?”aprotesterasked.Whychoose?“It’spossibletoblamebothenvironmentalvandalism(蓄意破坏)andculturalvandalismatthesametime,”MarkPasnik,chairoftheBostonArtCommission,said.Artisnottheproblemhere.Infact,contemporaryartistsaremakingquiteeffectiveworksabouttheclimatecrisis,preciselyusingartasactivism.MayaLin’sGhostForest,aclimatechangememorialshecreatedinaNewYorkCitypark,isonlyoneexample.“Ibelievethatartcanhelpusimagineandmapsustainablefuturescenarios(设想),and,indoingso,givepeopleawaytoseeandhopeforadifferentfuture,”Linsaid.Theclimateactivistsaresurelycorrectthatthepaceofreformisfartooslow,astheplanetburnsanddeadlystormsintensify.Buttheycasuallydismissthesincereeffortsofmillionsofpeopleworkingontheissue.ItwouldbeeasiertorespecttheyoungprotestersatJustStopOil,LastGeneration,andtherestofthesplashgroupsiftheyweretospendtheirtimeandenergyontheunexcitingbutessentialpoliticalworkaroundclimatechange:legislation,regulation,andwinningheartsandminds.Perhapspredictably,thedebatescausedbytheprotestshavenotbeenaboutclimatechange,butabouttheproteststhemselves.Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“censure”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Approval. B.Criticism. C.Stress. D.Spirits.32.Whichideacanhelpexplainclimateactivists’action?A.Theendjustifiesthemeans.B.Artspeakswherewordsfail.C.Thefreedomofprotestshouldbeprotected.D.Artmattersinthefightagainstclimatecrisis.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thesolutiontoclimatecrisisliesincommunication.B.Galleriesshouldstrengthenregulationsliketheatres.C.Climateactivistsshoulddiversifytheirstrategies.D.Artattacksaremainlyaboutseekingattention.34.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.Alaunchacampaign B.assessadebate C.proposeasolution D.challengeapractice【答案】31.B32.A33.D34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了气候活动家通过攻击艺术品来抗议气候变化的行为，以及这种行为的效果和影响。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“ButwhenprotestersthrewtomatosoupatVanGogh’sSunflowers,andmashedpotatoesatHaystacksbyMonet—thecensurerose(但当抗议者向梵高的《向日葵》扔番茄汤，向莫奈的《干草堆》扔土豆泥时，censure高涨)”可知，当抗议者向名画投掷食物时，引起了人们的强烈反应，这里“censure”指的是对这种行为的批评和指责，故选B项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Andperhapstheangergreetingtheiractsprovestheirpoint:thatpeoplecaremoreaboutthethreateneddestructionofapaintingthantheactualdestructionoftheplanet.(也许人们对他们的行为感到愤怒，这证明了他们的观点：人们更关心画作受到威胁的破坏，而不是地球实际上的破坏)”可知，气候活动家的激进行为是为了证明他们的观点（即人们更关心艺术品的潜在破坏，而不是地球的实际破坏），这让普通群众对此感到愤怒，可得出气候活动家的行动表明了A项“为了正当目的可以不择手段”，故选A项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.(考虑到他们在引发严肃讨论或吸引人们关注这一事业方面所做的努力微乎其微，艺术攻击似乎更像是戏剧表演，而不是至关重要的违法行为)”可知，作者认为气候活动家的艺术攻击行为更像是为了吸引注意力，而不是为了真正解决气候危机，故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenclimateactivistsgluedthemselvestotheframeofacopyofTheLastSupperatLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArts,theyreceivedafairlysympathetichearing.“Nopaintingisworthmorethanmysix-month-oldnephew’slife,”saidaprotester,criticizingtheBritishgovernment’ssupportofthefossilfuelindustryduringtheurgentclimatecrisis.(当气候活动人士将自己粘在伦敦皇家艺术学院一幅《最后的晚餐》复制品的框架上时，他们得到了相当同情的回应。“没有任何画作比我六个月大的侄子的生命更重要，”一名抗议者在批评英国政府在紧迫的气候危机中支持化石燃料产业时说)”、第二段“Wehavebeendeeplyshakenbytheirriskyendangerment(我们被他们的危险行为深深震惊了)”、第五段“Infact,contemporaryartistsaremakingquiteeffectiveworksabouttheclimatecrisis,preciselyusingartasactivism.(其实当代艺术家们正在用艺术作为行动主义的方式，创作出关于气候危机的相当有效的作品)”以及最后一段“Givenhowlittlethey’vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.(考虑到他们在引发严肃讨论或吸引人们关注这一事业方面所做的努力微乎其微，艺术攻击似乎更像是戏剧表演，而不是至关重要的违法行为)”可知，本文讨论了气候活动家通过攻击艺术品来抗议气候变化的行为，以及这种行为的效果和影响，并对这种行为提出了质疑，认为他们应该采取更有效的方式来应对气候危机。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是质疑和挑战这种实践，故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Foodhasalwaysbeenauniversallanguagethatbringspeopletogether.Ithasthepowertobridgeculturalgapsandfosterunderstandingbetweennations.____35____Actually,culinarydiplomacyisnotanewconcept.Ithasbeenpracticedforcenturies,withancientcivilizationsusingfoodasameansofestablishingdiplomaticrelations.Today,ithasdevelopedintoamoreformalizedpractice,withgovernmentsrecognizingitspotentialtobuildbridgesandpromotepeace.____36____Foodisdeeplyrootedinculture,andbysharingtraditionaldishes,countriescanshowcasetheiruniqueheritageandtraditions.Throughfood,peoplecangainadeeperunderstandingofanat