BEC中级【口语听力阅读写作】中级作文分册(完整版)

BEC中级【口语听力阅读写作】中级作文分册（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）

作文部分BEC中级【口语听力阅读写作】中级作文分册（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）Time:45minutesPARTFunctions/CommunicativeTaskInputResponseRegister1e.g.givinginstructions,explainingadevelopment,askingforcomments,requestinginformation,agreeingtorequestsRubriconly(pluslayoutofoutputtexttype)Internalcommunication(mediummaybenoteormessageormemoore-mail)(40-50words)Neutral/informal2Correspondence:e.g.explaining,apologizing,reassuring,complainingReport:describingsummarizingProposal:describing,summarizing,recommending,persuadingOneormorepiecesofinputfrom:businesscorrespondence(mediummaybeletter,faxore-mail),internalcommunication(mediummaybenote,memoore-mail),notice,advert,graphs,charts,etc.(pluslayoutifoutputisfaxore-mail)Businesscorrespondence(mediummaybeletter,faxore-mail)orshortreportorproposal(mediummaybememoore-mail)(120-140words)Neutral/formalNotes:Notewritingisveryeasy.Justwriteasyouspeaktoanotherpersonfacetoface.Youwriteanotewhenyouwanttospeaktothepersonwhoisnowabsent.Youwriteitinaveryinformalstyle:thelanguageissimpleandeasy,andonlyafewsentencesareneeded.Writedownthedatefirst(sometimesyoucanevendropthisdownwhenitisnotimportant).Thenspellhisorhername,usuallythefirstname,sinceitisveryfriendlyandintimate.Nextbeginthemessageatanotherlineandfinishittotheend.Finallyendthenotewithyourname,alsofirstname.(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage78.)Messages:(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage14.)E-mails:(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage37.)Memos:Afewwordsshouldbesaidabouttheformatofmemos.Generallytheyhaveallthefeaturesoflettersinformat.Buttheyusuallyhavemoreformalitiesandfeaturesthatwillmakethemeasytoberecognizedandfiled.Thesefeaturesare:AtypedorprintedheadingDateFileorreferencenumbersReader’sfullnameWriter’sfullnameSubjectlineAdistributionlistYoumaynotneedtoincludealloftheseitemsineverymemo.Whatfeaturesshouldbeincludeddependonthememoyouarewriting.(Forfurtherreference,seeStudentBookPage109.)Reports:DirectionsareavailableinStudentBook.See82.Letters:DirectionsareavailableinStudentBook.See80.Appendix:BEC商务信件写作部分攻略以下是商业信函的写法：第一章格式问题1.格式问题：请同学们在BEC的写作中采用平头式的写法。收信人的姓名和地址置于信纸的左上方地址、称呼和结束礼词后没有标点符号日期在右上方段落从定格开始，段落之间的行距为两行（但在考试中由于受答题卡限制，请同学们酌情考虑）写信人的名字和头衔在签名下方2.称呼和结束礼词的注意事项：称呼的写法遵循下列原则：DearSirorMadam写信给某一公司，不确定具体的收信人DearSir对男士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名DearMadam对女士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名DearMrSmith对男士DearMsSmith对已婚或未婚的女士DearMrsSmith对已婚女士DearMissSmith对未婚女士DearJohn(此处John为英语中常用男名)对朋友或你比较熟悉的人（通常为多年生意伙伴）称呼与结束礼词存在对应的关系，请同学们特别注意：DearSirorMadamYoursfaithfullyDearMr/Ms/Mrs/MissSmithYourssincerelyDearJohnBestwishes以下均为错误用法：DearMrJohnDearMrJohnSmith3.日期：在英国英语中，天在前，但是在美国英语中，月份在前。所以某些特别的时期容易引起误解。例如：12062003在英国指的是：6月21日在美国指的是：12月6日因此日期要写成：12June2003注释：在BEC考试中同学们可以采用恩波所推荐的用法。但是12062003的用法仍然是可以使用的，因为BEC为英版考试。在使用恩波推荐的用法时，要记住月份使用大些字母开头。天后不必写th、rd、nd或者st。第二章写法问题预备参加bec考试的同学们由于缺乏商务写作的实际经验，对于写作部分都比较郁闷。恩波结合历年考试实际，为大家准备了15类共计50个经典的实战句型，供大家在考场上使用。我们对每一个句型都模拟了一种环境：1.信件的开头：Wearewritingtoenquireabout…Wearewritinginconnectionwith…Weareinterestedin…andwewouldliketoknow…环境：Youwanttoknowthepricesofsomeairconditioners.Weareinterestedinyourairconditionerandwewouldliketoknowthepricesofsomeairconditioners.Yousawanadvertisementinthenewspaperyesterdayandyouwantfurtherinformation.Wearewritinginconnectionwiththeadvertisementinthenewspaperyesterday.YouwanttoknowifthecompanyyouarewritingtoorganizesholidaystoAfrica.WearewritingtoinquireabouttheholidaystoAfricathatyourcompanyorganizes.2.回信的开头：Thankyouforyourletterof(date)Wehavereceivedyourletterof(date)askingif…enquiringabout…enclosing…concerning…环境：Acompanywrotetoyouon23July.Theywantedtoknowifyousellphotocopiers.Thankyouforyourletterof23July,askingifwesellphotocopiers.Amanwrotetoyouon18December.Hewantedemploymentwithyourcompany.Healsosenthiscurriculumvitae.Wehavereceivedyourletterof18December,enclosingyourcurriculumvitae.Acompanysentyouafaxon3June.TheywantedtoknowifyouweregoingtothemarketingconferenceinLondon.Thankyouforyourfaxof3June,askingifIwasgoingtothemarketingconferenceinLondon.Awomantelephonedyouthismorning.ShewantedtoknowifherorderNo.599hadarrived.ThankyouforyourtelephonecallthismorningconcerningtheorderNo.599.3.信件的结尾：一般结尾：Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourreply/order/products/ect.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.如果你在信件中提供了信息：Ihopethatthisinformationwillhelpyou.Pleasecontactmeifyouneedanyfurtherinformation.Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions.Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedanyfurtherinformation.4.引入主题：Withreferenceto…Furtherto…Withregardto…Iamwritinginconnectionwith…注：引入主题的句子可以被写在信件的开头，但withregardto不能用于信件的开头。环境：(Howwouldyoustartaletterabouteachofthefollowing?)aninvoice(No.679)foraphotocopierWithreferencetoInvoiceNo.679,weregrettotellyouthattheproductarrivedinbadcondition.ameetingyouhadwiththeaddresseeonJan.16thFurthertothemeetingon16January,IamdelightedtotellyouthatwearenowabletogiveyouaspecialofferforourPeachSeriescomputer.anadvertisementinthetimesnewspaperIamwritinginconnectionwiththeadvertisementinthetimesnewspaperyesterday.anapplicationforapostassecretaryinyourcompanyIamwritinginconnectionwithyourapplicationforapostassecretaryinourcompany.afaxorderforsixcomputersthatyoureceivedtodaywithreferencetoyourfaxorderforsixcomputer,Iregrettotellyouthattheyareoutofstockatpresent.5.告知好、坏消息：好消息：Iampleaseddelightedhappytotellinformadviseyouthat…坏消息：Iregretamsorrytotellinformadviseyouthat…Weregretthat…环境：（completethesesentencesusingphrasesforreferringandgivinggoodorbadnews.）a.___________________________yourorderforsomecupboards,_____________________wehavehadtoincreasetheprice.b.____________________________yourapplicationforapostassecretary,______________________________thatwewouldlikeyoutostartworkassoonaspossible.c._________________________________yourapplicationforapostassecretary,______________________________thatyouwerenotsuccessful.d._________________________________ourtelephoneconversationthismorning,______________________________thatyourcarisnowreadyforyoutocollect.6.说明你所能做的和不能做的：Weareunableto…Weareableto…Wehavebeenforcedto…环境：Youcannotloweryourprices.Weregretthatweareunabletoreduceoutprices.Youhavehadtoraiseyourpricesbecausethegovernmenthasincreasedthesalestax.Wehavebeenforcedtoraiseourpricesbecausethegovernmenthasincreasedthesalestax.However,youcangivethemadiscountof5%iftheirorderisformorethan$8,000.Weareabletogiveyouadiscountof5%ifyourorderismorethan$8,000.Withregardtotheirsecondquestion,youcannotacceptpaymentinEgyptianpoundsbutyoucanacceptUSdollarsorEuros.WearesorrythatweareunabletoacceptpaymentsinEgyptianpoundsbutweareabletoacceptUSdollarsorEuros.7.说明原因：Thisisowingto…dueto…aresultof…becauseof…注：owingto通常用于不好的消息。如果想在原因中使用动词，请加上thefactthat的从句。环境：increasepricesfallofthedollarWehavebeenforcetoincreaseourprices.Thisisowingtothefallofthedollar.DelaythedeliveryofthegoodsstrikebyairlinepilotsWehavebeenforcedtodelaythedeliveryofthegoods.Thisisowingtothestrikebyairlinepilots.Increaseallsalariesby10%riseinsalesWeareabletoincreaseallsalariesby10%.Thisistheresultofabigriseinsales.Cutallsalariesby10%fallinsalesWehavebeenforcedtocutallsalariesby10%.Thisisduetothefactthattherehasbeenafallinsalesinthepasttenmonths.CannotdeliveryourneworderwehavenotreceivedyourpaymentfrothelastorderWeregretthatweareunabletodeliveryourneworderimmediately.Thisisowingtothefactthatwehavenotreceivedyourpaymentforthelastorder.CancelthemeetingalotofstaffhavebeenillWehavebeenforcedtocancelthemeeting.Thisisbecausesomemembersofourstaffhavebeenill.8.请求采取行动：Pleasecouldyou…Wewouldbegratefulifyoucould…Wewouldbeappreciateitifyoucould…assoonaspossible.withoutdelay.immediately.注：pleasecouldyou…是最直接的方式。在要求一些一般性的事情时，可以使用这种表达。环境：Youhaveseenanadvertisementinthenewspaperforapostasofficemanger.Youwantanapplicationform.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsendmeanapplicationform.Thephotocopierinyourofficehasbrokendown.Youwanttohaveitrepaired,quickly.Wewouldbegratefulifyoucouldsendarepairmantofixourphotocopierassoonaspossible.Youhavemovedyourofficeandyouwantthepostofficetoforwardyourletterstoyournewaddress.Pleasecouldyouforwardmyletterstomynewaddress.Youwantthetelephonecompanytoputanothertelephoneinyouroffice.Youneediturgently.Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldputanothertelephoneinourofficeimmediately.Youhavewrittentoacompanyandyouwantthemtoreplyquickly.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgiveusareplyquickly.9.抱歉：Wemustapologizefor…Weapologizefor…Weareextremelysorryfor…注：以上句型后请使用动词ing形式。以上句型中的for可以换成that，然后用从句表达。一般来说，解释产生问题的原因，然后在信的结尾处再次表达歉意。再次抱歉：Pleaseacceptourapologiesonceagain.Wehopethatthishasnotcausedyouanyinconvenience.Withapologiesonceagain.10.要求提供信息：PleasecouldyouWewouldbegratefulifyoucouldWewouldappreciateitifyoucouldgiveusfurtherdetailsabout..informus(about/if)…letusknow(about/if)…Wewouldliketoknow(about/if)…注：如果需要特别重要的信息，可以在以上句型前使用：inparticular。环境：Youwrotealettertosomeoneandtheyhaven’treplied.Youwanttoknowiftheyreceivedtheletter.Wewouldbegratefulifyoucouldletusknowiftheletterhasreachedyou.Abusinessmanisgoingtoyourcountry.Hewantsyoutogetavisaforhim.Youneedallthedetailsabouthispassport(hisnationality,dateofbirth,wherehispassportwasissued,andwhenitexpires).Pleasecouldyougivedetailsaboutyourpassport.Iwouldliketoknowyournationality,dateofbirth,whereyourpassportwasissuedandwhenitexpires.Youwanttoknowaboutthesamebusinessman’sflight(flightnumber,dateandtimeofarrival).Inparticular,Iwouldliketoknowyourflightnumber,dateandtimeofarrival.11.轻度抱怨：Unfortunately,+表示somethingiswrong的句子环境：Acompanyhassentyouabillforthewronggoods.Unfortunatelyyousentusabillforthewronggoods.Pleasecouldyousendusacorrectbillassoonaspossible.Yournewphotocopierhasbrokendown.Youhavetowritetothecompanywhosoldittoyou.Unfortunatelyournewphotocopierhasbrokendown.Pleasecouldyousendarepairmantofixitforusassoonaspossible.TwotemporarysecretariesdonotspeakEnglish.Youhavetowritetotheagencywhosentthemtoyou.UnfortunatelytwotemporarysecretariesyourecommendedtousdonotspeakEnglish.WewouldbegratefulifyoucouldrecommendtwomorewhocouldspeakEnglish.Youkeepreceivinglettersforsomeoneelse.Youhavetowritetothepostoffice.UnfortunatelyIkeepreceivinglettersforsomeoneelse.Pleasecouldyoumaketheaddressclearbeforeyoudeliverletterseveryday.12.提醒某人对某事的注意：Ishouldliketodrawyourattentionto(thefactthat)…Ishouldliketopointoutthat…如果你提醒的事情对方已经知道（你想表达你的生气）：Ishouldliketoremindyouthat…Ihopethatitisnotnecessarytoremindyouthat…环境：Oneofyourstaffkeepsparkinghiscarinfrontofthemaindoor,thespacewhichisreservedfortheMD.IshouldliketoremindyouthatthespaceinfrontofthemaindoorisreservedfortheMD.Someoneisinterestedinpurchasingalargequantityofyoursimplexcameras.Tellhimabout25%discountforlargeorders.Ishouldliketdrawyourattentiontothefactthatweofferabout25%discountforlargerorders.Oneofyourstaffarriveshalfanhourlateforworkeveryday.(Sheshouldstartat9.30.)Ihopethatitisnotnecessarytoremindyouthatworkstartat9:30everyday.Someoneisinterestedinyourproducts.Tellhimthatyouguaranteethatyourpricesarethelargestinthecountry.Ishouldliketopointoutthatweguaranteethatallpricesarethelowestinthecountry.13.要求某人采取行动：Wemustinsistthat…DO…（DO指动词原型）注：请注意这一句型和句型8的区别。环境：Wemustinsistthatyoudeliverthegoodsimmediately.14.警告：Unless…If…(not)…Wewillbeforcedto…环境：(Whatwarningswouldyougivethesepeople?)AcompanythathasnotpaidyourbillUnlessyoupaythebill,wewillbeforcedtotakelegalactions.Anothercompanythatisusingyourcompany’scarparkIfyoudonotmoveyourcarawayfromourpark,wewillbeforcedtoturntothepolice.AnemployeewhoalwaysarriveslateforworkUnlessyoucometoworkontime,wewillbeforcedtofireyou.AbuilderwhohasleftalotoftheirtoolsinyourofficeIfyoudonottakeyourtoolsfromouroffice,wewillbeforcedtothrowthemaway.15.强烈抱怨：注：强烈抱怨遵循以下步骤：a.阐述发生的问题：itisnowoverninemonthssinceweplacedthisorderandwearestillwaitingforthecabinets.b.使用句型12：Ishouldliketopointoutthatwehavealreadypaidforthesecabinets.c.使用句型13：wemustinsistthatyoudeliverthemimmediately.d.使用句型14：unlesswehearfromyouwithin7dayswewilltakelegalaction.第三章检查（包括图表写作和report）检查的四个主要方面：1.标点符号：完全禁用的符号：：“”《》。2.拼写：双写辅音y改成复数3.语法：主谓一致冠词次序介词时态漏词4.可能导致信息表达不清的因素：太长的段落太长的句子运用不常使用的词汇一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息顺序混乱AppendixTwo:对于线性图表的描述上升1.对于上升趋势的描述：a.可以使用的动词或动词词组：toincreasetogouptorisetogrowtojumptoleaptosoartoshoottopickupb.可以使用的名词：anincreaseagrowthajumpasoaranupwardtrend2.对于上升到某个位置的描述：a.1.a.中的动词＋to＋具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词＋to＋thepeakof＋具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词＋reachingthepeakof+具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词＋reaching+具体数据。e.topeakat＋具体数据f.toclimbto+具体数据3.对于上升的程度的描述：a.1.a.中的动词＋by＋具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词＋副词。下降1.对于下降趋势的描述：a.可以使用的动词或动词词组：tofalltodecreasetogodowntoslidetocollapsetodeclinetodropb.可以使用的名词：acollapseadecreaseafalladeclineadrop2.对于下降到某个位置的描述：a.1.a.中的动词＋to＋具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词＋to＋thebottomof＋具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词＋reachingthebottomof+具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词＋reaching+具体数据。3.对于下降程度的描述：a.1.a.中的动词＋by＋具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词＋副词。对于平稳的趋势的描述：可以使用的动词或动词词组：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytolevelofftoremainconstanttostaythesame表示程度的副词：1.程度较大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2.程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infrom……to……between…….and……during……and……atthestartof……bytheendof……over……attheendof……throughout……时间’s+具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：1.先上升后下降的句型：increasedslowlyduring……and……butfellsharplyin…….Asteadyfallin……during……and……followedthesharpincreasein…….2.先下降后上升的句型：……fellbefore……begantomakearecovery…………continuetherecovery,climbingto…………droppedduring……butincreasedagainin…………fellandthenpickupduring…………collapsedbeforerisingto……attheendof……3.起伏波动的句型：……fluctuatedsharplyallthrough……4.波动不大的句型：……hardlychangedthroughtheperiodbetween……and……柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：……%the……is/has/have/are…………accountsfor……%ofthetotal……takesup……%inthewholechart趋势的比较1.表示相似的句型(实例)：BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.LikeX,YfellinJune.XrosejustassharplyasY.2.表示差异的句型（实例）：Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.XfellquicklycomparedtoY.UnlikeY,Xroseby10%.XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.3.表示倍数的句型：the……doubled/tripledin……comparedwiththosein……4.客观比较的句型：……is……incontrastto……数据的修饰1.表示不足的词或词组：uptobelowunderalmostnearly2.表示超过的词或词组：overmorethanjustover3.表示大约的词：aboutAppendixThree:ExerciseOnePartOneQuestions44YouaretheManagerofasmallprintingcompany.Anewemployee,MarkMcCabe,isjoiningyourcompanyon10thMay.Writeashortmemotoyourofficeadministrator:Sayingwhoisstartingworkandwhen;TellinghimwhatMarkMcCabe’sjobwillbe;SuggestingwhereMarkMcCabe’sdeskshouldbeput;Write30-40wordsonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45Youweresentonaresidentialtrainingcourseforfivedays.Unfortunatelythecoursewasverybadlyrunandtherewerealotofproblemswithit.Theadvertbelowshowsthedetailsofthecourse,togetherwithyourcomments.Writeareportforyourmanageronthecourse(100-120words).Describetheproblemswiththecourseandsuggestwhatyourcompanyshoulddo.Writeonyouranswersheet.ImproveyourcomputingskillsJoinour5-daycourseLTEBusinessComputingCoursesFortheyoungprofessionalOur5-daycourseshavebeendevelopedoverthelastthreeyearsandhavebeendesignedspeciallyforalllevelsofofficepersonnel.Weprovide:Highlyexperiencedandqualifiedtrainers(onlyoneteacher–thiswashisfirstcourse)Themostup-to-datesoftwarerunningonthelatesthi-techpersonalcomputersGroupsofnomorethansixstudents(ninestudents–someofushadtosharecomputerterminals)Opportunitiesforindividualinstructioneveryevening(theonearoundintheevening)ComfortableteachingroomsinamodernhotelBytheendofthecourseyouwillbeanexpertinusingawordprocessor,aspreadsheet,adatabase,andelectronicmail.(onlydidword–processing)PhoneJaneon1222323formoredetails.(¬enoughfood!)ExerciseTwoPartOneQuestion44YourcompanyhasjustopenedanewofficeintheUnitedStates.Youhaveagreedtogoandworkthereforsixmonths.Writeamemoof30-40wordstoallyourcolleagues:Explainingwhyyouwillbeabsent;Sayingwhenyouareleavingtheoffice;Expressingyourwishtokeepintouch;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45YouworkforRCT,acompanywhichsellsbusinessstationery.RCTisinterestedinbecominganagentforNovestat,acompanywhichmanufacturespaperproducts.ReadNovestat’sadvertisementbelow,onwhichyouhavemadesomenotes.Then,usingallyournotes,writealettertoJamesDowlingatNovestat.Donotincludepostaladdresses.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.NovestatAgentsrequiredForanewpaperproductNovestat,aleadingmanufacturerofbusinessstationery,isdelightedtoannounceitsexcitingnewrangeofdesignerpaperproducts.Thisrangeallowscustomerstocreatetheirownbusinessstationerytothehighestprofessionalstandards,usingtheirowncomputerprinters.Wearelookingforcompaniesworld-widetodistributetheNOVESTATDESIGNERPAPERrange.Ifyourcompanyhas:Minimum5year’srelevantexperience;(10years;saywhatRCTdoes)Dynamic,motivatedsalesforce;(nationalsalesawardlastyear)Excellentdistributionnetwork;(tellthemaboutourretailoutlets)Thenpleasewriteto:JamesDowling,Novestat,Unit3,BasingEstate,Hampton,Middlesex,TW135SA,U.K.(arrangeameetingwiththemnextmonth?)ExerciseThreePartOneQuestion44Youarethetrainingmanagerofacompanywhichhaswonalargeexportorder.Youhavebeenaskedtoorganizeforeignlanguagetrainingforsomeofyourstaff.Writeamemoof30-40wordstostaff:Explainingwhythecoursesarenecessary;Sayingwhichmembersofstaffshouldattend;Announcingwhenthecourseswillstart;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45Yourcompanyexportstoanumberofcountriesaroundtheworld.Thecompanyislookingfornewagentsforinternationalfreight.Readthetwoadvertisementsbelow,onwhichyouhavemadesomenotes.Thenusingthenotes,writeashortreportfortheExportSalesManager,coveringallyourpointsandsayingwhichagentyourecommend.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.Globelink25years’experienceinseafreightworldwidedestinationsairfreightalsoavailable(mayneedforurgentorders)alldocumentationprovided(theycompleteallcustomsforms–FTDdon’t)competitiverates–quotesavailableonrequesttel.0208344879FTDShippingAgentsFreightagentstomanymajorports(mainlyinEurope)RefrigeratedshippingContainersavailableNoquantitytoosmall(couldbeusefulforsmallorders)ContactMartinTayloron0207234576forfurtherinformationanddetailsofcharges(abithigherthanGlobelink)ExerciseFourPartOneQuestion44YouareHeadofResearchforaninternationalcarmanufacturer.YouhavetomakeanurgenttriptomorrowtovisitPierreBlanco,acolleaguewhoworksforasubsidiary.Writeamemoof30-40wordstoyoursecretary.Tellingherwhoyouaregoingtoseeandwhen;Askinghertobookflightticketsandaccommodation;Tellingherwhatworkyouwouldlikehertodoinyourabsence;Writeonyouranswersheet.PartTwoQuestion45YouarethemanagerofaTVandradiorepairworkshop.Oneofyouremployeeshasreceivedtheletterbelowaboutafaultycassetteplayerwhichheinspected.Hehaswrittenhiscommentsonthecustomer’sletterandaskedyoutowriteareply.Writealetterof100-120wordstothecustomer,usingtheemployee’scommentsandexplainingwhyyourcompanycannotrepairthecassetteplayer.Donotincludeaddresses.Writeonyouranswersheet.MrD.MasonRadioWorld6AdelaideParkLondonw6DearMrMasonRe:repairofTashitaCassettePlayerYoureturnedourcassetteplayertouson5thSeptember,afterhavingitinyourshopforoveramonth,(sorry!Technicianoffsick)sayingthatyoucouldnotrepairthefollowingfaults:1.aproblemwiththevolumecontrol(needsreplacing;partnotavailable)2.difficultyoperatingtheon/offswitch.(possibletoreplacebutveryexpensive)Iwasverysurprisedtohearthis,becausetheequipmentisnotallthatold.(manufacturedin1985)ThereforeIwouldbegratefulifyoucouldexplaininwritingwhytheequipmentis,inyouropinion,beyondrepair,sothatIcandiscussthismatterwiththemanufacturers.(outofbusinesssince1990)Yourssincerely,PaulJohnsonExerciseFivePartOneQuestion44Youareamanagerinacompanywhichmanufacturesofficefurniture.NextmonthyouaregoingtoLondontodiscussanimportantcontract.Writeanoteof30-40wordstoyourassistant:1.sayingwhenyouwanttoleaveandreturn2.askinghimtobookflights3.tellinghimwhichhoteltobookPartTwoQuestion45Yourecentlyattendedaone-daytrainingcourseonhealthandsafety.Youweredisappointedwiththecourse.Readtheadvertisementbelow,whichgivesthedetailsofthecourse.Youhavewrittensomenotesontheadvertisement.Thenusingyourhandwrittennotes,writealettertothecompany,complainingaboutthecourse.Donotincludepostaladdress.Write100-120words.Writeonyouranswersheet.GBGCertificationServicesGoodforbusiness,goodforyou.Regardlessofwhetheryouareinamanufacturingorserviceindustry,youarerequiredbylawtooperateyourbusinessinamannerwhichissafeandhealthyforyourworkforce.Ourcourseswillhelpyouprovideasafeandlegallysoundworkingenvironmentforyourstaff.Ourone-daycoursesinclude:Experiencedandhighly-qualifiedtrainers(trainerwassickreplacementpoor)High-qualityinformationpacks(pileofloosephotocopies)Smallgroups(maximum8people)(nottrue)Priceincludeslunchandrefreshments(explainwhatwaswrongwithlunch)Allone-daycoursesrunMonday–Fridayfrom9:30–17:00(startedlate)Formoreinformationcontact:MoiraGeddingsGBGHouseSummerfieldRoadOxfordOX84DN2021年中级经济师经济基础真题及答案解析一、单项选择题(共70题，每题1分，每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)1.某月内，甲商品的替代品和互补品的价格同时上升，引起的甲商品的需求变动量分别为50单位和80单位，则在这类商品价格变动的共同作用下，该月甲商品的需求量变动情况是()A.增加30单位B.减少30单位C.增加130单位D.减少130单位参考答案：B【答案解析】某商品价格与其替代品需求量同向，与其互补品需求量相反。替代品价格上升，导致本商品需求量上升50个单位，互补品价格上升导致本商品需求量量下降80个单位，总共影响是甲商品需求量下降30个单位。本题实质考核替代品、互补品对商品需求量的影响。【试题点评】本题考核替代品、互补品的相关知识。教材第8页对需求交叉价格弹性的介绍中，对替代品和互补品的价格、需求变动做了理论阐述。本题只是把这种理论阐述变成了具体的例子。2.政府为了保护农业生产者，对部分农业产品规定了保护价格。为了采取这种价格政策，应采取相应的措施是()A.取消农业税B.对城镇居民实行粮食配给制C.当市场上出现农产品过剩的进行收购D.扩大农民家电消费参考答案：C【答案解析】保护价格高于均衡价格，会刺激生产，限制消费，导致市场过剩，当市场出现过剩时，政府应及时入市收购并予以储备，否则保护价格必然流于形式。【试题点评】本题考核保护价格的相关知识。教材第5页有相关规定，只是出题角度较灵活。

3.任意两两条无差异曲线不能相交，这是根据偏好的()假定来判定的。A.完备性B.可传递性C.多比少好D.可加总性参考答案：B【答案解析】可传递性是指假定有ABC三种组合，如果消费者对A的偏好大于B，对B的偏好大于C，那么对A的偏好必定大于C，如果两条无差异曲线相交，则如下图所示：A、B均位于I2，AB偏好相同;AC位于I1，AC偏好相同，根据偏好的可传递性，B与C的偏好相同，但这是不可能的，因为B比C具有更多的X2，根据多多益善假定，B必定比C更受偏好，因此无差异曲线不能相交。【试题点评】本题考核无差异曲线的特征及偏好的基本假定。教材14页倒数第三行有原话。4.消费者效用最大化的均衡条件是()A.商品边际替代率等于商品价格之比B.商品边际替代率大于商品价格之比C.商品边际替代率小于商品价格与收入之比D.商品边际替代率等于商品价格与收入之比参考答案：A【答案解析】消费者效用最大化的均衡条件，其含义是：在一定的预算约束下，为了实现效用最大化，消费者应选择商品的最优组合，使得两种商品边际替代率等于两种商品的价格比。【试题点评】本题考核教材中的原话。只要记住就能选对。参见教材第18页。5.在其他条件不变的情况下，如果连续增加劳动的投入，在总产量达到最大值时，劳动的边际产量()A.大于零B.小于零C.等于零D.等于平均产量参考答案：C【答案解析】当边际产量等于0时，总产量达到最大值。【试题点评】本题考查总产量曲线的形状。教材第25页有原话。可以结合图1—16进行记忆。6.自然垄断指的是()的情况。A.一个企业能以低于两个或更多企业的成本为整个市场供给一种产品B.企业垄断某种自然资源C.政府对重要自然资产实行完全垄断D.两家企业共同控制一个市场参考答案：A【答案解析】当行业中只有一家企业能够有效率地进行生产，或者当一个企业能以低于一个两个或更多企业的成本为整个市场供给一个种产品时，这个行业就是自然垄断。【试题点评】本题考核自然垄断的定义。参见教材第33页。7.实施价格歧视的基本条件不包括()A.卖方具有垄断地位B.企业生产有商品或服务具有耐用品性质C.消费者之间存在不同的需求价格弹性D.不同消费者所在的市场能被隔离开参考答案：B【答案解析】第一，必须有可能根据不同价格弹性划分出两组或两组以上的不同购买者;第二，市场必须是能够有效地隔离开，同一产品不能在不同市场之间流动，即不能使购买者在低价市场上买到产品再卖到高价市场上去。如果这两个条件能够满足，那么，企业就可以通过对缺乏弹性的市场规定较高的价格，而对富有弹性的市场规定较低的价格，以增加总收益。【试题点评】教材中有原话。参见教材第38页。8.资源配置达到帕累托最优状态的标准是()A.还存在怕累托改进的资源配置状态B.收入在不同居民之间分配公平C.可能由重新组合生产和分配使一个人或多个人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利减少D.不可能由重新组合生产和分配来使一个人或多个人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利减少参考答案：D【答案解析】资源实现最优配置的标准是，当一种资源的任何重新分配，已经不可能使任何一个人的境况变好，而不使一个人的境况变坏。换言之，社会已达到这样的一种状态，如果资源在某种配置下，不可能由重新组合生产和分配来使一个人或多个人的福利增加，而不使其他任何人的福利减少，那么社会就实现了资源的最优配置。【试题点评】本题考查资源实现最优配置状态的标准。参见教材第40页。9.科斯定理的含义是()A.只要财产权是明确的，那么无论在开始时将财产权赋予谁，市场均衡的最终结果都是有效率的，就可以实现资源配置的怕累托最优B.只要财产权是明确的，并且交易成本为零或者最小，那么无论开始时将财产权赋予谁，市场均衡的最终结果都是有效的，就可以实现资源的怕累托最优C.只要交易成本为零或者很小，市场均衡的最终结果都是有效的，就可以实现资源的怕累托最优D.无论财产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零或者很小，就可以实现资源配置的怕累托最优参考答案：B【答案解析】科斯定理：只要财产权是明确的，并且交易成本是零或者很小，那么无论开始时将财产权赋予谁，市场均衡的最终结果都是有效的，实现资源配置的怕累托最优。【试题点评】教材有原话。参见教材45页。

10.在买卖双方存在信息不对称的情况下，质量的商品往往将质量好的商品驱逐出市场，这种现象称为()A.道德风险B.正向选择C.逆向选择D.外部不经济参考答案：C【答案解析】(1)逆向选择是买卖双方在不对称信息的情况下，出现质量差的商品往往将质量好看商品驱除市场的现象。(2)道德风险，是指交易双方协议达成后，协议的一方利用信息的不对称，对过改变自己的行为，来损害对方的利益，如交完汽车保险后不认真开车，交完财产保险后不注意防盗。【试题点评】本题考查逆向选择的定义。参见教材44页。11.下列失业类型中，属于自愿失业的是()A.需求不足性失业B.摩擦性失业C.隐性失业D.周期性失业参考答案：B【答案解析】自愿失业包括摩擦性失业和结构性失业。【试题点评】本题考查自愿失业的类型。参见教材第61页。12.如果用I表示投资、S表示储蓄、T表示税收、G表示政府购买，X表示出口、M表示进口，则四部门经济中储蓄和投资的恒等关系是()A.I=S+(T-G)+(M-X)B.I=S+T-G+MC.I=S+(T-G)D.I=S+(M-X)参考答案：A【答案解析】四部门经济中储蓄和投资的恒等关系I=S+(T-G)+(M-X)【试题点评】本题考查储蓄—投资恒等式。参见教材第49页。13.假定边际消费货币β是0.75，则投资乘数k应为()A.1B.2C.3参考答案：D【答案解析】投资乘数:k=1/(1-β)=1/(1-0.75)=4【试题点