关系代词引导的定语从句总结

指人，在从句中做主语（1）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（2）YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（1）Mr.Liuistheperson（whom）youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。（2）Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（which在句子中做主语）Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（which在句子中做宾语）指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。（1）Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.（在句子中做主语）（2）Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?（在句子中做宾语）通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语（1）hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.（2）Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替（3）theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（4）theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（5）doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?（6）doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?二、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导（1）theschool（that/which）heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.（2）theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.（3）tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine（that/which）youaskedfor.（4）tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.（5）we'llgotohearthefamoussinger（whom/that/who）wehaveoftentalkedabout.（6）we'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等（1）thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.（turth）thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.（false）.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.（t）themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.（f）theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.（t）theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.（f）.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp.thatwhofromwhomtowhom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"turntosb.forhelp（向某人求助）"。定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析：Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.（Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）注：A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。.先行词为one、ones或anyone(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished..先行词为these时ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool..在therebe开头的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou..一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards..在非限制性定语从句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan..主句以who开头的句子中，只用that,不用who。二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析：Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisis the housewhich/that we lived inlastyear.)Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Ilivein the room,thewindows of which facesouth.)注：A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.⑴.Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing'sson.C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that，不宜用which。(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.(5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。注意：1.不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用whicho(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.(g)为了避免重复.(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。(1)关系代词放在介词之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.(2)非限制性定语从句中Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.(3)that,Those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时，关系代词用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同样的，thesame…that…表示同一的Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.what不能引导定语从句【典型例题解析】例1Thesecondbook IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例2I'llneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich解析本题指时间，故选A。例3Thebook issoldoutatthemoment.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触，故选A。例4Isthistheplace Lincolnoncelived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when解析本题指地点，故选C。例5I'moneoftheboys neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois解析本题中who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例6Hersister, youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois解析非限制性定语从句中， 关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。例7Thesebookareforstudents motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。

三、单项选择（）YourteacherofChineseisayounglady comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose( )A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose( )Ilikethehouse windowsfacesouth.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.whoseB.who'sC.it's D.its( )Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice wasinvited.A.whomB.whose C.thatD.which( )Thisisthemuseum wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat( )Charlietoldhismotherall hadhappened.A.thatB.what C.whichD.wholWhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I'mnotsure.Isitinthehall canhold300people?A.where B.what C.that D.wheniWhatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies scarymonsters.A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhaveyouknowtheman istalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.whichlWhichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua?—Theman T-shirtisred.A.that B.who C.which D.whose—Doyouknowthegirl istalkingwithourteacher?—Oh,she'smysister.A.who B.whoseC.whom D.where overweightneedmorewaterthanthinpeople.A.whoisB.whichareC.thatisD.whoareSorry,wedonthavethecoat youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.whichThisisthedictionary Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whomyouknowtheman issittingbehindNancy?A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whombook heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.what状语从句专练I.选择填空： 1.Themancan'tgetonthebusbecausetherenoroomonit.A.wasB.is C.are D.were2.Iwaslisteningtothemusic therewasaknockatthedoor.A.whileB.whenC.because D.until3.Idon'tknowifhe tomorrow,ifhe ,I'llmeethim.A.willcome,comes B.comes,comesC.willcome,willcome D.come,willcome4Theteacherunderstandsthat Mathshadalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.sinceB.unless C.though D.when5. Iread,themoreIunderstand.ThemoreB.Somuch C.Howmuch D.Forall6.WouldyougiveJohnnythisletterifyou toseehimthisweek.A.willhappenB.happenarehappenedD.happened7.Shewasbusy, shecouldn'tgotoyour

birthdaypartylastnight.A.andB.soC.orD.but8.Englishisbirthdaypartylastnight.A.andB.soC.orD.but8.Englishis ausefullanguageitisspokeninmanycountriesoftheworld.A.so…that B.such…that C.so…becauseD.such…because9.Youwillsucceedifyou harder.A.willworkB.won’tworkC.workdon’twork10.Writeclearly yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.A.sinceB.for C.becauseD.sothat11.Hisbrotherhasworkedthere heleftschool.whenB.afterC.since D.until12.Theboydidn’tstoptalking thesecondbellrang.whenB.untilafter D.because13.Heranasfastaspossible hecouldreachschoolontime.inordertoB.soastoC.when D.sothat初中宾语从句练习题1.Idon'tknow hewillcometomorrow. hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;Whether C.if;Thatif;If2.Couldyoutellme thenearesthospitalis?A.what B.how C.whetherD.where3.Doyouknowwhere now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive4.Doyouknowwhattime ?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves5.Shewantedtoknow hermotherlikedthepresent.AwhichBthatyouknowhasbeenselectedtoattend（参加）themeeting?A．whoB.howC.whyD.that7.know hedoesn’twanttotakepartintheproject.A.whoB.whatD.whosedoesn’tknow tostayornot.A.whetherB.ifC.whyD.whatteachertoldmethatlight fasterthansound.A.traveledB.istravelingC.hadtraveledD.travelswillfindout .A.whyishelateB.whyisn’thelateC.whylateheisD.whyheislate初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解place interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhichyouknowtheman ?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspokeisthehotel lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayedyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhichistheday I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.whenfactory we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhichchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory weareworking.A.wherethatC.whichD.thereisoneofthebestfilms .A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalkedyoulendmethebook theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalkedpen heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhicharrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.thatengineer myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhomthereanyoneinyourclass familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose'minterestedin youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichwanttousethesamedictionary wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.asisn'tsuchaman heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.asisgoodatEnglish, weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.whatMing, totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentwentwithhimdon'tlike asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovelstalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whatletterisfrommysister, isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whoourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who'retheonlyperson I'veevermet coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;wholostabook, Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitlethetitleofitD.thetitleofthatsummerwevisitedtheWestLake, Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.whathaveboughtsuchawatch wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itcanneverforgettheday weworkedtogetherandtheday wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;whenway helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./isthereason hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhichmachine, formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.reasonwhichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafterreason hedidn'tcomewas hewasill.A.why;that;whyC.forthat;thatwhich;whatisworkinghard, willmakehimpassthefinalexam.whichisnottheway Idoit.A./whichwhichhavetwogrammars, areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhichwanttousethesametools usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.whichneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble, wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.itisthemagazine Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhichisnotsuchaman wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whoseSmoking, isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itthough41.---Didyouasktheguard happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers, hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho cars increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays ,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall, hecouldsee wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame, hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens, writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen答案及解析for初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解（第2套）参考答案及解析A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。C.解析同第5题。A.解析见第3题。A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则theone应该视为先行词。A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是〃介词+关系代词〃结构，常用来引导定语从句.with有〃用”的意思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语，即heiswritingwithapen.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语.A.that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.D.thesame ..as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中，as作从句的主语.16.D.such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中，as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为：IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用sucha……..，本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.2