2025年中考英语语法 之 定语从句

初中英语语法之定语从句定义定语：用来修饰名词、代词的词或短语beautifulgirl形容词threestudents数词womanteacher名词nothingtoworryabout不定式短语定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子句子结构：先行词+关系词+从句定语从句Ilikethemusic[thatIcandanceto].我喜欢我能随之而舞的音乐。先行词关系词先行词：定语从句修饰的名词或者代词（在定语从句之前）关系词：连接主句和从句的词（紧跟先行词）关系词的作用：连接从句，充当定语从句成分，代替先行词定语从句的分类定语从句的分类限定性定语从句：无逗号，从句是主句不可缺少的部分。Mysister[whois26]isanurse.我26岁的姐姐是一名护士。非限定性定语从句：有逗号，主句完整，从句是补充说明。Mysisterisanurse，[whois26].我的姐姐是一名护士，26岁。关系词关系代词关系代词关系形容词thatwhichwhowhomwhose指代人/物物人人成分主/宾主/宾主/宾宾定意思...的使用从句缺少主语或宾语时句子完整后有名词1、充当主语/宾语2、当定语whose“的”人物thatwhichwhothatwhichwhowhom做题步骤：ABC①找A先行词②选B关系词③减C减去同义词（相同成分）④如果不是，就选关系形容词或关系副词小牛试刀选择合适的关系词并判断在句中的成分（主、宾、定、状）Ihaveanapple_________isgreen.（）Iknowaman__________isadoctor.（）Thisistheplace_______wevisitedlasttime.（）Iknowtheman_________youjusttalkedwith.（）Ilikethegirl______hairareblackandlong.（）Thisistheschool______mymotherworks.（）whenwherewhenwherewhyfor+which介词+which关系副词介词+whichwhenwherewhy指代时间地点原因成分状状状意思使用句子完整时Istillrememberthedaywhenmysisterwasborn.onwhich=onthatday小试牛刀IwillneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarm.IhavebeentotheplacetheIndianslives.Thisisthereasonhecan’tcometothemeeting.Doyouknowthenearestplacewhichisfamousitsbeautifulnaturalsceneryinourtown.Whendon’tknowtheexacttimetheywillreturn.四、特殊用法（有戴一双特高靴）先行词只能用that引导，不用which引导有therebe句型（关系代词指物）有e.g.TherearesomebooksthatIamfoundof.这有一些我喜欢书。戴戴不定代词做先行词（all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,much等）e.g.ThereisnothingthatIcansayaboutit.我没什么可说的了。一一当主句是以who，which或what开头的疑问词。e.g.Whoisthemanthatiswaitingattheschoolgate?双双先行词即有人又有物e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandplacesthattheyhadvisited.他们谈论他们拜访过的人和去过和地方。特特先行词被表示特指唯一的词修饰，如theonly,thesame,theone等e.g.Theonlythingthatwecandoistoasktheteacherforhelp.我们能做的唯一的一件事情就是向老师寻求帮助。高高先行词被形容词最高级修饰e.g.ThisisthemostinterestingmoviesthatIhaveeverwatched.这是我看过的最有趣的电影靴先行词被序数词修饰（first，second，last等修饰）靴e.g.ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninEnglish.这是我用英语写的第一封信五、将两个句子合成有定语从句的复合句。注意:需要先考虑先行词是人还是物;然后考虑关系代词在从句中的成分（主语、宾语、定语和状语）TheboyisTim.Theboyisgoodatsinging.Theboy________________Tom.2、Xiangxiisafamouscity.Thecityisfamousfornaturalsceneryandrichculturalheritage.Xiangxiisafamouscity________________________________________________.3、Ilovereadingthebook.ItsnameisLittleWomen.Ilovereadingthebook________________________4、你记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?Doyouremembertheday____________________________?5.这是我没有参加会议的原因。Thisisthereason____________________________.专项练习一、选择题1.Theman______istalkingtoourteacherisBetty'sfather.A.whichB.whom C.who D.what2.Ilikethebook______youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.who C.whose D.where3.Itisthethirdtime_________youhavemadethesamemistake.A.whichB.where C.who D.that4.Thegirl______wesawyesterdayisTom'ssister.A.whichB.whose C.who D.what5.Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.where6.Romeisanancientcity________fullofplacesofinterest.A.whereis B.whichis C.whichare D.thatare7.Istillrememberthedays______wespenttogether.A.whichB.when C.where D.whose8.Theman______hairiswhiteismygrandfather.A.whichB.whose C.who D.whom9.Thisistheschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.that D.when10.Thereason______hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.A.whichB.whyC.that D.when二、用适当的关系词填空1.Theboy______isplayingfootballismyclassmate.2.Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thisisthehouse______LuXunoncelived.4.Thewoman______yousawjustnowismyaunt.5.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoourteacher?6.I'llneverforgettheday______Imetyou.7.Theplace______wevisitedlastweekisverybeautiful.8.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.9.Theman______carwasstolencalledthepolice.10.Shehasafriend______fatherisadoctor.三、翻译下面句子1.Themagazine___________________________(我昨天买的)isveryinteresting.2.Theboy______________________________（正在吃午饭的)ismybrother.3.Doyouknowtheteacher____________________________(名字是Ms.Zhang)?4.Heisthekindofpeople______________________________(喜欢帮助别人的).5.Iliketomakefriendswithpeople____________________________(喜欢旅游的).四、完成句子1．Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting.(合并成一个句子)2．Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareromantic.(合并成一个句子)3．Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic.(合并成一个句子)4．WeknowLuXun.Hewrotemanyfamousbooks.(合并成一个句子)5．Ilikegroups.Thegroupsareenergetic.(合并成一个句子)五、语法选择&短文填空（2023·广东