06 乌克兰危机影响着世界-2023年中考英语热点材料题型专练

06俄乌危机影响着世界2023年中考英语热点材料题型专练背景材料：俄乌冲突外溢引多重危机2022-12-0310:50·\t"/article/7172749234066686498/_blank"澎湃新闻当地时间2022年11月24日，乌克兰敖德萨，俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争仍在继续，乌克兰人在援助中心前排队等候。视觉中国图俄乌冲突自今年2月底全面爆发以来，其酿成的危机已明显外溢至域外乃至全球，其影响面涵盖国防、主权、粮食、能源、供应链、社会、政治稳定等多个方面。尽管如此，乌克兰局势短期内仍难以见到走向缓和乃至和平的迹象。据美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）12月1日报道，欧盟27国针对俄罗斯原油的制裁即将于5日生效。分析指出，针对俄罗斯的进一步制裁可能会让困扰全球多国的通货膨胀问题进一步恶化。俄乌冲突只是全球面临的种种危机的一个缩影。中国军事科学学会会长、中国人民解放军军事科学院院长杨学军12月1日在2022北京香山论坛专家视频会上，谈及眼下人类和平发展所面临的挑战时指出，当前，新冠肺炎疫情反复延宕，逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，产业链、供应链稳定遭受冲击，粮食危机、能源危机、金融危机风险攀升。此外，世界经济增长乏力、政治集团冷战思维也加剧了地缘政治博弈，地区冲突和局部战争多点频发，传统与非传统安全威胁叠加，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字有增无减。俄乌危机影响着世界热点专题题型专练篇目内容阅读理解AGlobalNewsAroundtheWorldRaisingmoneyforUkraine

Agroupof17childrenteameduptoswimthewidthoftheEnglishChannelinlessthananhour,andhavecollectedmorethan￡3,300forpeoplesufferingfrom（遭受）thewarinUkraine.Thechildren,agedbetween6and15yearsold,swamtogetherattheirlocalpoolinDerbyshire,England,andcompletedadistanceof21milesamongthem.______________

YellowstoneNationalParkintheUSismarkingits150thanniversary（周年纪念日）,andithasstartedanewprogramcalledtheInheritancePass.Itisaccepting$1,500donationsinexchangeforanannualentrypasswhichisalsogoodforthedonor’schildrenandgrandchildrenin150years.Andthemoneyraisedthroughthesaleof“InheritancePasses”willbeusedtopreserve（维护）theparkforthenext150years.Max’ssecondBigCamp-Out

MaxWoosey,12,hasspentmorethan670nightscampingoutsideforcharity.Throughthechallenge,hehasbravedhowlingwindsandraintoraise￡700,000forahospice（收容所）nearhishomeinDevon,UK.MaxismarkinghissecondanniversarywithaBigCamp-out,invitingyoungpeopletojoininfromtheirgardenortoputupatentintheirlivingroomtoraisemoneyforanycharitytheychoose.1．Allthenewsabovehassomethingtodowith__________.A．travel B．fundraising C．nature D．sports2．Whydidthechildrencompletea21-mileswim?A．TofindoutthewidthoftheEnglishChannel.B．ToescapefromUkraineforabetterliving.C．Toraisemoneyforthosewhoaresufferingfromthewar.D．Todeveloptheirteamspirit.3．Whatwouldbeagoodheadingforthesecondpieceofnews?A．Anannual$1,500donation.B．150yearsofYellowstoneNationalPark.C．Howandwhentoget“InheritancePasses”.D．Yellowstoneoffersaspecialentrypassgoodforyear2172.4．Theideabehind“InheritancePasses”isto__________.A．helpsafeguardtheparkforthefutureB．leavethedonorsomethingasamemorialC．raisemoneyforchildrenin150yearsD．drawmorepeopletopayavisittothepark5．WhatcanwelearnaboutMaxWoosey?A．Manyyoungpeoplearejoininghimforanouting.B．Heoftencampsinagardeninbadweather.C．Hehopesmorepeoplecanshowloveandcaretothoseinneed.D．Hestartedthechallengemorethantwoyearsago.【短文大意】本文讲述孩子们游泳来筹款帮助乌克兰战争中的人，黄石国家公园筹款来维护公园的未来建设以及马克斯通过在外露营来筹款帮助那些需要帮助的人。【答案解析】【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据“RaisingmoneyforUkraine”，“Andthemoneyraisedthroughthesale”及“raise￡700,000forahospice”，可知所有的新闻都和筹款有关系。故选B。2．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Agroupof17childrenteameduptoswimthewidthoftheEnglishChannelinlessthananhour,andhavecollectedmorethan￡3,300forpeoplesufferingfromthewarinUkraine…completedadistanceof21milesamongthem”可知，孩子完成21英里远的游泳是为了筹款帮助那些在乌克兰战争饱受摧残的人。故选C。3．【答案】D【解析】标题概括题。根据“YellowstoneNationalParkintheUSismarkingits150thanniversary,andithasstartedanewprogramcalledtheInheritancePass.Itisaccepting$1,500donationsinexchangeforanannualentrypasswhichisalsogoodforthedonor’schildrenandgrandchildrenin150years”可知，新闻讲述黄石国家公园为了150年周年庆，开始了一个新的项目，为了交换一个年度出入许可证它接受一千五百美元的捐款，D选项“黄石国家公园为2172年提供了一个特殊的出入许可”符合。故选D。4．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据“themoneyraisedthroughthesaleof‘InheritancePasses’willbeusedtopreservetheparkforthenext150years”可知“InheritancePasses”售卖筹款的钱背后的想法是为了使用这笔钱在未来150年里来维护公园。故选A。5．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据“MaxismarkinghissecondanniversarywithaBigCamp-out,invitingyoungpeopletojoininfromtheirgardenortoputupatentintheirlivingroomtoraisemoneyforanycharitytheychoose”，马克斯邀请年轻人加入这个活动来筹款给他们选择的慈善事业。可知，他希望越来越多的人可以为那些需要帮助的人显示自己的爱和关心。故选C。BUkrainehascaughttheattentionoftheworld.OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特别军事行动)”againstUkraine.AsofMarch1,severaldaysafterthestartofthemilitaryoperation,Russianforces(武装力量)hadclosedinonKyiv,Ukraine’scapital,Xinhuareported.TheviolenceinUkrainehasresultedinmorethan536confirmedciviliancasualties(平民伤亡),withtheactualnumberexpectedtobemuchhigher,ChinaDailyreportedonMarch2.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavefledthecountryoverthepastfewdays.TheUsandsomeotherWesterncountrieshaveresponded(应对)toRussia’sactionswithsanctions(制裁).OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.OnFeb27,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO,北大西洋公约组织)saidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweapons(武器)andmoney.OnFeb28,UNSecretary-General(秘书长)AntonioGuterrescalledforanimmediateendtothemilitaryoperationsinUkraine.“ThefightinginUkrainemuststop,”hesaid.RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarus(白俄罗斯)totalkabouttheconflict(冲突)onFeb28.Bothsidesagreedtomeetagaintohavemoretalks.InatelephoneconversationwithPutinonFeb25,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaidChinasupportsRussiaandUkraineinresolving(解决)theirtensionsthroughnegotiation(协商).Headdedpropersecurityconcerns(安全考虑)ofallcountriesshouldbetakenseriouslyandrespected(尊重).AsStateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidonFeb21,UkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest,notasafrontier(前沿)inaconfrontation(冲突)ofpowers.1．Whendidthe“specialmilitaryoperation(特别军事行动)”againstUkrainehappen?A．OnFeb21. B．OnFeb24. C．OnFeb27. D．OnFeb28.2．WhatwouldtheUsdotorespondtotheconflict?A．ItsupportsRussiaandUkraineinresolvingtheirtensionsthroughnegotiation.B．ItwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.C．ItwouldfightagainstRussia.D．ItwouldhelpRussiaandUkrainehaveapeacefultalk.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“airspace”mean?A．航班 B．空间站 C．领空 D．航线4．Whatistherightorderoftheseevents?a.Russianforces(武装力量)hadclosedinonKyiv.b.StateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidUkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest.c.RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarustotalkabouttheconflict.d.RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation”againstUkraine.e.NATOsaidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweaponsandmoney.A．bdeca B．daecb C．baecd D．deabc5．Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassagein_______.A．asciencebook B．aTVguide C．ahistorybook D．MorningNews【短文大意】本文主要讲述了俄罗斯对乌克兰展开的“特别军事行动”。【答案解析】【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特别军事行动)”againstUkraine.”可知，2月24日展开“特别军事行动”；故选B。2．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights.”可知，美国表示将对所有俄罗斯航班关闭其领空；故选B。3．【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据“OnMarch1,theUSsaidthatitwouldcloseitsairspacetoallRussianflights”可知，美国表示将对所有俄罗斯航班关闭其领空，因此“airspace”意为“领空”；故选C。4．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据“AsStateCouncilorandForeignMinisterWangYisaidonFeb21,UkraineshouldserveasabridgebetweentheEastandtheWest,notasafrontier(前沿)inaconfrontation(冲突)ofpowers.”；“OnFeb24,RussianPresidentVladimirPutinannounceda“specialmilitaryoperation(特别军事行动)”againstUkraine.”；“OnFeb27,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO,北大西洋公约组织)saidthatsomemembercountrieshavesupportedUkrainewithweapons(武器)andmoney.”；“RussianandUkrainianofficialsmetinBelarus(白俄罗斯)totalkabouttheconflict(冲突)onFeb28.”和“AsofMarch1,severaldaysafterthestartofthemilitaryoperation,Russianforces(武装力量)hadclosedinonKyiv,Ukraine'scapital,Xinhuareported.”可知，按照时间的先后顺序；正确的顺序是bdeca；故选A。5．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“...Xinhuareported”可知，该篇文章可能是一篇新闻报道；故选D。CItmaysoundlikeacliche(老生常谈),butfoodisstillthestuffoflife.Sowhenglobalfoodpricessoar(大涨),peopleworry.TheUnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)saidonApril8thatworldfoodpriceshitanall-timehighinMarch.Pricesforvegetableoils,meats,sugaranddairyproductscouldriseupto22percent.Accordingtotheagency,theFAO’sfoodpriceindex(指数)hadalreadyreportedanall-timehighinFebruary,asthepandemic,poorweatherandclimatecrisisdamagedagricultureandthreatenedfoodsecurityformillionsofpeople.TheUkrainecrisis(乌克兰危机)hasmadethesituationmuchworse.BothRussiaandUkrainehavevastgrain-growingregions.Theyareamongtheworld’smainbreadbaskets.Thetwocountriestogetheraccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.Theconflicthasalsocausedariseinthecostoftheotherdailyessentialsandfuel.“Itisextremelyworrisome,”saidRabahArezki,formerchiefeconomistattheWorldBank.In2022,therewillbe44millionpeoplein38countriesatthe“emergency”phaseoffoodinsecurity,justonestepawayfromadeclarationoffamine.PeopleinSouthSudan,Yemen,andthenorthernpartsofEthiopiaandNigeriaareatparticularrisk.Recentunrest(动荡)acrosstheworldhighlightstherisks.InSriLanka,protestshaveeruptedovershortagesofgasandotherbasicgoods.Globalfoodinsecuritymaymakemanyconcerned:DoesChinahaveenoughfoodforitspopulationof1.4billion?AccordingtoWeiBaigang,chiefeconomistattheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs,Chinareliesmainlyondomesticgrainproductionandonly2percentofthenation’sgrainisimported.GlobalpriceincreaseshavehadlittleimpactonChina’sfoodprices.China’sfoodpricesevendropped1.5percentyear-on-yearinMarch,insharpcontrasttotheglobalfoodpriceriseofmorethan30percent.In2021,Chinasawagoodgrainharvestforthe18thyearinarow,withtotalgrainoutputexceeding(超过)650milliontonsforsevenconsecutiveyears.Theharvestensuredthecountry’sbasicself-sufficiency(自给自足)ingrainanditsabsolutegrainsecurity.1．Whataspectsthreatenworldfoodsecurityexcept________?A．thepandemic B．poorweatherandclimatecrisisC．theUkrainecrisis D．thegrowthofpopulation2．WhydoestheUkrainecrisismakefoodsafetyworse?A．Becausethiswarusedupalotofmaterials.B．Becausethetwocountriesstoppedexportingfood.C．BecausebothRussiaandUkraineaccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.D．Becausethewaraffectspeaceandpeople’slives.3．ThemainreasonforChina’sfoodpricestability(稳定)isthat________.A．ChinamainlydependsonitsownfoodproductionB．ChinadoesnotimportfoodC．ChinadoesnotexportfoodD．goodweatherandclimatehasbroughtaboutalargegoodharvest4．Whatdoestheparagraphtalkabout?A．IttalksaboutthefoodsecurityofChina.B．Ittalksaboutthefoodsecurityoftheworld.C．Ittalksaboutthepeople’sworriesaboutfood.D．IttalkstheimpactoftheUkrainecrisisonfoodsecurity.【短文大意】本文主要讲了人们对于食物的担忧。【答案解析】【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Accordingtotheagency,theFAO’sfoodpriceindexhadalreadyreportedanall-timehighinFebruary,asthepandemic,poorweatherandclimatecrisisdamagedagricultureandthreatenedfoodsecurityformillionsofpeople.”及“TheUkrainecrisishasmadethesituationmuchworse.”可知威胁世界粮食安全的因素有疫情、恶劣的天气和气候危机、乌克兰危机，没有“人口的增长”这个因素。故选D。2．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Thetwocountriestogetheraccountedforaround30percentofglobalwheatexports.”可知乌克兰危机让食品安全变得更糟是因为俄罗斯和乌克兰合计占全球小麦出口的30%左右。故选C。3．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据“AccordingtoWeiBaigang,chiefeconomistattheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs,Chinareliesmainlyondomesticgrainproductionandonly2percentofthenation’sgrainisimported.GlobalpriceincreaseshavehadlittleimpactonChina’sfoodprices.”可知中国粮食价格稳定的主要原因是中国主要依靠自己的粮食生产。故选A。4．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了人们对于食物的担忧。故选C。二、短文选词填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，并将其正确形式填写在相应位置，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。agree

ask

big

country

creative

end

first

home

people

teach

win

wiseFriday,February25thI’munabletothinkclearlythesedays.We__1___athomeandatschoolthatusingviolenceistheleastcivilized(文明的)waytosolveproblems.Forexample,lastweekIthoughtabouthittingmyfriendfor___2___abeautifulshellwhilewewereplayingatthebeach.Italkedwithhiminsteadandwecametoan___3___.Iftwoadultshadadisagreement,andiftheyusedviolencetowardseachotherinordertowin,isitallright?Whentwocountriesdisagree,theyoftenfightawar,likeRussiaandUkraine.Whyisusingviolencenotokayathome,atschool,orinyourcountrybutokaybetween___4___?Somanypeoplearekilledbecauseofwars,notonlysoldiersbutcommonpeople,evensmallchildrenandbabies.Atthesametime,somepeoplehavetobeforcedtoleavetheirowncountry,becoming__5__.Awarisagreatviolence,liketwopeoplefightingoverashell,justmuch___6___.Adultssaytheyarefightingwarsinordertosolveproblemsandmakepeace.Butcanyoureally“makepeace”bykillingsomanypeople?Idon’tthinkbombs(炸弹)canreach___7___heartsandchangethem.Bombscan’t___8___loveandcaring,andthat’swhatweneedintheworld.Whycan’tadultsusetheir__9___andtalkitover?Adultsmightsaythatthingsarenotthateasy.Buttheyarethe___10__thatteachustobekind,nottohurtpeopleandnottokill.Whydon’ttheyactaswhattheysay?【短文大意】本文主要讲述了作者对于暴力和战争的看法。【答案解析】【答案】aretaught【解析】句意：我们在家和在学校都被教育使用暴力是最不文明的行为。根据后文的举例结合备选词汇