医学英语高频词汇02+心血管系统

⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇 第⼀课01.

atrial

[‘eɪtrɪəl]心房的atri/o(atrium)

-al(pertaining

to)The

study

participants

were

65

years

old

or

older,

with

a

history

ofhypertension

butno

history

of

atrial

fibrillation.

They

were

followedfor

approximately

2.5

years.该研究的研究对象为65

岁及以上的人群，有高血压史但未发现房颤。这项研究跟踪了2年半。source:【medical-news】Atrial

ArrhythmiasbyPacemakersIncreaseRisk

ofStroke02.

sinoatrial

node[,sainəu'etriəl][nəʊd]窦房结Stemcell-derived

nodal-like

cardiomyocytes

as

a

novelpharmacologic

tool:

insights

from

sinoatrial

node

development

andfunction.干细胞衍生的节状心肌细胞作为一种新的药理学工具：窦房结发育和功能的研究。source:

Pharmacol

Rev.

2015;67(2):368-88.03.

atrioventricular

node

[,etrɪovɛn'trɪkjəlɚ][nəʊd]房室结ventricul/o(ventricle)Thesinus

venosus

myocardium

contributes

to

the

atrioventricularcanal:

potential

role

during

atrioventricular

node

development?

窦静脉心肌参与房室通道：房室结发育中的潜在作用？source:

J

Cell

Mol

Med.

2015

Jun;19(6):1375-89.04.

atrioventricular

bundle[,etrɪovɛn‘trɪkjəlɚ] [’bʌndl]

房室束Dilatedcardiomyopathy:the

role

ofleftbranch

of

atrioventricularbundle

block

in

leftventricular

walls

longitudinal

strain

indiceschange.扩张型心肌病：房室束左分支阻滞在左心室壁纵向应变指数变化中的作用

。source:

Klin

Khir.

2015

Mar;(3):23-5.05.ventricle

[‘ventrɪk(ə)l]

心室,脑室Medialextension

involves

the

third

ventricle

and

causesintraventricular

hemorrhage.向内侧扩展则累及第三脑室并引起脑室内出血。来自梁平教授06.

interventricular

septum[,intəven‘trikjulə][’septəm]

室间隔inter-(between)-ar(pertaining

to)ventricul/o(ventricle)-um(structure)The

interventricular

septum

in

pulmonary

hypertension

does

notshowfeatures

ofright

ventricular

failure.肺动脉高压的室间隔没有显示出右室衰竭的特征。source:IntJ

Cardiol.

2014

May

15;173(3):509-12.07.

endocarditis

[,endəʊkɑː'daɪtɪs]

心内膜炎endo-(within)

cardi/o(heart)-itis(inflammation)pericarditis

(the

most

frequent

cardiac

manifestation)

andendocarditis

also

occur

fairly

frequently.心包炎(是最常见的心脏表现)和心内膜炎也相当频繁。来自梁平教授08.

endocardium

[,endəʊ‘kɑːdɪəm]心内膜-um(structure)Lesions

ofthe

mural

endocardium

also

may

occur

in

rheumaticfever.风湿热时也可发生壁性心内膜病变。来自梁平教授09.

myocardium[,maɪə(ʊ)'kɑːdɪəm]心肌my/o(muscle)The

typical

example

ofthe

impairmentof

the

contractile

force

is

MI,in

which

the

leftventricular

myocardium

becomes

necrotic

and

isre-placed

by

useless

and

noncontracting

fibrous

tissues.收缩力受损的典型例子是心肌梗死，心肌梗死时左心室的心肌坏死，并为无收缩力的无用的纤维组织所取代。来自梁平教授10.pericardium

[,pɛrɪ‘kɑrdɪəm]心包peri-(surrounding)Pericarditis

is

an

inflammation

ofthe

membrane

(pericardium)surrounding

the

heart.心包炎是围绕在心脏外的一层膜(心包)的炎症。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewatrial

[‘eɪtrɪəl]

心房的sinoatrial

node

[,sainəu'etriəl][nəʊd]窦房结atrioventricular

node

[,etrɪovɛn'trɪkjəlɚ][nəʊd]房室结atrioventricular

bundle

[,etrɪovɛn'trɪkjəlɚ] ['bʌndl]

房室束ventricle

[‘ventrɪk(ə)l]

心室,脑室interventricular

septum

[,intəven‘trikjulə][’septəm]

室间隔endocarditis

[,endəʊkɑː'daɪtɪs]

心内膜炎endcardium[,endəʊ‘kɑːdɪəm]心内膜myocardium[,maɪə(ʊ)'kɑːdɪəm]心肌pericardium

[,pɛrɪ‘kɑrdɪəm]心包⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第⼆课11.

pericarditis

[,perɪkɑː'daɪtɪs]

心包炎Pericarditis(the

most

frequent

cardiac

manifestation)

andendocarditis

also

occur

fairly

frequently.心包炎(是最常见的心脏表现)和心内膜炎也相当频繁。来自梁平教授12.pericardiocentesis[’peri,kɑ:diəusenti:sis]

心包穿刺术-centesis(surgical

puncture)Survival

rates

after

pericardiocentesis

ranged

from

85%

at

oneyear

to

50%atfive

yearsand

10%

at

10

years,

the

reportindicates.报告指出：行心包穿刺放液术的1年生存率达85%，5

年生存率达50%，10

年生存率达10%。source:

J

Rheumatol.

2006

Nov;33(11):2173-7.13.

aorta[eɪ‘ɔːtə]主动脉aort/o(aorta)Theblood

is

then

delivered

through

the

branches

ofthe

aorta

tothe

tissues

of

the

body,

where

it

loses

oxygen,

picks

up

carbondioxide,

and

returns

to

the

rightside

ofthe

heart

to

begin

itsdouble

cycle

all

over

again.随后，血液经主动脉的分支运送到全身的组织中，在那里释出氧，带走二氧化碳，并流回到心脏的右侧，又重新开始其双循环。来自梁平教授14.

aorticstenosis[e‘ɔrtɪk][stɪ’nosɪs]

主动脉瓣狭窄-stenosis(narrowing)Challenges

in

the

echocardiographic

assessment

of

aorticstenosis.主动脉狭窄超声心动图评估的挑战source:

Future

Cardiol.

2014

Jul;10(4):541-52.15.

aortic

dissection[daɪ'sekʃn]主动脉夹层Cocaine

use

isimplicated

in

1.8%of

patientswith

acute

aorticdissection.可卡因的使用与1.8%的急性主动脉夹层患者的发病相关source:

Am

J

Med.

2014

Sep;127(9):878-85.16.

aortic

aneurysm

[‘ænjərɪzəm]

主动脉瘤aneurysm/o(widened

blood

vessel)Advancedcomplicated

diabetes

mellitus

is

associated

with

areduced

risk

of

thoracic

and

abdominal

aortic

aneurysm

rupture:

apopulation-based

cohort

study.晚期疑难糖尿病与胸腹主动脉瘤破裂风险呈负相关：一项基于人群的队列研究。source:

Diabetes

Metab

ResRev.

2015

Feb;31(2):190-7.17.valve[vælv]

瓣膜FDA

reviewers

saidMonday

that

theSapien

TranscatheterHeartValve

met

study

endpoints

for

safety

and

effectiveness

as

anoption

for

high-risk

patientswith

severe

aorticstenosis,butraisedconcerns

about

an

increased

risk

for

stroke.周一，FDA评审员说针对高位严重主动脉狭窄患者的SapienTranscatheter

Heart

Valve

研究达到了安全终点和疗效终点，但研究显示患者的卒中风险增加。source:

【medical-news】Heart

Valve

Safe,

Effective,

FDA

Staff

Says18.aortic

valve主动脉瓣Cusp

repair

during

aortic

valve-sparing

operation:

technicalaspects

and

impacton

results.主动脉瓣保留手术中的尖瓣修复：技术方法对结果的影响source:

J

Cardiovasc

Med

(Hagerstown).

2015

Apr;16(4):310-7.19.

pulmonary

valve

肺动脉瓣Pulmonary

valve

preservation

and

restoration

strategies

for

repairof

tetralogyof

Fallot.Fallot四联症肺动脉瓣的保存与修复策略source:Cardiol

Young.2014

Dec;24(6):1088-94.20.mitralvalve

['maɪtr(ə)l]

二尖瓣Mitral

valve

plasty

for

idiopathicrupture

ofmitral

valve

posteriorchordae

in

infants.二尖瓣成形术治疗婴幼儿特发性二尖瓣后腱索断裂。source:

Ann

ThoracCardiovasc

Surg.2014;20(2):150-4.Epub

2013

Apr

5Terminology

Reviewpericarditis[,perɪkɑː'daɪtɪs]

心包炎pericardiocentesis

[’peri,kɑ:diəusenti:sis]心包穿刺术aorta

[eɪ'ɔːtə]主动脉aorticstenosis

[e‘ɔrtɪk][stɪ’nosɪs]

主动脉瓣狭窄aortic

dissection

[daɪ'sekʃn]

主动脉夹层aortic

aneurysm

['ænjərɪzəm]主动脉瘤valve

[vælv]瓣膜aorticvalve

主动脉瓣pulmonary

valve肺动脉瓣mitral

valve

['maɪtr(ə)l]二尖瓣⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第三课21.tricuspid

valve

[traɪ'kʌspɪd]三尖瓣tri-(three)The

surgical

treatmentofisolated

and

concomitanttricuspid

valvedisease,

especially

functional

tricuspid

valve

regurgitation,remains

controversial.手术治疗孤立性和伴随性三尖瓣病变，尤其是功能性三尖瓣反流，仍然存在争议。source:

EuroIntervention.

2015

Sep;11

Suppl

W:W128-32.22.

valvularregurgitation

['vælvjələ][rɪˌɡɜ:dʒɪ'teɪʃn]瓣膜返流valvul/o(valve)

re-(backward)Valvular

Regurgitation

Using

Portable

Echocardiography

in

aHealthy

StudentPopulation:

Implications

for

Rheumatic

HeartDisease

Screening.在健康人群中使用便携式超声心动图检查瓣膜返流：风湿性心脏病筛查的意义。source:

J

Am

Soc

Echocardiogr.

2015

Aug;28(8):981-8.23.

valvular

stenosis

[stɪ'nəʊsɪs]

瓣膜狭窄Isolated

congenital

valvular

stenosis

ofeither

aortic

or

pulmonaryvalve

is

commonly

seen

yetthe

presence

ofboth

these

lesions

inthe

same

patient

is

rare.孤立性先天性瓣膜狭窄的主动脉瓣或肺动脉瓣是常见的，但这两种病变共存于同一患者是罕见的。source:J

Saudi

Heart

Assoc.

2014

Apr;26(2):101-4.24.

valvuloplasty

[vælvjʊ'ləplæstɪ]

瓣膜成形术valvul/o(valve) -plasty(surgical

repair)Balloon

aortic

valvuloplasty

asa

bridge

to

aortic

valve

surgery

forsevere

aortic

stenosis.主动脉瓣球囊成形术作为治疗严重主动脉瓣狭窄的桥梁。source:

Interact

Cardiovasc

Thorac

Surg.2015

Mar;20(3):429-35.25.valvotomy['vælvoʊtəmɪ]

瓣膜切开术-tomy(incision,

cutting

into)Postoperative

Outcomes

of

Mitral

Valve

Repair

for

MitralRestenosis

after

Percutaneous

Balloon

Mitral

Valvotomy.二尖瓣球囊扩张术后二尖瓣再狭窄的术后效果。source:

Korean

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2015

Oct;48(5):328-34.26.artery['ɑːtərɪ]动脉arter/o(artery)CONCLUSION:

Low

levelsof

25(OH)D

are

associated

with

higherrisk

of

myocardial

infarction

in

a

graded

manner,

evenaftercontrolling

for

factors

known

to

be

associated

with

coronary

arterydisease.结论：即使在对冠状动脉疾病的危险因素进行匹配后，低水平25羟维生素D仍然与心肌梗死成较高的等级相关。source:

Arch

Intern

Med.2008

Jun

9;168(11):1174-80.27.

pulmonary

artery

['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] [veɪn]肺动脉Pulmonary

artery

isthe

only

arterywhich

is

carrying

deoxygenatedblood.肺动脉是唯一运送静脉血的动脉。28.arteriole

[ɑ:ˈtɪəriəʊl]小动脉arteri/o(artery) -ole(small)Prospective

measurement

of

the

retinal

arteriole:venule

ratio(AVR)

helps

to

predict

incident

hypertension,the

incidence

andprogressionof

diabetesandtheneedforamputationsindiabetes.事先测量视网膜的小动脉小静脉之比（AVR）有助于预测高血压事件，糖尿病的发生和发展以及糖尿病中截肢术的需要。source:

Heart.

2009

Mar;95(5):348-929.

peripheral

arterial

disease

[pə'rɪf(ə)r(ə)l]外周动脉疾病Diagnosis

and

assessment

of

peripheral

arterial

disease

in

thediabetic

foot.糖尿病足周围动脉病变的诊断与评价。source:

Diabet

Med.

2015

Jun;32(6):738-47.30.

capillary

['kæpəlɛri]

毛细血管Thediffusevasospasmleads

toreducedflowinto

themicrocirculation

and

causes

capillary

and

neuronal

ischemia.弥漫性血管痉挛引起进入微循环的血流减少并引起毛细血管和神经细胞缺血。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewtricuspid

valve

[traɪ'kʌspɪd]三尖瓣valvular

regurgitation['vælvjələ][rɪˌɡɜ:dʒɪ'teɪʃn]瓣膜返流valvular

stenosis

[stɪ'nəʊsɪs]瓣膜狭窄valvuloplasty

[vælvjʊ'ləplæstɪ]

瓣膜成形术valvotomy['vælvoʊtəmɪ]

瓣膜切开术artery['ɑːtərɪ]

动脉pulmonary

artery

['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] [veɪn]肺动脉arteriole

[ɑ:ˈtɪəriəʊl]小动脉peripheralarterial

disease

[pə'rɪf(ə)r(ə)l]外周动脉疾病capillary['kæpəlɛri]

毛细血管⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第四课31.venous['viːnəs]

静脉的ven/o(vein)

-ous(pertaining

to)Current

invasive

approaches

to

detect

small

insulinomas

include

inserting

catheters

into

thearteries

and

veins

around

the

pancreas,

injecting

calcium

gluconate

into

thearteriessupplying

the

pancreas

and

taking

samples

from

veins

to

test

for

insulin

–

a

processknownas

arterial

stimulation

with

venous

sampling(ASVS).目前的非侵入式检查微小胰岛癌的方法包括向胰腺附近的动脉和静脉插入导管，向给胰岛供血的动脉中注射胰高血糖素，从静脉取样并对胰岛素进行检测——该技术成为动脉刺激静脉取样法（arterial

stimulation

with

venous

sampling，简写为ASVS）。source:

J

Nucl

Med.2016

May;57(5):715-20.32.

varicose

veins['værɪkəʊs]

静脉曲张Varicose

veins

represent

one

of

themost

frequentvasculardiseases

and

are

in

mostcases

benign.静脉曲张是最常见的血管疾病之一，在大多数情况下是良性的。source:

Eur

J

VascEndovasc

Surg.

2015

Aug;50(2):250-6.33.

pulmonary

vein

['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] [veɪn]

肺静脉Pulmonary

vein

stenosis

and

the

pathophysiology

of

"upstream"pulmonary

veins.肺静脉狭窄与“上游”肺静脉的病理生理。source:

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2014

Jul;148(1):245-53.34.

venule

['vɛnjʊl]

小静脉ven/o(vein)

-ule(small)Venule

is

small

branch

of

vein

which

connects

withcapillary.小静脉与毛细血管相连。35.

superior

vena

cava

(SVC)[su:ˈpɪəriə(r)]['viːnə]['keivə]

上腔静脉Persistentleftsuperior

vena

cava

with

absentrightsuperior

venacava:

review

ofthe

literature

and

clinical

implications.保留左上腔静脉的右上腔静脉缺失：文献回顾及临床意义source:

Echocardiography.

2014

May;31(5):674-9.[ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)]36.

inferior

venae

cavae

(IVC)下腔静脉A

histological

studyofthe

cardiac

muscle

ofthe

human

superiorandinferior

venae

cavae.一项人上腔静脉和下腔静脉心肌的组织学研究。source:

Arch

Histol

Cytol.

1995

Oct;58(4):457-64.37.arteriosclerosis[ɑː,tɪərɪəʊsklɪə‘rəʊsɪs]动脉硬化scler/o(hard)

-osis(abnormal

condition)Hypertension

thus

results

atfirstin

hypertrophy

ofthe

arterialwalls,

with

increase

in

muscle

and

elastic

fibers,

followed

byarteriosclerosis

and

a

tendency

to

severe

atheroma.因此，高血压首先导致动脉壁肥厚伴以肌细胞和弹性纤维增多，继而产生动脉硬化并倾向严重的粥样硬化。来自梁平教授38.

atherectomy

[æðɪ'rektəmɪ]经皮腔内斑块旋切术ather/o(plaque,

fatty

substance)123I-MIBG

imaging

can

be

used

to

evaluate

microvasculardisturbance

caused

by

embolization

by

microdebris

after

rotationalatherectomy.123i-MiBG显像可用于评价动脉粥样斑块切除术后微碎片栓塞引起的微血管紊乱。source:

Ann

Nucl

Med.

2007

Jun;21(3):137-44.39.

atherosclerosis

[ˌæθəroʊsklɪ'roʊsɪs]

动脉粥样硬化Carotid

intima-media

thickness

(CIMT),

a

marker

of

earlyatherosclerosis

and

vascular

remodelling,

is

one

of

theindependent

predictors

of

coronary

artery

disease

(CAD).颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT），是早期动脉粥样硬化和血管重塑的标志，也是冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的独立预测因素之一。source:

Atherosclerosis.

2012

Apr;221(2):438-4440.

cyanosis

[,saɪə‘nəʊsɪs]

紫绀cyan/o(blue)Bronchial

asthma

is

characterized

by

respiratory

distress,

apnea,wheezing,

flushing,

and

cyanosis.支气管哮喘表现为：呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、面红和发绀。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewvenous['viːnəs]静脉的varicose

veins

['værɪkəʊs]静脉曲张pulmonary

vein

['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] [veɪn]肺静脉venule['vɛnjʊl]

小静脉superior

vena

cava(SVC)[su:ˈpɪəriə(r)]['viːnə]['keivə]上腔静脉inferior

venae

cavae(IVC)

[ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)]下腔静脉arteriosclerosis

[ɑː,tɪərɪəʊsklɪə‘rəʊsɪs]动脉硬化atherectomy

[æðɪ'rektəmɪ]

经皮腔内斑块旋切术atherosclerosis

[ˌæθəroʊsklɪ'roʊsɪs]

动脉粥样硬化cyanosis

[,saɪə‘nəʊsɪs]紫绀⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第五课41.

deep

vein

thrombosis

[θrɒm'bəʊsɪs]深静脉血栓形成thromb/(thrombus)Prevalence

of

perioperative

asymptomatic

proximal

deep

veinthrombosis

in

Thai

gynecologic

cancer

patients.泰国妇科恶性肿瘤围手术期无症状性近端深静脉血栓形成的发生率。source:J

Med

Assoc

Thai.

2014

Feb;97(2):153-8.42.

thrombolytic

therapy

[,θrɔmbəu'litik]['θerəpɪ]溶栓-lytic(break

down,

destroying)

-therapy(treatment)Systemic

thrombolytic

therapy

for

acute

pulmonary

embolism:

asystematic

review

and

meta-analysis.全身溶栓治疗急性肺栓塞的系统评价和荟萃分析。source:

Eur

Heart

J.

2015

Mar

7;36(10):605-14.43.

thrombophlebitis

[,θrɒmbəʊflɪ'baɪtɪs]

血栓性静脉炎phleb/o(vein)A

bloodclot

mayform,causingthedangerous

conditioncalledthrombophlebitis,withthepossibility

of

apieceof

theclotbecomingloosenedandfloatinginthebloodas

anembolus.血凝块可能变得松散，脱落而成为栓子悬浮在血液中。来自梁平教授44.

phlebotomy

[flɪ‘bɒtəmɪ]

静脉切开放血术-tomy(process

of

cutting)Incidence

of

hepatocellular

carcinoma

reduced

by

phlebotomytreatment

in

patients

with

chronic

hepatitis

C.慢性丙型肝炎患者行静脉切开放血术减少肝癌的发病率source:

Intern

Med.

2015;54(2):107-17.45.

pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy['θrɒmboʊendɑːtə'rektəmɪ]

肺血栓动脉内膜切除术thromb/o(thrombus,

clotting)

end/o(within)-ectomy(removal)The

present

study

assessed

the

effectiveness

of

preoperative

transcatheterocclusion

of

the

bronchopulmonary

collateral

artery(PTOBPCA)in

reducingreperfusion

pulmonary

edema

after

pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy(PEA).本研究评估经导管支气管肺动脉旁路阻断术（PCOTPCA）对肺血栓动脉内膜切除术后再灌注肺水肿的疗效。source:

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2014

Dec;148(6):3014-9.46.

pulmonary

embolism

[ˈembəlɪzəm]

肺栓塞pulmon/o(lung)bol/o(to

cast,throw)em-(in)-ism(process)Effective

diagnosisand

treatment

of

pulmonaryembolism:Improving

patient

outcomes.有效的诊断和治疗肺栓塞：改善患者的预后。source:

Arch

Cardiovasc

Dis.

2014

Jun-Jul;107(6-7):406-14.47.

cardiomegaly[,kɑːdɪəʊ‘megəlɪ]

心脏肥大-megaly(enlargement)Chestx-ray:

Moderate

cardiomegaly

and

increased

pulmonaryvascularity.胸部X线检查：心脏中度增大及肺血管影增多。来自梁平教授48.

cardiomyopathy

[,kɑːdɪəʊmaɪ’ɒpəθɪ]心肌病my/o(muscle)

-pathy(disease)The

organic

channel

blockers

are

being

used

increasingly

invasospasticangina,

in

cardiac

arrhythmias,

in

hypertension,

and

inhypertrophic

cardiomyopathy.有机钙通道阻滞剂越来越多地用于血管痉挛性心绞痛、心律失常、高血压和肥厚性心肌病。来自梁平教授49.

cardiogenic

shock

[,kɑːdɪəʊ’dʒenɪk]

心源性休克-genic(produced

by/in)Trends

inincidence,

management,

and

outcomes

ofcardiogenicshockcomplicating

ST-elevation

myocardial

infarction

in

theUnited

States.美国ST段抬高型心肌梗死并发心源性休克的发病率、治疗和预后。source:

J

Am

Heart

Assoc.

2014

Jan

13;3(1):e000590.50.

cardioplegia

[kɑ:daɪɒp'li:dʒə]

心脏停搏-plegia(paralysis)Blood

and

crystalloid

cardioplegia

are

the

main

myocardialprotectivesolutions

used

in

pediatric

cardiac

surgery.血液和晶体停搏液是儿科心脏手术的主要心肌保护液。source:

Perfusion.

2015

Oct;30(7):529-36.Terminology

Reviewdeepveinthrombosis

[θrɒm'bəʊsɪs]深静脉血栓形成thrombolytic

therapy

[,θrɔmbəu'litik]['θerəpɪ]

溶栓thrombophlebitis

[,θrɒmbəʊflɪ'baɪtɪs]

血栓性静脉炎phlebotomy

[flɪ‘bɒtəmɪ]

静脉切开放血术pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy['θrɒmboʊendɑːtə'rektəmɪ]

肺血栓动脉内膜切除术pulmonaryembolism

[ˈembəlɪzəm]肺栓塞cardiomegaly

[,kɑːdɪəʊ‘megəlɪ]心脏肥大cardiomyopathy

[,kɑːdɪəʊmaɪ’ɒpəθɪ]

心肌病cardiogenic

shock

[,kɑːdɪəʊ’dʒenɪk]

心源性休克cardioplegia[kɑ:daɪɒp'li:dʒə]心脏停搏⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第六课51.

normal

sinus

rhythm

['saɪnəs]

['rɪðəm]正常窦性心律Normal

Sinus

Rhythm-Sinus

Bradycardia

is

Common

in

YoungChildren

Post-extracardiac

Fontan.正常窦性心律-窦性心动过缓是小儿心外动脉瘤术后常见的窦性心律。source:

Pediatr

Cardiol.

2016

Oct;37(7):1377-9.52.arrhythmia[ə'rɪθmɪə]

心律不齐a-(no)

rrhythm/o(rhythm)

-ia(condition)Effects

of

Heterogeneous

Diffuse

Fibrosis

on

ArrhythmiaDynamics

and

Mechanism.异质性弥漫性纤维化对心律失常的影响及其机制source:

Sci

Rep.

2016

Feb

10;6:20835.53.

tachycardia

[,tækɪ‘kɑːdɪə]

心动过速tachy-(rapid)MainOutcome

Measure

Appropriate

ICD

intervention

terminatingventriculartachycardia

or

fibrillation.主要发现是适当的ICD干预终止室性心动过速或纤颤。source:

JAMA.

2007

Jul

25;298(4):405-12.54.

bradycardia

[brædɪ'kɑ:dɪə]

心动过缓brady-(slow)However,

it

may

produce

a

dose-dependent

and

full

range

of

muscariniceffects

characterized

by

miosis,

blurring

of

vision,

lacrimation,

salivation,sweating,

increased

bronchial

secretion,

bronchoconstriction,

bradycardia,hypotension,

and

urinary

incontinence.不过它可产生剂量依赖性的、全部的毒蕈碱样作用，可以见到瞳孔缩小、视力模糊、流泪、流涎、出汗、支气管分泌增加、支气管收缩、心动过缓、低血压和小便失禁。来自梁平教授55.murmur[’mɜːmə]

心脏杂音In

the

heartthere

may

be

leftventricular

hypertrophy

with

an

aorticejection

murmur

and

a

loud

aortic

second

sound.心脏可出现左室肥大，主动脉喷射性杂音，主动脉瓣第二音亢进。来自梁平教授56.stethoscope['steθəskəʊp]听诊器steth/o(chest)

-scope(instrument

for

examination)Fetal

heart

tones

can

usually

be

heard

with

the

fetal

stethoscopeat

the

19th

weekof

gestation.19孕周时通常可用胎心听筒听到胎心音，偶尔在17孕周也能听到。来自梁平教授57.sphygmomanometer

[,sfɪgməʊmə'nɒmɪtə]

血压计sphygm/o(pulse)

-meter(measurement)Baseline

characteristics

were

similar

between

the

two

groups,

with

hypertension

beinghighlyprevalent—around

three-quarters

of

thePAD

patients

had

high

blood

pressure,

and

80%were

taking

antihypertensive

medications.

BP

measurements

were

based

on

an

average

ofthree

readings

taken

in

the

sitting

position

with

a

mercury

sphygmomanometer

by

a

trainednurse.两组的基线特征相似，高血压患病率高，约3/4的PAD患者有高血压，80%在服用降压药。BP测量值是受过培训的护士用水银血压计测定的3次坐位血压的均值。source:【medical-news】Impressive

antihypertensive

effect

with

flaxseed58.

electrocardiogram,

ECG

[ɪ,lɛktro'kɑrdɪoɡræm]心电图electr/o(electricity)

-gram(record)Theelectrocardiogram

is

a

very

importanttool

for

assessing

theabilityofthe

heartto

transmitthe

cardiac

impulse.心电图是评价心脏传导心脏冲动能力的一个很重要的工具。来自梁平教授59.

angiogram

[‘ændʒiə,ɡræm]血管造影片angi/o(vessel)Completion

angiographywas

done

with

CO2

in

all

patients

and

anadditionalangiogramwithiodinatedmediawasdonein13cases.所有患者均成功实施了CO2作为对比剂的血管造影术，其中13名患者还接受了碘化造影术。source:

J

VascSurg.

2008Sep;48(3):527-34.60.angioplasty[,ændʒɪo’plæsti]

血管成形术-plasty(surgical

repair)Results.

Weidentified5studiesthat

met

inclusioncriteria.

Nosignificant

reduction

in

restenosis

rates

was

observed

afterangioplasty

alone

with

steroids.结果：我们最终纳入了5项符合纳入标准的试验。单纯血管修补术结合类固醇治疗组未观察到显著降低的血管再狭窄率。source:

J

Invasive

Cardiol.

2012

Mar;24(3):98-103Terminology

Reviewnormal

sinus

rhythm

['saɪnəs]

['rɪðəm]

正常窦性心律arrhythmia

[ə'rɪθmɪə]心律不齐tachycardia

[,tækɪ‘kɑːdɪə]心动过速bradycardia

[brædɪ'kɑ:dɪə]心动过缓murmur

[’mɜːmə]心脏杂音stethoscope

['steθəskəʊp]听诊器sphygmomanometer

[,sfɪgməʊmə'nɒmɪtə]血压计electrocardiogram

[ɪ,lɛktro'kɑrdɪoɡræm]ECG心电图angiogram

[‘ændʒiə,ɡræm]

血管造影片angioplasty

[,ændʒɪo’plæsti]

血管成形术⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇

第七课61.coronary artery

angiography(CAG)[,ændʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]

冠状动脉血管造影术coron/o(heart)

-ary(pertaining

to)-graphy(process

of

recording)Detectionof

coronary

artery

disease

using

coronary

flow

velocityreserve

by

transthoracic

Doppler

echocardiography

versusmultidetector

computed

tomography

coronary

angiography:influence

ofcalcium

score.经胸多普勒超声心动图与多排CT冠状动脉造影冠状动脉血流储备检测冠状动脉病变：钙积分的影响。source:

J

Am

Soc

Echocardiogr.

2014

Jul;27(7):775-85.62.

angiogenesis

[,ændʒio'dʒɛnɪsɪs]

血管再生术-genesis(producing,

forming)Past

research

has

mainly

focused

on

identifying

single

moleculartargets

for

angiogenesis

inhibitors.以往的研究主要集中在识别血管生成抑制剂单一分子靶点。source:

American

Association

for

Cancer

Research.ScienceDaily./releases/2011/11/111113190530.htm

(accessed

July25,2018).63.

ventricular

fibrillation[ˌfɪbrɪ'leɪʃən]心室颤动A

10

years

review

ofthe

characteristics

ofin-hospital

ventricularfibrillation

victiminasinglecenter单中心住院室颤患者特征10年回顾。source:

Zhonghua

Nei

Ke

Za

Zhi.

2009

Mar;48(3):201-4.64.atrialfibrillation

[ˌfɪbrɪ'leɪʃən]

心房颤动Lone

atrial

fibrillation:

electrophysiology,

risk

factors,

catheterablation

and

other

non-pharmacologic

treatments.孤立性心房颤动：电生理、危险因素、导管消融和其他非药物治疗。source:

Curr

Pharm

Des.

2015;21(5):580-90.65.defibrillator[di:ˈfɪbrɪleɪtə(r)]除颤仪The

implantable

cardioverter–defibrillator

(ICD)

is

highly

effectivein

reducing

mortality

among

patients

atriskfor

fatal

arrhythmias,but

inappropriate

ICD

activations

are

frequent,with

potentialadverse

effects.植入性心律转复除颤器(ICD))可有效减少致命性心律失常高风险患者的死亡率，但非适当放电治疗事件如果频繁发生，就可能带来潜在的不良事件。source:

N

Engl

J

Med.

2012

Dec

13;367(24):2275-83.66.defibrillation[,difɪbrɪ'leʃən]

去心脏纤颤Delayed

Time

to

Defibrillation

after

In-Hospital

Cardiac

Arrest住院期间心跳骤停后除颤时间延迟source:

N

Engl

J

Med.

2008

Jan

3;358(1):9-17.67.

catheter

ablation

['kæθɪtə][ə'bleɪʃ(ə)n]导管消融术Catheterablation

ofatrial

fibrillation

(AF)

is

now

an

importanttherapeutic

modality

for

patients

with

AF.心房颤动导管消融是房颤患者的一种重要治疗方式。source:Eur

Heart

J.

2014

Sep

21;35(36):2454-9.68.

cardiaccatheterization

[,kæθɪtərɪ'zeʃən]心导管插入-ation(process)Developingtools

to

measure

quality

in

congenital

catheterizationand

interventions:

the

congenital

cardiac

catheterization

project

onoutcomes

(C3PO).开发测量先天性导管插入术和介入治疗质量的工具：先天性心导管术结果（C3PO）。source:

Methodist

Debakey

Cardiovasc

J.

2014

Apr-Jun;10(2):63-7.69.

cannulation

[ˌkænjʊ‘leɪʃn]套管插入Evaluatethe

potential

placement

site

with

ultrasonography

beforeestablishing

a

sterile

field.Confirm

that

the

proposed

vein

is

patentbyensuring

thatit

is

compressible.

After

you

have

identified

anacceptable

site

for

cannulation,

you

will

need

an

assistant.消毒前先用超声探头评估可能的放置位置。确信目标静脉是可被压迫的并是开放的。在你确定一个可接受置管的位置后，你需要一名助手。source:

【NEJM】Ultrasound-Guided

Internal

Jugular

Vein

Cannulation70.decannulation

[dekænjʊ'leɪʃən]

拔除套管Given

the

risk

ofmorbidityand

mortality

associated

with

long-termplacement,it

is

imperative

that

decannulation

is

considered

oncetheindicationfortracheotomyplacementiscorrectedorresolved.鉴于与长期安置相关的发病率和死亡率，一旦气管切开安置的指示被纠正或解决，就必须考虑拔管。source:Curr

Opin

Otolaryngol

Head

Neck

Surg.

2015

Dec;23(6):485-90.Terminology

Reviewcoronary

arteryangiography(CAG)[,ændʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]冠状动脉血管造影术angiogenesis[,ændʒio‘dʒɛnɪsɪs]

血管再生术ventricular

fibrillation

心室颤动atrial

fibrillation

[ˌfɪbrɪ'leɪʃən]心房颤动defibrillator [di:ˈfɪbrɪleɪtə(r)]除颤仪defibrillation

[,difɪbrɪ'leʃən]

去心脏纤颤catheter

ablation ['kæθɪtə][ə'bleɪʃ(ə)n]

导管消融术cardiac

catheterization [,kæθɪtərɪ'zeʃən]

心导管插入cannulation [ˌkænjʊ'leɪʃn]套管插入decannulation

[dekænjʊ'leɪʃən]

拔除套管⼼⾎管系统⾼频词汇 第⼋课71.

systole

['sɪstəlɪ]

心脏收缩Systole

and

Diastole:

The

period

during

the

cardiac

cycle

whenthe

ventricles

are

contracting

is

called

systole,

and

the

period

ofrelaxationis

called

diastole.心缩期和心舒期：心周期中心室正在收缩的时期称为心缩期，而舒张的时期称为心舒期。来自梁平教授72.diastole[daɪ'æstəli]

心脏舒张期Systole

and

Diastole:the

period

during

the

cardiac

cycle

when

theventricles

are

contracting

is

called

systole,and

the

period

ofrelaxationis

called

diastole.心缩期和心舒期：心周期中心室正在收缩的时期称为心缩期，而舒张的时期称为心舒期。来自梁平教授73.

vasoconstriction

[,vezokən'strɪkʃən]血管收缩vaso-(

vessel)Postganglionic

adrenergic

fibers

of

the

autonomic

nervous

systemregulate

vasoconstriction,

apocrine

gland

secretions,

andcontractionofarrector

pili

muscles

ofhair

follicles.自主神经系统节后的肾上腺素能纤维调节血管收缩、顶泌汗腺分泌和毛囊立毛肌的收缩。来自梁平教授74.vasodilation[ˌveɪzoʊdaɪˈleɪʃn]血管舒张Septic

patients

initially

have

hemodynamic

chances

primarilyreflecting

vaso