商务英语入门第七章-外教社修订版

Chapter7人力资源管理HumanResourceManagement2021/6/271LectureOutlineWhatIsHumanResourceManagement?什么是人力资源管理？HumanResourcePlanning人力资源规划Recruitment招聘TrainingandDeveloping培训和培养Compensation报酬TheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources

评价人力资源的4C模式HowtoKeepEmployeesMotivated

如何保持员工的工作热情2021/6/272Lead-inactivitiesRole-playajobinterviewwithyourpartner.Supposethatyouaretheintervieweeandyourpartneristheinterviewer,trytoanswerthefollowingthreequestionswhicharecommonlyaskedinthejobinterview,andthenexchangetheroleswithyourpartner.2021/6/273Lead-inactivitiesQuestion1:Areyouwillingtoworkwithoutanyreward?Question2:Whatisyourbiggestweakness?Question3:Howlongdoyouplantoworkinourcompany?2021/6/274Lead-inactivitiesHowshouldyougiveanappropriateanswertoQuestion1?AdditionalInfo—

Infact,theimpliedmeaningunderlyingthisquestionisthattherecruitersjustwanttoknowhowthisjobappealstoyou.Therefore,thesalaryisnotthekeyproblem.Evenifyouwonthelotteryyesterday,youarestillwillingtoworkhere,whichisthemostimportant.Aslongasyoushowyourgreatenthusiasmforthejobandthecompany,it’senough!2021/6/275Lead-inactivitiesHowtohandleQuestion2?AdditionalInfo—Question2isadilemma.Ononehand,youcan’tanswerthisquestionwiththeword“No”becauseapersonwithoutweaknessesdoesn’texistatall.Ontheotherhand,ifyoutelltherecruitersyourbiggestweakness,youmaynotberecruited.2021/6/276Lead-inactivitiesHowtohandleQuestion2?AdditionalInfo—Hence,acleveranswershouldemphasizewhatyouhavelearnedfromyourpastexperiencesandwhatprogressyouhavemade.Forinstance,youwereonceinchargeofaprojectandyoulearnedhowtolistentoothers’advice.Neversaythatyoulackpatience,communicationskillsoranythinglikethat.2021/6/277Lead-inactivitiesHowtoanswerQuestion3properly?AdditionalInfo—Question3doesn’tseemdifficulttoanswer,buttheproblemisthatyoudon’twanttosaythatyou’llstayinthatcompanyforawholelife,orjuststaythereforashorttime.Whatyouneedatthismomentistorestructureyouranswer.Itwouldbesmarttofirsttelltherecruitersthereasonswhyyouwanttoworkhere,andthenmovetosuchtopicsashowthisjobappealstoyouandhowitstimulatesyourpotentials.2021/6/278Lead-inactivitiesHowtoanswerQuestion3properly?AdditionalInfo—Forexample,ifyouaresurethatthisjobcanmakeyouthriveinthecompany,acleveranswerwouldbe“aslongastheseattractionsexist,I’llkeepworkinghere.”2021/6/279WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?—Thehumanresourcemanagement(HRM)processisanongoingprocedurethattriestokeeptheorganizationsuppliedwiththerightpeopleintherightpositions.2021/6/2710WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?—HRMisbasedontheefficientutilizationofemployeestoachievetwomaingoalswithinacompany.AdditionalInfo2021/6/2711WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?AdditionalInfo—Thefirstistoeffectivelymakeuseofthetalentsandabilitiesofeachemployeetomeettheoperationalobjectivesthataretheultimateaimoftheorganization.—Alongwiththis,thepracticealsoseekstoensurethatindividualemployeesaresatisfiedwithboththeirworkingenvironmentandthecompensationandthebenefitsthattheyreceive.TwoMainGoals2021/6/2712WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?AdditionalInfo—Attimes,itisimpossibletoarriveatsolutionsthatareinlinewithboththeaimsoftheorganizationandthedesiresoftheemployee.—Whenthishappens,effectivemanagersarefacedwiththetaskoffindingaresolutionthatprotectstheinterestsofthecompany,butatthesametimeprovidesanacceptablelevelofsatisfactionoftheemployee.2021/6/2713WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?AdditionalInfo—Thisprocesscansometimestakeagreatdealofexpertiseonthepartofthehumanresourcepersonnel,butultimatelycanhelpestablishthebestsolutionforallconcernedparties.2021/6/2714WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?AdditionalInfo—HRMprocessisanongoingprocedurethattriestokeeptheorganizationsuppliedwiththerightpeopleintherightpositions.HRMProcess2021/6/2715WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?AdditionalInfo—Theprocessmainlyincludes:HumanresourceplanningRecruitmentScreening&selectionOn-boarding/OrientationTraining&developmentPerformanceappraisalPromotions,transfers,demotions,separations&CompensationHRMProcess2021/6/2716WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?HumanResourcePlanning—Humanresourceplanningisdesignedtoensurethatpersonnelneedswillbeconstantly&appropriatelymet.—Itisaccomplishedthroughtheanalysisofbothinternalfactorsincludingcurrentandexpectedskillneeds,vacancies,anddepartmentalexpansions&reductions,andfactorsintheenvironmentsuchasthelabormarket.2021/6/2717WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?Recruitment—Recruitmentisconcernedwithdevelopingapoolofjobcandidatesinlinewiththehumanresourceplan.—Candidatesareusuallylocatedthroughnewspaperandprofessionaljournaladvertisements,employmentagencies,wordofmouth,andvisitstocollegeanduniversitycampuses.2021/6/2718WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?Selection—Screening&selectioninvolvesusingapplicationforms,resumes,interviews,employmentandskillstests,andreferencecheckstoevaluateandscreenjobcandidatesforthemanagerswhowillultimatelyselectandhireacandidate.2021/6/2719WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?SocializationandOrientation—Socializationandorientationaredesignedtohelptheselectedindividualsfitsmoothlyintotheorganization.—Newcomersareintroducedtotheircolleagues,acquaintedwiththeirresponsibilities,andinformedabouttheorganization’sculture,policies,andexpectationsregardingemployeebehavior.2021/6/2720WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?TrainingandDevelopment—Traininganddevelopingarebothaimedatincreasingemployees’abilitiestocontributetoorganizationaleffectiveness.Trainingisdesignedtoimproveskillsinthepresentjob,developmentprogramsaredesignedtoprepareemployeesforpromotion.2021/6/2721WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?PerformanceAppraisal—Performanceappraisalcomparesanindividual’sjobperformancewithstandardsorobjectivesdevelopedfortheindividual’sposition.—Lowperformancemaypromptcorrectiveaction,suchasadditionaltraining,ademotion,orseparation,whilehighperformancemaymeritareward,suchasraise,bonus,orpromotion.2021/6/2722WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?Promotions,transfers,demotions,separations,andcompensation—Promotions,transfers,demotions,separations&compensationreflectanemployee’svaluetotheorganization.—Highperformersmayhavehigherincomesandbepromoted,whilelowperformersmaybedemoted,transferredtolessimportantpositions,orevenseparated.Anyoftheseoptionswill,inreturn,affecthumanresourceplanning.2021/6/2723WhatIsHumanResourceManagement?2021/6/2724—WhatactivitiesareincludedintheHRMprocess?—Humanresourceplanningisaccomplishedthroughanalysisofbothinternalfactorsandfactorsintheenvironment.Whatareincludedininternalfactorsandfactorsintheenvironmentrespectively?—Howdoesamanagerselectandhireajobcandidate?—Whatdoesthetermsocializationandorientationmean?—Whoconductsanemployee’sperformanceappraisal,theHRMdepartmentorhis/herimmediatesupervisor?QuestionsforDiscussionWhatIsHumanResourceManagement?2021/6/2725HumanResourcePlanning—HumanResourcePlanningreferstoclassicHRadministrativefunctions,andtheevaluationandidentificationofhumanresourcesrequirementsformeetingorganizationalgoals.—Italsorequiresanassessmentofanavailabilityofthequalifiedsourcesthatwillbeneeded.2021/6/2726HumanResourcePlanning—Toensuretheircompetitiveadvantageinthemarketplaceandanticipatestaffingneeds,organizationsmustimplementinnovativestrategiesdesignedtoenhancetheiremployeeretentionrateandrecruitfreshtalentintotheircompanies.2021/6/2727HumanResourcePlanningFourBasicAspects—First,planningforfutureneedsbydecidingnowhowmanypeoplewithwhatskillstheorganizationwillneed;—Second,planningforfuturebalancebycomparingthenumberofneededemployeeswiththenumberofpresentemployeeswhocanbeexpectedtostaywiththeorganization;2021/6/2728HumanResourcePlanningFourBasicAspects—Third,planningforrecruitingorlayingoffemployees;—Finally,planningforthedevelopmentofemployeestoensuretheorganizationhasasteadysupplyofexperiencedandcapablepersonnel.2021/6/2729HumanResourcePlanningThemanagersofahumanresourceprogramshouldconsidertwomajorfactors:—Theorganization’shumanresourceneeds.Internalgrowthmeansadditionalemployeesmustbehired,whileacquisitionsormergersmaymeantheorganizationwillneedtoplanforlayoffs.2021/6/2730HumanResourcePlanningThemanagersofahumanresourceprogramshouldconsidertwomajorfactors:—Theeconomicenvironmentofthefuture.Aboomingeconomymightencourageexpansionandthusincreasethedemandforemployees.However,thesameboomingeconomymayresultinlowunemployment,makingitharderandmoreexpensivetoattractqualifiedemployees.2021/6/2731HumanResourcePlanningGap?HRNeedsDemandSupply2021/6/27322021/6/2733HumanResourcePlanning—Theuseofcomputerstobuildandmaintaininformationaboutallemployeeshasenabledorganizationstobemuchmoreefficientintheirplanningofhumanresources.AdditionalInfo2021/6/2734HumanResourcePlanning—Intoday’scorporateenvironment,HRplanningisviewedasavaluablecomponentforaddingvaluetoanorganization.Bothemployeesandthecompanywilloftenrealizemanybenefitsofplanningoverthelong-run.AdditionalInfo2021/6/27352021/6/2736—Whatarethebasicaspectsinhumanresourceplanning?—Whatfactorsmustthemanagersofahumanresourceprogramconsider?QuestionsforDiscussionHumanResourcePlanning2021/6/2737Recruitment—Thepurposeofrecruitmentistoprovideagroupofcandidatesthatislargeenoughtoletmanagersselectthequalifiedemployeestheyneed.2021/6/2738RecruitmentRecruitmentPreparationJobanalysisJobdescriptionHiringspecification

2021/6/27392021/6/2740RecruitmentAdditionalInfoAnalysisofjobs&positionsSourcingofcandidatesScreening&selectionOn-boarding/Orientation

2021/6/2741RecruitmentAdditionalInfo2021/6/2742—HiringfromoutsideEducationalinstitutionsEmploymentagenciesJobadvertisementsBusinessrivalsRecruitmentSourcingRecruitment2021/6/2743—HiringfromwithinthroughpromotionortransferItissometimesmoredesirabletotransferexistingemployeestonewjobsorpromotethemtohigherpositionsbecausenoselectiontechniquescancomparewiththefirm’sknowledgeaboutitsownemployees.RecruitmentSourcingRecruitment2021/6/2744—Companiesmaysetupstandsincolleges&universitiestorecruitnewtalentforjobsrequiringagoodeducation&specialtrainingincertainfields.Formanylargecompanies,college&graduateschoolcampusesareamajorsourceofentry-level&newmanagerialhelp.CampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo2021/6/2745AdvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Companiescanselecttheright&talentedcandidatefromavastpoolofyoungapplicantswithinalimitedtime.Ontheotherhand,studentshavetheadvantageofgettingagoodjobaccordingtotheirqualificationlevelevenbeforethecompletionoftheiracademiccourseincollege.2021/6/2746AdvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—CompaniescanCampusrecruitmenthelpsinsavingtime&effortsofthecompanies.Itpreventstheoccurrenceofunusualexpendituresrelatedtorecruitmentprocesssuchasadvertisement,initialscreening,&finalselectionproceduresetc.Thisinturnturnstobeusefulinreducedmanpowereffort&time.2021/6/2747AdvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Anorganizationthrougheffectivecampusrecruitmentfindsanopportunitytoestablishalinkwiththenextbatchofstudents.Thisinturnpaveswaytoservethefuture&longtermrecruitmentneedsofthecompany.2021/6/2748AdvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Campusrecruitmenthelpsinincreasedselectionratio.Morenumberofqualitycandidatescanbeselectedthroughthisrecruitmentprocess.2021/6/2749AdvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Theorganizationscanbuiltupmorecompanyloyaltythroughcampusselectionprocess.Fresh&talentedgraduateswillworkmorecloselywiththeirfirstcompany.Hence,thisinawaywillincreasethebrandloyaltyamongdifferentapplicants.2021/6/2750DisadvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Campusrecruitmentisanexpensiveaffairformajorityofthecompaniesasitaddsupcoststothebottomline.Companiesincurdifferentexpensesrelatedtotravel,boarding,training,etcwhileconductingcampusselectionprocess.2021/6/2751DisadvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Theexperienced&skilledcandidateshavingpracticaljobexposurescannotberecruitedthroughcampusplacements.—Itisquitecommonforhiredgraduatestoleaveanorganizationaftertwoorthreeyears.2021/6/2752DisadvantagesofCampusRecruitmentRecruitmentAdditionalInfo—Freshcandidatesselectedthroughcampusplacementsrequireadequatetrainingforwork.Thisisanadditionalexpenseforthecompany.

—Studentscan’tworkwiththeirdreamcompanyandwillhavetoremainsatisfiedwiththecompanythatrecruitsthemduringcampusselection.2021/6/2753—Whatmustrecruitersdobeforerecruitment?—Bywhatsourcescanprospectiveemployeesbeacquiredfromoutsideaccordingtothissection?—Whyisitsaidthatthecampusrecruitingprocesscanbequiteexpensive?—Howwouldyoucommentonrecruitingfromwithin?

QuestionsforDiscussionRecruitment2021/6/2754—HumanTraining&developmentarebothaimedatincreasingemployees’abilitytocontributetoorganizationaleffectiveness.TrainingandDeveloping2021/6/27552021/6/2756—Trainingisdesignedtoimproveskillsinthepresentjob.TrainingandDeveloping2021/6/27572021/6/2758—Developmentprogramsaredesignedtoprepareemployeesforpromotion.TrainingandDeveloping2021/6/2759—On-the-jobmethod—Off-the-jobmethod—ManagementdevelopmentprogramsMethodsofTrainingTrainingandDeveloping2021/6/27602021/6/2761—Howcanmanagersidentifythetrainingneedsofindividualsintheirorganization?—Whatarethemostcommonmethodsoftraininganddevelopmentmentionedinthispart?—Whatactivitiesdomanagementdevelopmentprogramsusuallyinvolve?QuestionsforDiscussionTrainingandDeveloping2021/6/2762—IfafirmhasdoneagoodjobinHRM,mostoftheemployeesshouldbeadequatelytrained,welldeveloped&highlymotivated.—Thefirmshouldcompensatethemwithequitable&competitivewages&salaries,fringebenefits&otherformsofreward.Compensation2021/6/2763Compensation2021/6/2764—WagesandSalariesarethemonetaryformofcompensationgiventoafirm’semployeesfortheircontributions.WagesandSalariesCompensation2021/6/2765—Tohaveemployeesworkharderandbecomemoreproductive,incentiveprogramsofallsortshavebeenadoptedtolinkabove-normalperformancewithadditionalincomeorrewards.IncentiveProgramsCompensation2021/6/27662021/6/2767—Differentfromwages,salaries&incentiveprogramswhicharedirectlylinkedwiththejobsdone,fringebenefitsarenotdirectlyrelatedwithworkperformance,butgivenasaresultofemployment.FringeBenefitsCompensation2021/6/27682021/6/2769—Whichfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenafirmsetsitswageandsalaryschedules?—Whyareincentiveprogramsofallsortsgiventotheemployeesasapartofcompensation?—Whatdoestheterm“fringebenefits”referto?QuestionsforDiscussionCompensation2021/6/2770TheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResourcesCompetenceCommitmentCongruenceCostEffectiveness2021/6/2771CompetenceTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Competenceistheabilityofanindividualtodoajobproperly.Howcompetentareemployeesintheirwork?Dotheyneedadditionaltraining?TowhatextentdoHRMpoliciesattract,keep,anddevelopemployeeswithskillsandknowledgeneedednowandinthefuture?2021/6/2772CompetenceTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Highcompetencemeansthatemployeesareversatileintheirskillsandcantakeonnewroles&jobsasneeded.Theyarebetterabletorespondtochangesinenvironmentaldemands.2021/6/2773CommitmentTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Commitmentisthelevelofconnectionthatemployeesfeeltowardtheorganization.Theyfeeltheyfitinwiththeorganizationandarekeentocarryonworkingforit.2021/6/27742021/6/2775CommitmentTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Howcommittedareemployeestotheirworkandorganization?—TowhatextentdoHRMpoliciesenhancethecommitmentofemployeestotheirworkandorganization?2021/6/27762021/6/2777CommitmentTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Highcommitmentmeansbettercommunicationbetweenemployees&managers.Mutualtrustisenhanced,andallstakeholdersareresponsivetooneanother’sneeds&concernswheneverchangesinenvironmentaldemandsoccur.2021/6/2778CongruenceTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Congruencereferstotheagreementbetweenthebasicphilosophyandgoalsofcompanyanditsemployees.—WhatlevelofcongruencebetweenmanagementandemployeesdoHRMpoliciesandpracticesenhanceorretain?2021/6/2779CongruenceTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—Highercongruencemeansthatallstakeholdersshareacommonpurposeandcollaborateinsolvingproblemsbroughtaboutbychangesinenvironmentaldemands.Thiscapacitytocollaborateiscrucialinanever-changingenvironment.2021/6/2780CostEffectivenessTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—CostEffectivenessissomethingthatisagoodvalue,wherethebenefitsandusageareworthatleastwhatispaidforthem.—AreHRMpoliciescost-effectiveintermsofwages,benefits,turnover,absenteeism,strikes,andsimilarfactors?2021/6/2781QuestionsforDiscussionTheFourC’sModelforEvaluatingHumanResources—CanyoubrieflyintroducethefourC’smodelforevaluatingtheeffectivenessofHRM?—HowcanthefourC’smodelhelpanorganizationwithitshumanresourcemanagement?2021/6/2782HowtoKeepEmployeesMotivated—Inabusinesscontext,motivationreferstothestimulusthatdirectsthebehaviorofworkerstowardthecompanygoals.—Inordertomotivateworkerstoachievecompanygoals,managersmustbeawareoftheirneeds.2021/6/2783Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAdditionalInfo—Maslow’shierarchyofneedsisatheoryinpsychologyproposedbyAbrahamMaslowinhis1943paper“ATheoryofHumanMotivation”.—MaslowusedthetermsPhysiological,Safety,Belong

andLove,Esteem,

andSelf-Actualizationneedstodescribethepatternthathumanmotivationsgenerallymovethrough.HowtoKeepEmployeesMotivated2021/6/2784Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAdditionalInfo—Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsarguesthatwhilepeopleaimtomeetbasicneeds,theyseektomeetsuccessivelyhigherneedsintheformofahierarchy.HowtoKeepEmployeesMotivated2021/6/27852021/6/2786—Workerswillbemotivatedtoachieveorganizationalgoalsbys