《现代大学英语精读1》第1课Half-a-Day

HalfaDay

Naguib

MahfousSep.2008NaguibMahfouz

—Education&Background

Personaldata:11thDec.1911;anoldquarterofCairo;theyoungestsonofamerchant;studiedphilosophyatUniversity(--1934)Hiswork:universityadministration(1939)heworkedfortheMinistryofIslamicAffairs.HeadoftheStateCinemaOrganizationattheMinistryofCulture(文化部）.ajournalist（记者）.

NaguibMahfouz

——importantworksWroteshortstoriesandhistoricalnovelsbeforeWWIITurnedtowritenovelsofsocialrealismafterWWIILaterworkscombinedrealism&symbolism

Aprolificwriter:nofewerthan30novels,morethan100shortstories,andmorethan

200articles.

TheCairoTrilogy

(published1955-1957)

AtaleofthelivesofaMuslimfamilyandspans（跨过）thefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.EachbookinthetrilogywasnamedafterasuburbofCairo.Thefirst,PalaceWalkwassetduringtheBritishoccupationofEgyptearlyinthecentury.Thesecond,PalaceofDesirecoveredthechangingtimesofthe1920s.Thethirdbook,SugarStreetbringsthefamilyintothemid20thcentury.NaguibMahfouz

——howhepicturestheworld

Thepictureoftheworldasitemerges（出现）fromthebulk(大量）ofMahfouz’sworkisverygloomy（暗淡的；阴沉的；令人沮丧的）indeed,thoughnotcompletelydisappointing. Mahfouzseemstoconceiveof（构思；想象）

timeasaforceofoppression.Hisnovelshaveconsistentlyshowntimeasthecarrierofchange,andchangeasaverypainfulprocess.

NaguibMahfouz

——howhepicturestheworld

Tosumup,inMahfouz’sdarkdescriptionoftheworldthereareonlytwobrightpoints.Theseconsistofman'scontinuingstruggleforequalityontheonehandandthepromiseofscientificprogressontheother;meanwhile,lifeisatragedy.

LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase1.Iwalkedalongsidemyfather,clutchinghisrighthand. alongside:sidebyside,nextto

clutchinghisrighthand:presentparticipleasadverbialmodifierlistotherexamplesfromthetext:

Mymotherstoodatthewindowwatchingourprogress……...LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase2.Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime.Whatdoes“they”referto?

Whatdoesthenarratorimplybyusing“tobethrownintoschool”?

ButIwasn’thappyasIusuallywaswhenIhadnewclothestowearbecauseitwasthedayIstartedschool.(Commentonthisparaphrase)Lesson1–HalfaDay

Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime.“As”introducesanadverbialclauseofreason.Nounphraseusu.followedbyarelativeclauseisusedasanadverbialoftime.Butmynewclothesdidnotbringanyhappinesstome,becauseitwasthedayIwasforcedtogotoschoolforthefirsttime.Betodosth:futuretenseindicatingintentionorplanLanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphraseLanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase3.Mymotherstoodatthewindowwatchingourprogress,andIturnedtowardsherfromtimetotime,hopingshewouldhelp.Whatdoes“progress”meanhere?Whatkindofhelpcouldhismotheroffer?Whatdoesthesentencetellusabouttheboy’srelationshipswithhisparents?Slowanddifficultmovementtowardstheschool.LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase4.Wewalkedalongastreetlinedwithgardens…

astreetwheretherearegardens…alongbothsides

linedwith

…:pastparticiplephraseusedheretomodify“astreet”.Itcanberegardedasarelativeclausecutshort,eg.anovel(thatwas)writtenbyCharlesDickenspersonalcomputers(thatare)madeinChinaLanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase5.“Whyschool?”Iaskedmyfather.“WhathaveIdone?”ellipticalquestion&rhetoricalquestion(Onesuggestsmorethanissaid)Pleasegivemoreexamples.“WhydoIhavetogotoschool?Idon’tthinkI’vedoneanythingwrongtobepunishedlikethis.”LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphraseellipticalquestion&rhetoricalquestionA:Headmaster:Wewantyoutogoandtelltheboy’sparentsthenews.B:Teacher:Whyme?Father:We’llgotoTianjinthisweekend. Daughter:Whatfor?/Whythisweekend?/WhyTianjin?Don’tyouwanttobeusefullikeyourbrothers?Can’tyouseeI’mbusy?(Don’tdisturbme!)Whatgoodisapromiseforanunemployedworker?Doesnothingeverworryyou?LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase6.Ididnotbelievetherewasreallyanygoodtobehadintearingmeawayfrommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding.Thereisnogoodtobehadindoingsth.Itisnogood/usedoingsth.Ididn’tthinkitwasusefultotakemeawayfromhomeandputmeintothatbuildingwithhighwalls.LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase7.…wecouldseethecourtyard,vastandfullofboysandgirls.

vastandfullofboysandgirls:adjectivephraseasanattributivemodifierMoreexamples:

There’snothingwrongwiththecomputer. Canyourecommendsomebookseasyforfreshmentoread?LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase8.Youwillfindmewaitingforyouwhenit’stimetoleave.

I’llcometofetchyouwhenschoolisover.I’llbewaitingforyouhereatthegate.

“waitingforyou”asobjectcomplement

find+obj+v-ingeg.

Theyfoundthelostchild______inthecave.

WordStudyuniform

adj.thesame;notvaryinginform,quality,etc.

thingsofuniformweight

相同重量的东西

n.dresswornbyallmembersofanorganization

Helookshandsomeinuniform.WordStudyclutch

V.

totakeortrytotakeholdofsomethingtightly,usuallyinfear,anxietyorpain:Silentandpale,sheclutched(onto)hermother'shand.Clutchingthemoneytohischest,hehurriedtothebank.n.

1.asmallgroupofeggsproducedbythesamebird,especiallyinanest 2.asmallgroupofpeopleorthings:afreshclutchofstudentsWordStudyline

N.

alongthelinesofsth(ALSOalongthoselines)similarintype:IwasthinkingofdoingamealalongthelinesofthatdinnerIdidforAnnieandDave.beinlinewithsthtobesimilarto,oratthesamelevelassomething:Thecompany'sresultsareinlinewithstockmarketexpectations.beinlinetodosthtohaveaverygoodchanceofdoingsomething:KimBaileyisnextinlinetoreplaceChrisFinlayasmanagingdirector.N.thekindofjobsomeonedoes:"Whatlineofworkareyouin?""I'mateacher."inthelineofdutySomethingwhichhappenstoyouinthelineofdutyhappenswhenyouaredoingyourjob:Thisyearaloneeightpoliceofficershavebeenkilledinthelineofduty.WordStudyconvinceconvincesbofsth/that…

makesbfeelcertainIcouldn’t~himofhismistake.Iamconvincedofhishonesty.

aconvincingargumentWordStudytear

Howdoyouexplaintearasanoun?n.

adropofsaltyliquidwhichflowsfromtheeye,asaresultofstrongemotion,especiallyunhappiness,orpain:tearsofremorse/regret/happiness/joy/laughterV.

topullorbepulledapart,ortopullpiecesoff:tearyourhairouttearsb'sheartoutPleasefindoutthemeaningofthetwophrasestearyourhairoutIfyoutearyourhairoutoveraproblem,youarefeelingalotofanxietyoverit:She'sbeentearingherhairoutoverthefinalchapterofhernovelforthelastmonth.tearsb'sheartouttomakesomeoneverysad:Thethoughtofthosepoor,hungrychildrenistearingmyheartout.WordStudycling

v.(clung,clung)tostickontoorholdsomethingorsomeonetightly,ortorefusetostopholdingthem:Wegotsowetthatourclothesclungtous.Theyclungtogetherinterrorasthescreamsgrewlouder.clingtosthphrasalverbtorefusetostopbelievingorhopingforsomething:Sheclingstothehopethatherhusbandwillcomebacktoher.cling(on)to

sthphrasalverbtotryveryhardtokeepsomething:Heclungontopowerforanothertenyears.Clinging/clingyadj.1)stickingtothebodyshowingitsshape2)toodependantonanotherpersonLanguageUnderstanding

——phrasestomakesb./sth.(out)ofsb./sth.

It’saplacethatmakesusefulmenoutofboys. (makeboysbecomeusefulmen)

eg.

经历把他磨练成男子汉。

Experiencehasmadehimaman.Thearmymadeamanofhim.

LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasesThereisnogoodtobehadindoingsth.Itisnogood/usedoingsth.Thereisnogoodtobehadinbuyingaboatwhenyoudon’thaveenoughsparetimetouseit.It’snogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.Itisworthdoingwellwhatisworthdoing.LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasesitisno(notmuch)good itisno(notany,hardlyany,little)use itisuselessitisnottheslightestuseitisworth(worthwhile)thereisno(nogood,nouse)Thereisnodenyingthatwomenareplayinganimportantroleintheworldtoday.+doingLanguageUnderstanding

——phrasestotearsb.awayfromaplaceto(makesb.)leaveaplaceorapersonunwillinglybecauseonehastoeg.

Can’tyoutearyourselfawayfromtheTVfordinner? Ifoundtheprogramabsolutelyfascinating.Icouldn’ttearmyselfaway—eventofinishanurgente-mail.LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasestoclingtosth.toholdtightly;notreleaseone’sgrip(atighthold)on

eg.

Thelittlechildclungtohismotherforcomfort. Shestillclingstothebeliefthathersonisalive.

小猴子紧紧偎着它妈妈。

Thebabymonkeyclungtoitsmother.Review:LanguageinPartIWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarClutchUniformconvincethrowintomakeoutoftearfromclingtoTheday+thatclauseThereisno/anygoodindoingIwastobethrownintoclutchinghisrighthandstreetlinedwithgardensTextAppreciation-PartI

forgroupdiscussion

Readthefollowingsuggestionsmadebythefather.Whichonesdoyouagreewithandwhichonesnot?Haveyoueverbeengivensomesuggestionsbyyourparentswhenenteringtheuniversity?Listthemout.Schoolisaplacethatmakesusefulmenoutofboys.Don’tyouwanttobeusefullikeyourbrothers?Putasmileonyourfaceandbeagoodexampletoothers.Beaman.Todayyoutrulybeginlife._____________________________________________

Paragraph6:

byoneself,onone’sown,aloneonlyoneperson;

putasmileonone’sface–makeanefforttosmile;

beagoodexampletosb,

setupagoodexample,

beamodel.Paragraph7paraphrasingOriginalsentence:‘Todayyou…….leave.’Paraphrased:‘Yourlifebeginstoday’whichmeans‘Yourcarefreedaysaregoneforever.Startingfromtoday,you’vegotsomethingimportanttodo---tolearnandtoprepareyourselfforyourcareer.’Paragraph7paraphrasingOriginal‘Youwillfindmewaitingforyouwhenitistimetoleave’Paraphrased‘Iwillcometofetchyouwhenschoolisover.Iwillbewaitingforyouhereatthegate’.PartII:MainIdeasHowmanypeoplearementionedinthispart?Howmanysubjectsdidtheboylearnonthatday?Canyoudescribethedifferentstagesofhisdayatschool?Dothesechangescarryanysymbolicmeaningtoyou?Howdoyouunderstand“therearefathersandmothershere”(para.12)and“Imademanyfriendsandfellinlovewithmanygirls”(para.13)?MainIdeaThen…But…Atfirst…ReluctantFrightenedAstrangerImprisonedConfusedAtalossOverwhelmedJoyfulEnjoyableBeneficialSocializingLearningFriendshipLoveSweetUncloudedRivalriesPainHatredPunishmentExertionPerseveranceLanguageandDetailsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarmisgivingperseverance

comeintoviewburstintoamatteroffoolaroundbringaboutgiverisetoresorttotakeadvantageofTherewasnoquestionofdoingNothingbutIhadneverimaginedschoolwouldhave…ShewouldoftenyellandscoldPartIIIWordStudydaze

V.makesbfeelstupidorunabletothinkclearly使茫然Ifsomeonegaveyouaheavyblowonthehead,youwouldprobablyfeel~d.dazzle

使眼花；使目眩dazzlingdazzlingsunshineWordStudyexertexerton/upon发挥；运用

exertpressureonsbexertallone’sstrength/influencetodosth打工对大学生的个性培养和今后生活都具有深远的影响。

Forcollegestudentstodoapart-timejobwillexertaprofoundinfluenceontheirpersonalityandlife.exertoneself:

makeaneffort

exertoneselftoarriveearlyWordStudy

intricateanintricateplot情节复杂,错综复杂的情节complexcomplicatedsophisticatedWordStudylift:raisesthtoahigherlevelorpositionliftarticlesinashopshopliftelevator(America):box-likeapparatusinabuildingfortakingpeopleupordowntoanotherfloorWordStudy

observe

observetrafficrules遵守规则

observeaperson'sbirthday

庆祝某人的生日observant

anobservantboyobservantoftherulesobservatory天文台WordStudyoverlook:

1.haveaviewofsthfromabove从小山上的房子可以俯视村庄。Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevillage.2.failtoseeornotice;paynoattentionto你忽略了这个工作中的几个错误。

Youhaveoverlookedseveralofthemistakesinthiswork.WordStudyrank:

n.1.lineofpeopleorthingsataxirank一列出租车

2.positionorclasspeopleofallranks各阶层人民

amanofrank有地位的人

v.

Thistownrankshighamongbeautyspots.

这城市在风景区中享有盛名。

cupsrankedneatlyontheshelf

杯子整齐地排列在架子上WordStudyvary:bedifferentTheyvaryinpricefromtentofiftyyuan.varyvariousvariedvarietyvariationinvariousinvariouslyLanguageUnderstanding

——phrasesburstinto(tears,sobs;laughter,aguffaw[狂笑],song)

begin,suddenlyand/orviolently,tocry,laugh,singetc.eg.

burstintotears

放声大哭

burstintotheroom

闯入房间

LanguageUnderstanding

——phrases

Theaircraftturnedonitsbackandburstintoflames.

Theorchards[果园,果树]seemedtohaveburstintoblossomovernight.

Imentionedtheincidentlatertoafriendandheburstoutlaughing/crying.LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasessortpeopleintoranks

put...inorder;arrangecf.

我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。

Isortedthebooksintobigonesandsmallones."请把这些文件整理一下,用夹子夹在一起。""Sortoutthesepapersandfastenthemtogetherwithaclip,please."

LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasestoresortto

tomakeuseof;toturntosth.(esp.sth.bad)asasolutioneg.

我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。

I'msorryyouhaveresortedtodeception.

诉诸武力

toresorttoforce

LanguageUnderstanding

——phrasestopresentoneself

toappear,happeneg.

WhenthechancetostudyatHarvardpresenteditself,Ijumpedatit. Hewasorderedtopresenthimselfatthechairman’sofficeatnineo’clocknextmorning.LanguageUnderstanding

——phrases

GuessthewordmeaningTheyunwrappedtheirChristmaspresents.Hiswifepresentedhimwithabrand-newbabygirl.Hissuddenresignationpresentsuswithatrickysituation.TheNationalTheatreispresenting“KingLear”nextmonth.Itwasunfairtodiscusshiscaseifhewasn’tpresent.Assignment:wordstudy

Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions.Thechangeofairisparticularlybeneficial_______herhealth.Heisnowconvinced______thetruthofthereport.Pleasedonotbeirritated_______hisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.Theoldwomanisunbearablycurious_______otherpeople’sbusiness.toofbyaboutWordstudy ——prefixes

Fillintheblankswithproperwordshavingtherequiredprefix.Afterclass,studysuchwordsasmuchaspossible.mis-=wrong(ly),bad(ly),ill (misgiving…)1.

Theirresponsible

ofadrunkendriverresultedinanaccident.2.___________nevercomesingly.3.Ilikeyourplaninprinciple;myonly______

isthatitmaytaketoolongtocarryout.4.Howcanweclearupthe____________betweenthetwofamilies?misbehaviorMisfortunesmisgivingmisunderstandingWordstudy ——prefixes

Fillintheblankswithproperwordshavingtherequiredprefix.Afterclass,studysuchwordsasmuchaspossible.over-=above,across,beyond(overlook,…)1.Thefirewascompletely

bydaybreak.2.Waterfromthekitchensink

ontothefloor.3.Ourgardenis

fromtheneighbor’swindows.4.Well,I’ll

itthistime;butdon’tdoitagain.overcomeoverflowedoverlookedoverlookWordstudy ——prefixes

Fillintheblankswithproperwordshavingtherequiredprefix.Afterclass,studysuchwordsasmuchaspossible.var(i)=diverse,tochange

(vary,variation,various,variety,...)1.Featuressuchasheight,weight,andskincolor____fromindividualtoindividualandfromfacetoface.2.Theweathermanbroadcaststhe________intemperaturetwiceaday.3.Theremarkable_______oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.varyvariationvarietyLanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase10.Themenbegansortingusintoranks.

Themenbeganarrangingusintolines/rows.LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase11.Wewereformedintoanintricatepatterninthegreatcourtyard.Weweremadetostandindifferentplacestoformregularlinesorshapesinthebigcourtyard.LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase12.…fromeachfloorwewereoverlookedbyalongbalconyroofedinwood.…ononesideofthecourtyardwasabuildingwithalongwood-roofedbalconyoneachfloorwherewecouldbeseen.Or…fromthebalconyoneachfloorofthebuildingpeoplecouldseethepatternintowhichweformed.LanguageUnderstanding

——sentenceparaphrase13.Well,itseemedthatmymisgivingshadhadnobasis.Well,perhapsmydoubt,worryandfearaboutwhatschoolwouldbelikewereallgroun