【知识精研】中考英语复习题型专项复习02-阅读选择课件

中考题型专项复习02阅读选择命题分析

中考英语阅读理解主要考査学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力以及对阅读策略的掌握情况。阅读理解共四篇，内容涉及经济、文化、科技、生活等诸多领城;体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文以及各种应用文。中考阅读理解的题型主要包括细节理解题，推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题以及文章结构题。答题技巧技巧一：细节理解题试题呈现方式：1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NOTtrue)?2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned(未提及)?3.Fromthefirst...paragraphweknowthat___4....includesthefollowingEXCEPT（除了）____答题技巧技巧一：细节理解题答题技巧：1.阅读题干，划出关键词；定位原文（定位句子在文章中的位置），2.分析原文及选项（配对选项与原文句子意思是否相符），得出答案。注意正确答案呈现方式(1)同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换：如把die换成了loseone’slife。(2)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。(3)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为错误选项。答题技巧干扰选项的特点颠倒是非---与原文内容相反（在原句加了not、hardly、never等词）；正误并存---与原文内容一半相符，一半不同;叙述过于绝对化---选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如:every、must、never、themost、all、only、haveto、、no，等。但不是绝对，也有例外。无中生有---原文没有提及；张冠李戴；偷梁换柱---注意选项中的副词、形容词等与原文是否一致。如:must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,all,never,few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。技巧一：细节理解题试题演练ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.1．WhydidZhuDiwantZhengHetosailtomanydifferentcountries?A．Tolearnmoreabouttheworld.B．TobringnewcountriesunderthecontrolofChina.C．Toshowothercountrieshispower.D．BothAandC．2．WhatdoweknowaboutZhengHefromthepassage?A．HetravelledtoIndiaandAfrica.B．Eachtriplastedsixyears.C．Whenhedied,hewas72yearsold.D．Hewasagreatking.试题演练ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.1．WhydidZhuDiwantZhengHetosailtomanydifferentcountries?A．Tolearnmoreabouttheworld.B．TobringnewcountriesunderthecontrolofChina.C．Toshowothercountrieshispower.D．BothAandC．无中生有细节理解题√ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.2．WhatdoweknowaboutZhengHefromthepassage?A．HewentonatriptoIndiaandAfrica.B．Eachtriplastedsixyears.C．Whenhedied,hewas72yearsold.D．Hewasagreatking.travelto=goonatripto...同义词替换细节理解题√×1433-1371=62××答题技巧技巧二：推理判断题试题呈现方式：1.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage/thelastparagraph?2.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputintotheblank“

★”?4.What'sthewriter'sopinionaboutgenesandenvironment?5.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?6.Wheremaythepassagecomefrom?7.Whowouldtheauthorwritethepassagemainlyfor?答题技巧技巧二：推理判断题

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，包括细节隐含意义、语义逻辑、作者态度、作者意图、文章出处、读者身份等的推断，切忌脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断。答题技巧：1.不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案；2.抓住特定关键信息进行推理；3.根据主旨大意进行归纳、推理、判断；4.运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断。注意干扰选项：1.推理过度的片面结论；2.与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论(半真半假)；3.符合常识，但文章中没有信息支持。试题演练22-year-oldZhouGuanyuisdrivingintotherecordbooksbybecomingthefirstChinesedriverinF1history.AlfaRomeoRacingOrlensaidthatZhoujoinedtheteamasaracedriverforthe2022season.Zhoustartedracingattheageof8whenhejoinedinkart(卡丁车)races.HemovedtotheUKlaterforabetterracingenvironment.HewasamemberoftheFerrariDriverAcademyfrom2015to2018.“BecominganF1driverhasalwaysbeenmydream,andI’msogladthatithascometrueatlast.Iwanttothankallmyfans.Thankyouforfollowingmyracesandsupporting(支持)me,”Zhousaid.“I’mlookingforwardtotheopeningraceofthenextFlseason.Iwillkeepworking.AndIwilllearnfrommyfriend,ValtteriBottas.Ihopeyoucanalwayssupportmeandfollowmyfirstseason.”FredericVasseur,TeammanageratAlfaRomeoRacingOrlen,isconfidentinZhou’sfutureinF1.He

hopesthathavingZhouasamemberwillhelpattractmoreChinesefanstofollowtheteam.“ZhouGuanyuisaveryexcellentdriver.WearelookingforwardtohelpinghistalentdevelopevenmoreinF1,”saidVasseur.1．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．People. B．Science. C．Travel. D．Health.本文主要介绍了赛车手周冠宇，故在报纸的“人物”版块上能看到此文章。故选A。推断题Thereare24solarterms(节气)inChina.Twoofthemhavetodowithrain,RainWaterandGrainRain.RainWaterthisyearisonFeb19th.Fromitsname,wecanguessitmeansatimeofmorerain.Soyoumayneedtobringanumbrellawhenyougoout,oryoumaygetwet.AfterRainWater,theweathergetswarmer,thetreeandgrassturngreen.Butwe’dbetterkeepwarmandnottakeoffthethickcoatstooearly.GrainRainisonApril19thin2024.ThissolartermiscalledGrainRainbecauserainhelpsthegraingrowfasterandstronger.Itbringsfarmershopeforagoodyear,thefarmersalwayssay,“

★”Peoplealsohavespecialactivitiesatthistime.InNorthChina,peoplehavethetraditiontoeattoonawitheggs.ThedishmadeinthetimeofGrainRaintastesdeliciousandisgoodforthestomachandskin.InSouthChina,peopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisgoodfortheeyes.Itisalsosaiddrinkingteaonthisdaywouldkeepawayfrombadluck.2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputintotheblank“

★”?A．Runningwaternevergetsbad. B．Lifeisassweetashoney.C．Springrainisaspreciousasoil.D．Wintersnowisaspreciousasjade.根据上文“GrainRainisonApril19thin2024.ThissolartermiscalledGrainRainbecauserainhelpsthegraingrowfasterandstronger.Itbringsfarmershopeforagoodyear,thefarmersalwayssay”可知，此处与雨水可以帮助谷物长得更快更强壮有关，所以C项“春雨贵如油。”符合。故选C试题演练推断题答题技巧技巧三：词义猜测题试题呈现方式：1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”(inParagraphX)mean?2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it/they/that/others”

inParagraphXreferto?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence(inParagraphX)mean？答题技巧

根据上下文(语境)猜测词义。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。1.根据反义关系猜词2.根据同义关系猜词3.根据定义或释义猜词4.根据例举猜词although,but,howeverandforexample,suchas…5.根据因果关系猜词so,because…6.根据构词法来猜词thatis…,定语从句技巧三：词义猜测题答题技巧：否定前缀或后缀，词根等等试题演练Beforemyfirstskydiving(跳伞),Iwasalittleafraid.Butmyclassmatespersuaded(说服)metodoit.Luckily,Ihadthechancetodoitwiththem.Itwasfuntojumptogether.Itwasanicesunnydaywhenwewenttoskydive.Wetooka6-hourcourseandwerereadytosubdue(征服)thesky.Unluckily,theweatherchanged.Itbegantorain.Wehadtowaituntilthenextweekend.Wewerereallyexcited.However,whenthenextweekendcame,wefinallydidit.Wow,itwasexciting!Icouldn’texpressallthefeelingsoffreeflight.Iwashappy,frightened,excited,andsatisfied.Allofthesefeelingshappenedatthesametime.IcouldseetheearthbelowmeasIflewlikeabirdwithmyparachute.Thelastcoupleofseconds,IrealizedIcouldnotlandthegroundbecauserightundermetherewasatree!Ididn’thavetimetothinkaboutit.Ilandedinthetree,butitwasasmoothlanding.Igotalotofhelpfrommyclassmates.Ihaveneverforgottenthisspecialexperience.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parachute”meaninChinese?A．饮料

B．降落伞

C．数码相机

D．飞行器根据第3段“IcouldseetheearthbelowmeasIflewlikeabirdwithmyparachute.”可知，我像鸟一样飞是带着降落伞的。故选B。词义猜测题试题演练猜测题InSingapore,manymiddleschoolstudentsspendalotoftimeonstudy.Goodeducationisoftenlikeatickettosuccessintheirfuture.Asaresult,manyofthesestudentstrytheirbesttogetagoodscoreintheirexams.Theyhavealotofhomeworkeveryday.Butstudentsareespeciallyafraidofexams,they

areabigheadacheforthem.Sometimessomeofthemareevenmadetogotoremedialclassesafterschool.Therearealsoseveralprogrammesmadebyschoolduringoutsideschoolhours.Thestudentscantakepartinsportsandgames,musicanddance,hikingandrock-climbing,andsoon.Theyarealsoveryactiveincommunityservice.Intheirsparetime,moststudentsliketolistentopopmusic.Hollywoodblockbusters,HongKongandSingaporemoviesareverypopularamongthem.TheyunderstandITverywell.SomeofthemalsospendtheirfreetimesurfingtheInternet,e-mailingtheirfriends,playingcomputerandvideogames.Theysometimesgotocafes,fast-foodrestaurants,shoppingcentersandbigbookstores.SoitseemsthelifeasamiddleschoolstudentinSingaporeisnoteasybutrichandcolorful.Inparagraph2,theunderlinedword“they”referto_________.A.examB.classesC.students D.activities根据“Asaresult,manyofthesestudentstrytheirbesttogetagoodscoreintheirexams.Theyhavealotofhomeworkeveryday.Butstudentsareespeciallyafraidofexams,theyareabigheadacheforthem.”可知，在第二段中，带下划线的单词“they”指的是考试。故选A。答题技巧技巧四：主旨大意题试题呈现方式：1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraphX?2.What'sthemainideaofthepassageX?3.WhatdoesParagraphXmainlytalkabout?4.WhatisthepassageXmainlyabout?5.What/Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?答题技巧1.主题句位于段首:主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作形式。这种段落称作演绎型段落。2.主题句位于段末:主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落3.无主题句:可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。技巧四：主旨大意题答题技巧：看内容看高频词（≧50%原则）答题技巧错误选项特点：

1.以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。2.过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节3.把自己观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。4.无关信息。即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。技巧四：主旨大意题试题演练ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．TheKing’sSevenSeaTripsB．ZhengHe’sTravelstoWesternCountriesC．ZhengHe,theColumbusoftheEastD．ZhuDi,theGreatKing本文主要讲述了郑和的故事，重点讲了他到世界各地的航行，没有具体的主题句，高频词是ZhengHe。C选项“郑和，东方的哥伦布”符合。故选C。试题演练DidyouknowthateachdayonepersonintheUSthrowsaway4.4poundsofrubbish?Almosteverymonth,wethrowawayourownrubbishinpackagingalone.Packaging(includingboxes,bags,etc)comestoourhomeswiththethingswehavebought.Severalweeksago,theTVnewssaidthatinacityinItalytonsofrubbishwerepiledupinthestreets,andthesmellwasratherterrible.Whatcanwedotohelp?WeshouldgettoknowthefollowingRs.ReduceToreducemeanstomakelessrubbish.Thatisoneofthefirstthingsweallshoulddofortheenvironment.Reduceyourrubbishbydoingthingslikepackingyourlunchinreusablecontainers(可在利用的容器),takingsmallerpotions(份)atdinnersoyoudon’twastefoodwhenyouhavehadenough,writingonbothsidesofpaper,andusinglesswaterwhentakingashower.ReuseToreuseistousethingsagain.Thinkaboutthebagsyougetfromthestore.Theycanbereusedtocarryyourlunch,toholdyourrubbish,ortocollectusedcans.Youcaneventakethembacktothestorethenexttimetocarryyourthingsinsteadofgettinganewbag!

Recycle(回收利用)Recyclingisanimportantpartofkeepingourplanetcleanandgreen.Itcanalsosaveenergy.Besurethatyoudon’tthrowthingsintherubbishthatcanberecycledtomakesomethingelse.Paper,plastic,cansandbottlescanallberecycled,butfood,electricalwasteandmobilephonescan’t.Whenyouarenotsurewhethersomethingcanberecycled,gotoyourparentsandteachersforadvice.

FollowthethreeRs,andeveryoneofuscandosomethingtosavetheearth.Itisalsothebestwaytosaveourselves.Thepassagemainlytellusthat________.A．alluselessthingscanberecycledB．theenvironmentisgreatlyimprovingC．thethreeRscanhelpuscleantheearthD．weshouldneverthrowanyrubbishaway根据最后一段可知，我们每个人都可以做一些事情来拯救地球，这也是拯救地球最好的方法，thethreeRs可以帮助我们清洁地球，故选C。答题技巧技巧五：文章结构题试题呈现方式：1.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?2.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe____.答题技巧技巧五：文章结构题文章结构题主要考查学生对语篇结构的理解常见结构有：总分；分总；总分总。解题技巧：由小到大；由段到篇1.找出每段的中心句，了解段落大意2.将相同段落放在一起，进行结构划分①Wecanseecircles,squaresandtriangles(三角形)everywhereinourdailylife.Haveyouthoughtabouttheirmeaningsinfilms?Muchlikecolors,differentshapescanshowdifferentfeaturesofcharactersinthescenes.②Circlesrepresent(代表)thingsthataresoftandnatural.Theroundshaperemindsusofthingsthatappearinnature,likethesun,flowers,raindropsandsoon.Wecanalsoconnectcircleswithbeautifuleyes,babies’roundfaces…Allthesethingsmakeusfeelhappyandwarm.Thisiswhysomanycartooncharacters’bodies—heroes,kids,goodpeople—areroundinshape,becausecirclesrepresentgoodness,happinessandfriendliness.③Squaresshowthingsthatareunnaturalorman-made,orthingsthatareboringorold-fashioned.InUp,Carl,anelderlyman,hasasquarefaceandwearssquareglasses,whileRussell,an8-year-oldboywitharoundface,alwayswearsroundmedals.Theseshapesshowthecharacters’personalities.Carlisstubborn(执拗的)andlonely,whileRussellislovelyandfullofenergy.④Theangriestshapeisthetriangle.Everykidwhodrawsamonsterwithsharpteethdrawsarowoftriangles,don’tthey?That’sbecausetheshaperepresentsfear,distrustanddoubtinsomeway.Lookatthebadguysincartoons—theyarealldrawnwithplentyofpointsandtriangles,likeShengongbaoinNeZha.Andtrianglesarestable(稳固的)anddon’teasilyfalldown.Infilms,thisfeaturemakesbadpeopledifficulttodealwith.⑤Notonlyincartoons,butalsoinotherkindsoffilms,diffe