2025版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分模块知识复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration

Unit4SpaceExplorationⅠ.阅读理解A(2024学年甘肃省张掖市高三年级第一次联考)Must-readBooksfortheYearDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32ByB.C.R.FeganEnterforthechancetowinapaperbackofDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32.ThemagicalHotelofHooisamysteriousplacewithsomeveryunusualoccupants.Asourguestsexplorethestrangehotel,theyareinvitedtoexperienceeverythingithastoofferwithjustonewarning—don’teverlookbehindDoor32.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sByT.J.WrayThisisatruestoryaboutgrowingupinasmalltowninOklahoma,inthe1980s.It’saboutthewildadventuresandstoriesoftwobestfriendstryingtosurvivetheirteenageyears,dealingwithparentsandsiblings(兄弟姐妹),orjusttryingtosurvivehighschool.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesByDorisKearnsGoodwinPulitzerPrize-winningauthorDorisKearnsGoodwinoffersanexplorationoftheearlydevelopment,growth,andexerciseofleadership.Areleadersbornormade?Wheredoesambitioncomefrom?Howdoesadversityaffectthegrowthofleadership?DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytellingByPhilipPullmanOneofthemosthighlypraisedandbestsellingauthorsofourtimenowgivesusabookthatrecordsthehistoryofhisloveforstories—fromhisownbookstothoseofWilliamBlake,JohnMilton,CharlesDickensandtheBrothersGrimm,amongothers—andexplorestheroleofstoriesineducation.DaemonVoicesisbothalookatthewritingmindandmethodsofagreatcontemporarymasterandafascinatingexplorationofstorytellingitself.Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Byviewingthewebpage,youarelikelytowinafreecopyof

A.Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32B.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sC.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesD.DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling2.WhatisOurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sabout?A.Leadership. B.Growingup.C.Loveforstories. D.Amagicalhotel.3.WhatcanyoulearnfromDaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling?A.Survivinginthe1980s.B.Theroleofstoriesineducation.C.Siblingsadventures.D.Historyofleadershipdevelopment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四本年度必看的书。1.A细微环节理解题。依据Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32部分中的“EnterforthechancetowinapaperbackofDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32.”可知，你只需阅读网页就有机会免费获得一本Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32。故选A项。2.B细微环节理解题。依据OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’s部分中的“ThisisatruestoryaboutgrowingupinasmalltowninOklahoma,inthe1980s.”可知，这本书主要讲解并描述的是关于成长的内容。故选B项。3.B细微环节理解题。依据DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling部分中的“…recordsthehistoryofhisloveforstories…andexplorestheroleofstoriesineducation.”可知，这本书讲到了故事在教化中的作用。故选B项。B(2024届安徽省高三上学期10月联考)Themoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains:theMaria(darklowlands)andtheTerrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthisassumptionwasconfirmedbymissionstothemoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.OneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessoftheMariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters:thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters,whilethecratersoftheMariatendtobemuchsmaller.Itisnowknownthatthevastmajorityofthemoon’scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Mostofthenearsideofthemoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanrecognizeobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaythemoondiffusely(扩散地)reflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthatthemooniscoveredbyasurfacelayerwithstrange,windingmarks.Althoughvariouslandformswerediscovered,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcratershaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaveround-edgedtopsthatareraisedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinsides,anddepthsthatareaboutone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A.TheaimoftheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.B.Characteristicsofthemajorterrainsofthemoon.C.Theoriginofthemoon’scraters.D.Techniquesusedtodiscoverthemoon’slandforms.5.WhyaretheSurveyorandApollomissionsmentioned?A.Toconfirmearliertheoriesaboutthemoon’ssurface.B.Torevealthatpreviousideasaboutthemoon’scraterswereunreasonable.C.Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutthemoon’ssurface.D.Toidentifyhowthemoon’scratersweremade.6.Theauthormentions“strange,windingmarks”inParagraph3asanexampleof.

A.anaspectofthelunarsurfacediscoveredthroughlunarmissionsB.acharacteristicoflargecratersC.adiscoverymadethroughtheuseofearth-basedtelescopesD.featuresthatastronomersobservedtobecommontotheearthandthemoon7.Thelastparagraphprobablycontinueswith.

A.somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformedB.thedifferentshapessmallcraterscanhaveC.thereasonswhycratersaredifficulttostudyD.thedescriptionofsomefeaturesoflargecraters【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经验了独特而困难的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观，并具体介绍了月球地表特征以及区分。4.B主旨大意题。依据第一段中的“Themoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.”并结合全文内容可知，本文具体介绍了月球地表特征及区分。故选B项。5.A推理推断题。依据第一段可推知，作者提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证明从前关于月球表面的理论。故选A项。6.C推理推断题。依据第三段可推知，作者在第三段中提到“惊奇的、曲折的标记”是作为一个运用地面望远镜发觉的例子。故选C项。7.D推理推断题。依据最终一段可知，最终可能会接着描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D项。C(甘肃省张掖市2024学年高三年级第一次全市联考)Ifallgoeswell,aballoonwillsoonrisefromSpaceCenterinSweden.Itwillfloathighintotheupperatmosphere,wherenothingwillhappen,andthenreturntoEarth.Nevertheless,acollectionofenvironmentalgroupsaretryingtostopit.Thecampaignersareagainsttheflightbecauseofwhatcomesnext.TheballoonisatestflightforaresearchbeingrunbytheUniversityofHarvard.TheresearchaimstotestanideacalledSAI,inwhichfinedustisaddedintotheupperatmospheretoboosttheamountofsunlightreflectedbackintospace.Afutureflightwillreleaseasmallamountofcalciumcarbonatedustintotheupperatmosphere,inordertohelpresearcherslearnmoreaboutsolargeoengineering—anexcellentbuttheoreticalideaofdeliberatelyadjustingtheearth’ssystemstopreventthebadeffectsofclimatechange.Opponentsworryabouttwothings.Thefirstisthemoralissue.Ifsolargeoengineeringworks,itcouldreducepressuretodealwithclimatechangeatitssourcebycuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Furthermore,inordertokeeptemperatureslow,thereflectiveparticles(颗粒)wouldhavetobetoppedupcontinuously.Asuddenstopcouldresultinveryrapidwarming.RaymondPierrehumbert,aphysicistattheUniversityofOxford,sayssolargeoengineeringistooriskyeventoresearchoutsideofcomputersimulations(模拟).Notallenvironmentalistsareopposed.Theworldislikelytomissthetarget,setintheParisAgreement,ofkeepingwarmingto1.5℃.“We’renotwell-servedbynotunderstandingwhatthesetechnologiesrepresent,”saysStevenHamburg.Mr.Hamburgfavourssmall-scalegeoengineeringresearch.Othergreenorganizationshavealsohesitantlyapprovedofexploringtheidea.Explorationislikelytocarryoninanycase.Onceataboo,geoengineeringisbeingtakenincreasinglyseriously.ArecentreportonclimatechangesuggestedthatSAIcouldhelpkeepwarmingbelow1.5℃.Americahasdevelopedaresearchplanforsolargeoengineering.BothChinaandIndiahavelaunchedresearchprogrammesoftheirown.Activistswillcontinuetoopposeexperiments.Butballoonswilllikelyflyanyway.8.Howdoessolargeoengineeringwork?A.Dustisputintotheupperatmospheretotrapmoreheat.B.Measuresaretakenintentionallytotackletheclimatechange.C.Stepsaretakendeliberatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.D.DustisemptiedintotheatmospheretoreflectsunlightintoEarth.9.WhydoenvironmentalistsargueagainstSAI?A.Itistobeimplementedonalargescale.B.Ithasledtoglobalwarmingagainsttheoriginalintention.C.Itisprobablytomissthetargetofkeepingwarmingto1.5℃.D.Itmaycausepeopletocarelittleaboutgreenhousegasemissions.10.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ShouldBalloons’FlightBeBanned?B.ShouldSolarGeoengineeringExplorationGoAhead?C.HowDoBalloonsThreatentheEarth’sClimate?D.HowHasSolarGeoengineeringChangedEarth?11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetosolargeoengineering?A.Critical. B.Doubtful.C.Positive. D.Frightened.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以帮助缓解全球变暖的一项工程solargeoengineering(太阳地球工程),并具体介绍了该工程的原理、初衷、实施的隐患、优势以及将来的发展。8.B细微环节理解题。依据其次段可知，这个太阳地球工程是来实行措施应对气候改变。故选B项。9.D细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Ifsolargeoengineeringworks,itcouldreducepressuretodealwithclimatechangeatitssourcebycuttinggreenhousegasemissions.”可知，太阳地球工程可能会导致人们对温室气体排放的不再关切。依据上文可知，环保人士真正担忧的是全球气候变暖根本缘由是因为温室气体的排放，假如太阳地球工程通过向大气层释放细尘，削减太阳光线向地球的反射，缓解了全球变暖，那么温室气体排放这一根本缘由就会被忽视。故选D项。10.B标题推想题。通览全文内容可知，本文从人们对太阳地球工程面临的争议、各方的看法，推想这一工程是否应当接着。故B项“太阳地球工程勘探应当接着进行吗?”适合作本文最佳标题。11.C观点看法题。依据第五段中的“Explorationislikelytocarryoninanycase(无论如何，探究可能会接着).”和“ArecentreportonclimatechangesuggestedthatSAIcouldhelpkeepwarmingbelow1.5℃(最近一份关于气候改变的报告指出SAI有助于将气候变暖限制在1.5℃以下).”可知，作者对这一工程的看法是乐观主动的。故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五阅读(福建省泉州市2024届中学毕业班质量监测)ThemostpopularcourseatYaleisPsych157:PsychologyandtheGoodLife,coveringthescienceofhappinessandhowtoapplyit.Sinceitslaunchin2024byProfessorLaurieSantos,thecoursehasbeentakenbyaquarterofYalestudentsandmorethan200,000othersinitsonlineversion.1

Whenchasinghappiness,manyofusaretryingtobealittlegentlerwithourselvesandassigningaprioritytoself-care.That’sasensiblestrategy,Santosagrees.Thetroubleishowpeopleunderstandself-care.Weassumethatself-carelookslikeanicebubblebath—orevenselfishpursuits.2Weactuallygetmoreoutofbeingmoreopen,moresocialandmoreother-oriented(以他人为中心的)thanspendingmoneyonourselves.

Santosisn’ttheonlyscientistinsistingthatyoufocusmoreonkindnesstoothersthankindnesstoyourself.ResearchoutofOxfordUniversityconfirmsthateventinyactsofkindnesscanhavesignificanteffectsonourhappiness.3Theyboostmentalwell-beinginthewidercommunity.Ifyouwanttostayhappy,focuslessonself-indulgence(自我放纵)andmoreonkindness.

4Everyonehasmadeasillydecisionortwo.Imyselfhavelivedandlearnedfrommorethanafew.It’snotthemistakesthatmatter.It’showwedealwiththem.Whatwecandoistolearnfromthepoorchoices,terribleideasandbaddecisionsofthepastandnotrepeatthem.Wecanalsolearnfromthemistakesofothersandavoidthem.5Andwecanmakeallthebumpsandbruises(磕磕碰碰)countforsomething.

A.Apparently,weallhaveathirstforhappiness.B.Self-careisthefoundationforcaringaboutothers.C.Finally,topursuehappiness,learnfrommistakes.D.Gettingthemdownonpaperwillhelpusavoidmistakes.E.Andotherstudiesshowsmallactsofkindnesscanspreadout.F.Ther