4.1.1 排水系统的分类体制认知 Classification and Types of Drainage Systems-1733558658418

4.1.1排水系统的分类、体制认知ClassificationandTypesofDrainageSystems一、建筑排水系统的分类ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem建筑排水系统的功能是将人们在日常生活和工业生产过程中使用过的、受到污染的水以及降落到屋面的雨水和雪水收集起来，及时排到室外。Thefunctionofbuildingdrainagesystemistocollecttheusedandpollutedwaterindailylifeandindustrialproduction,aswellasrainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroof,anddischargethemoutdoorsintime.生活排水系统Domesticdrainagesystem工业废水排水系统Industrialwastewaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系统Roofrainwaterdrainagesystem按污废水的来源，可分为：Basedonthesourcesofsewageandwastewater,theycanbedividedinto:一、建筑排水系统的分类ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem1.生活排水系统Domesticdrainagesystem生活排水系统是指排除居住建筑、公共建筑及工业企业生活污废水的系统。Adomesticdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatdischargesdomesticsewageandwastewaterfromresidentialbuildings,publicbuildingsandindustrialenterprises.根据污染程度，可进一步分为人们日常生活中排泄的粪便污水的生活污水排水系统和人们日常生活中排出的洗涤水的生活废水排水系统。Basedonthepollutiondegree,theycanbefurtherdividedintodomesticsewagedrainagesystemsforfecalsewagedischargedindailylifeanddomesticwastewaterdrainagesystemsforwashingwaterdischargedindailylife.生活废水经过处理后，可作为杂用水，用来冲洗厕所、浇洒道路和绿地、冲洗汽车等。Aftertreatment,thedomesticwastewatercanbeusedasnon-drinkingwaterforflushingtoilets,sprinklingroadsandgreenspaces,washingcars,etc.建筑施工用水Waterforbuildingconstruction喷洒路面Roadspraying洗车Vehiclewashing冲厕Toiletflushing一、建筑排水系统的分类ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem2.工业废水排水系统Industrialwastewaterdrainagesystem工业废水排水系统是指排除工艺过程中产生的污废水的系统。Anindustrialwastewaterdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatdischargessewageandwastewatergeneratedintheprocess.为了便于污废水的处理和综合利用，按污染程度可将其分为生产污水排水系统和生产废水排水系统。Tofacilitatethetreatmentandcomprehensiveutilizationofsewageandwastewater,theindustrialwastewaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintoproductionsewagedrainagesystemandproductionwastewaterdrainagesystemaccordingtopollutiondegree.生产污水污染程度较重，需经处理达到排放标准后排放；

Theproductionsewageispollutedheavily,itcanonlybedischargedafterbeingtreatedtomeetthedischargestandard;生产废水污染程度较轻，可作为杂用水水源，也可经简单处理后（如降温）回用或排入水体。

Theproductionwastewaterispollutedlightly,itcanbeusedasasourceofnon-drinkingwater,orreusedordischargedintothewaterbodyaftersimpletreatment(suchascooling).一、建筑排水系统的分类ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem3.屋面雨水排水系统Roofrainwaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系统是指收集排除降落到多跨工业厂房、大屋面建筑和高层建筑屋面上雨水与雪水的系统。Aroofrainwaterdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatcollectsanddischargesrainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroofofmulti-spanindustrialplants,largeroofbuildings,andhigh-risebuildings.建筑物屋面雨水排水系统单独排放。Roofrainwaterdrainagesysteminbuildingsdischargesseparately.二、排水体制选择SelectionofDrainageSystems建筑排水体制分为分流制和合流制两种Thebuildingdrainagesystemcanbedividedintotwotypes:separatedrainagesystemandcombineddrainagesystem排水体制Drainagetype合流制Combineddrainagesystem分流制Separatedrainagesystem生活污水与生活废水或生产污水与生产废水设置独立的管道系统：生活污水排水系统、生活废水排水系统、生产污水排水系统、生产废水排水系统分别排水。Theindependentpipesystemsaresetupfordomesticsewageandwastewater,orproductionsewageandwastewater.Thatistosay,thedomesticsewagedrainagesystem,domesticwastewaterdrainagesystem,productionsewagedrainagesystem,andproductionwastewaterdrainagesystemadoptindependentpipesfordrainagerespectively.指生活污水与生活废水、生产污水与生产废水采用同一套排水管道系统排放，或污、废水在建筑物内汇合后用同一排水干管排至建筑物外Thecombineddrainagesystemmeansthatdomesticsewageanddomesticwastewater,productionsewageandproductionwastewateraredischargedbythesamesetofdrainagepipelinesystems,orsewageandwastewateraredischargedoutsidebuildingsthroughthesamemaindrainagepipeafterconverginginbuildings二、排水体制选择SelectionofDrainageSystems建筑内排水体制的确定，应根据污水性质、污染程度，结合建筑外部排水系统的体制，是否有利于综合利用、中水系统的开发和污水的处理要求等因素综合考虑。Thedrainagetypeinbuildingsshallbedeterminedbasedonthenatureandpollutiondegreeofsewage,combinedwiththeexternaldrainagesystemofbuildings,andcomprehensivelyconsideredaccordingtowhetheritisconducivetocomprehensiveutilization,developmentofreclaimedwatersystemandsewagetreatmentrequirements.下列情况宜采用生活污水与生活废水分流的排水系统：Separatedrainagesystemfordomesticsewageandwastewatershallbeadoptedunderthefollowingcircumstances:

当政府有关部门要求污水、废水分流且生活污水需经化粪池处理后才能排入城镇排水管道时；

Whentherelevantgovernmentdepartmentsrequiresewage,wastewateranddomesticsewagetobedischargedintourbandrainagepipesonlyaftersewageandwastewateraredivergedanddomesticsewageistreatedinseptictanks;生活废水需回收利用时。

Whendomesticwastewaterneedstoberecycled.二、排水体制选择SelectionofDrainageSystems局部受到油脂、致病菌、放射性元素、有机溶剂等污染，以及温度高于40℃的建筑排水，应单独排水至水处理构筑物或回收构筑物:Buildingdrainage,whichislocallycontaminatedwithgrease,pathogenicbacteria,radioactiveelements,andorganicsolventsandwhosetemperatureishigherthan40degrees,shallbeseparatelydischargedtowatertreatmentstructuresorrecyclingstructures:1职工食堂、营业餐厅的厨房含有油脂的废水Greasywastewaterfromkitchensofstaffcanteensandrestaurants2洗车冲洗水Carwashflushingwater二、排水体制选择SelectionofDrainageSystems局部受到油脂、致病菌、放射性元素、有机溶剂等污染，以及温度高于40℃的建筑排水，应单独排水至水处理构筑物或回收构筑物:Buildingdrainage,whichislocallycontaminatedwithgrease,pathogenicbacteria,radioactiveelements,andorganicsolventsandwhosetemperatureishigherthan40degrees,shallbeseparatelydischargedtowatertreatmentstructuresorrecyclingstructures:3含有致病菌、放射性元素等超过排放标准的医疗、科研机构的污水Sewagefrommedicalandscientificresearchinstitutionscontainingpathogenicbacteri