2024锂电池技术详细讲解

(Lithium池,Primary

WhittinghamMS．U．S．PatentWhittinghamMManleyStanley1941年出生，于牛津大学BA(1964),MA(1967),和DrPhil(1968)学位，目前就职于宾汉姆顿大学。Dr.Whittingham是发明嵌入式锂离子电池重要人物，在与Exxon公司合作制成首个锂电池之后，他又发现水热合成法能够用于电极材料的制备，这种方法目前被拥有磷酸层状结构的石墨

正极

锂离子电池(Li-ionBatteries)是锂电池发展而来。所以MichelArmand,PhilippeGraphiteintercalationcompoundsascathodeMaterialsScienceandEngineering.Volume31,1977,319-ArmandMB．PhDthesis，ArmandMB．MaterialsforAdvancedBatteryNew“摇椅式电池”（Rocking-chairCell）。M.

ChairBatteries）概念，成功解决了锂负agLithiumionrechargeableProg.BatteriesSolarCells9,209专利号JP4147573-AJP3028582-B2US5370710- 专利号EP486950-AEP486950-A1CA2055305-AJP4184872-AJP4280082-AUS5292601-AEP486950-B1;DE69103384-E;JP3079613-B2;JP3089662-B2;JP2000268864-ACA2055305-CJP3356157-B2发明人:SUGENON,ANZAIM,NAGAURAT专利权人和代码:SONYCORP(SONY-C)专利号JP5036413-AJP3282189-B2US5273842- schematicrepresentationandoperationprincipleofrechargeablelithiumionbattery放出的电量为其额定容量。电池的实池的标称额定容量为10Ah10ALi-ionFilmLi-ion圆柱型锂离子电池(CylindricalLi-ion还包括正温度系数端子（PTC）和安全阀（SafetyVent）等安全部件。方型锂离子电池（PrismaticLi-ion纽扣锂离子电池（CoinLi-ionLi-ionBattery），这种电池结构简单，通常用于科研测试。薄膜锂离子电池（ThinFilmLi-ionBattery薄膜锂离子电池

（96500C/mol是法拉第常数1mAh＝1×（10－3）安培×360秒96500/157.756/3.6=170mA130-100-135-190-155-3.2-3.8-3.4-2.5-3.020-20 A.K.Padhi,K.S.Nanjundaswamy,andJ.B.GoodenoughPhospho-olivinesasPositive-ElectrodeMaterialsforRechargeableLithiumBatteriesJ.Electrochem.Soc.,Vol.144,No.4,April

AkshayaJohnB.：Whitehead的ScienceandtheModern与学生AkshayaPadhi做出了LiFePO4正极材料。他的经典语录是：Iamanoldtigerenjoyingworkinghere。 FePO4，实际的充放电过程是处于FePO4/LiFePO4两相共存状态的。FePO4与负极，发生Fe2+→Fe3+的氧化反应，为保持电荷平衡，电子从自20世纪90年代末期以来,橄榄石型磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)正极材料的研究引起起广大研究者的关注。有望成为新一代首选的可替代LiCoO2的锂

锂合成的方法[1-3，通常采用PadhiAK,NanjundaswamyKS,GoodenoughJB,Phospho-olivinesaspositive-electrodematerialsrechargeablelithiumbatteries.J.Electrochem.Soc,PadhiAK,NanjundaswamyKS,MasquelierC,etal.,EffectofstructureontheFe3+/Fe2+redoxcoupleinironphosphate,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1997,144(5):1609~1613PadhiAK，NanjundaswamyKS,Masquelier,C,etal.,MappingoftransitionmetalredoxenergiesinphosphateswithNASICONstructurebylithiumintercalation,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1997,144(8):2581~2586ParkKS，SonJT,ChungHT,etSynthesisofLiFePO4byco-precipitationandmicrowaveArnoldG,GarcheJ,HemmerR,etFine-particlelithiumironphosphateLiFePO4synthesizedbyanewlow-costaqueousprecipitation法应用于制备磷酸铁锂。[1]HiguchiM,KatayamaK,AzumaY,etSynthesisofLiFePO4cathodematerialbymicrowave坏血酸特殊的还原能力，将Fe3+还原成Fe2+，CroceF,EpifanioAD,HassounJ,et

溶胶凝胶法制备的棒状LiFePO4ANovelconceptforthesynthesisofanimprovedLiFePO4lithiumbatteryElectrochem.SolidState Bing-JoeHwang,Kuei-FengHsu,Shao-KangHu,Ming-YaoCheng,Tse-ChuanChou,Sun-YuanTsay,RamanSanthanamTemplate-freereversemicelleprocessforthesynthesisofarod-likeLiFePO4/CcathodematerialforlithiumJournalofPowerSources,Volume194,Issue1,20October2009,Pages515-水热合成是指温度为100～1000℃、压力为1MPa～1GPa条件下利HydrothermalsynthesisoflithiumironphosphateElectrochem.Commun.,3(2001),pp.正如J.M.Tarascon等[1]利用离子[1]N.Recham,L.Dupont,M.Courty,K.Djellab,D.Larcher,M.Armand,andJ.-M.Tarascon.IonothermalSynthesisofTailor-MadeLiFePO4PowdersforLi-IonBatteryApplications.Chem.Mater.2009,21,1096–1107J-M.

Jean-MarieTarascon1953)目前是法TarasconJM，GozdzAS，SchmutzCeta1．SolidStateAndreasStein[1]以PMMA和F127为模板制备了分级多孔结构的碳[1]AnhVuandAndreasMulticonstituentSynthesisofLiFePO4/CCompositeswithHierarchicalPorosityasCathodeMaterialsforLithiumIonBatteries

Yang-KookSun[2]等利用双层N.Ravet,J.B.GoodenoughandTheElectrochemicalSocietyandtheElectrochemicalSocietyofJapanMeetingHonolulu,HI:InternationalSocietyof SungWooOh,Seung-TaekMyung,Seung-MinOh,KyuHwanOh,KhalilAmine,BrunoScrosatiandYang-KookSunDoubleCarbonCoatingofLiFePO4asHighRateElectrodeforLithium除纳米粒径的LiFePO4外[1]，孔状结构的LiFePO4也是研究的热点，YingkeZhou等[2]用多壁碳LiFePO4和碳纳米管复合材Inorg.Chem.2009,48,YingkeZhou,JieWang,YuanyuanHu,RyanO’HayreandZongpingAporousLiFePO4andcarbonnanotubeChem.Commun.,2010,46,7151-2008年，Zhouhaoshen课题组通过原位聚合法合成得到了壳-核结构的碳包覆Angew.Chem.2008,120,7571Angew.Chem.2008,120,75712009ZhouhaoshenLiFePO4纳米线，是LiFePO4ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces2009,2,电纺丝技术得到的LiFePO4ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces2009,2,2010年，Hyun-KonSong课题组中空的球形二级结构LiFePO4纳米颗粒。该结构Chem.Commun.,2010,46,中空的球型LiFePO4中空的球型LiFePO4纳米颗粒的SEM和TEMChem.Commun.,2010,46,|J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133, 胡桃状的LiFePO4微|J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133,花瓣状的LiFePO4|J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133,2009年，MIT的Ceder研究小组在Nature杂志上称已经找到一种可完成充电的超级电池，而且体积更小、重量更轻。他们开发了一电荷的传递。实验结果表示，透过新的材料结构，可使电池尺寸变小，并将充电时间缩短到10至20秒以内。相较之下，未使用新材DischargecapabilityathighrateforLiFePO4synthesizedat600℃.ByoungwooKang，Gerbrand

K.Zaghib,J.B.Goodenough,A.Mauger,C.Julien四位锂电池届大师级人物在JournalofPowerSources上发表文章对其一些错误进行GCedar，B.Kang看到这篇文章后，马上给发这篇文章的J.PowerSource篇题为Responseto“unsupportedclaimsofultrafastchargingofLi-ionbatteries”.，对KZaghib驳斥他的论据逐一用数据来进行反驳[2]。KZaghib,JBGoodenough,AMauger,CJulienUnsupportedclaimsofultrafastchargingofLiFePO4Li-ionbatteriesJournalofPowerSources,Volume:194,Issue:2,2009,1021-1023GCeder,BResponseto“unsupportedclaimsofchargingofLi-ionBatterymaterialsforultrafastchargingand

JournalofPowerSources,Volume:194,Issue:2,

Phostech是南方化学(SuedChemie)的全资子公(Hydro-Quebec)（UniversitédeMontral）关于磷酸铁锂材料在电池中的应用BoschGmbG合作推出他们的磷酸铁锂电池电动

A123Systems于2001年在麻省理工学院科学与工程学华人教授Yet-MingChiang(学材料科学博士BartRiley。石墨层状结

二次锂电池正负极材料电压-Voltageversuscapacityforpositive-andnegative-electrodematerialspresentlyusedunderseriousconsiderationsforthenextgenerationofrechargeableLi-based溶剂由主溶剂和添加剂 池(polymerlithiumionbattery,简称为LIP)。(2)

Theimprovementofionicconductivitiesforpolymerelectrolytes+常用的共混聚合物包括聚乙二醇（PEG）（PEI）,聚氧化