【课件】中考英语阅读理解课件

第43讲

阅读理解专题概述

阅读理解主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文（新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格）等各种文体。

阅读理解的常见解题策略如下：

1.浏览全文，理解大意。

用快速阅读的方式浏览全文，了解文章大意，可避免断章取义，减少解题时的盲目性。阅读时要抓住主题和关键性词语，把握它们之间的联系，为解题做好准备。文章的主要观点常贯穿全文，学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章做出总结和概括性评价，分析作者的观点，推测作者的写作意图。只有对事件发生的时间、地点、人物、因果、过程理解透彻，才能全面掌握全文。

2.细读首尾，确定题材。

阅读短文时，要特别注意文章的开头和结尾，因为它们通常是文章的主题句，是全文的中心所在。学生从开头句可以把握作者的写作思路，以及文章将要叙述的内容；结尾句是作者的观点和态度，有利于学生加强对文章的理解，从而确定题材，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。

3.根据内容，推测词意。

阅读时如遇到生词，应先跳过去，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死抠生词，更不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，影响对全文大意的理解。遇到生词时要不急不躁，估计一下这个词是人名、地名或是什么词性等就行了，还可以通过上下文语境去猜测词意。

4.看清题目，选择答案。

带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样才能把握方向，提高阅读理解及解题的准确性。对那些明显的、有把握的题目，可以准确判断，不必再推敲；对有些概念模糊的选项，不能从文中直接找到答案，可利用背景知识，根据各种信息进行分析推理，把握文章的整体脉络，调整自己的解题思路，从而做出最终判断。有时题目设计刁钻，由下文暗示上文，限制上文；有时要靠排除错误选项来得出正确的选项。

5.综观全文，验证答案。

确定答案以后，要再次检查，看其是否与文中的内容相矛盾，再看它是否完全符合文章的中心思想。第43讲

阅读理解典例精析例1

【人与自我】

Story

Time

The

day

came.

Grandma

was

moving

out

of

her

big

house.

I

was

sad.

I

had

a

lot

of

memories

in

that

house.

I

asked

where

Grandma

was

moving

to.

My

dad

said,

“Somewhere

near

us.

Don’t

worry.”

But

I

was

worried.

I

spent

a

lot

of

time

with

Grandma.

In

fact,

I

wanted

to

see

her

more.

I

thought

no

one

wanted

to

tell

me

because

they

knew

I

would

be

sad.

“It

must

be

far

away,”

I

said

to

myself.

We

put

all

of

Grandma’s

things

in

the

truck.

I

sat

beside

her

in

the

car.

On

the

way,

we

talked

a

lot.

After

a

while,

we

arrived.

I

saw

her

new

house.

It

was

our

house!

Grandma

was

coming

to

live

with

us.

（2023年广西中考题）

根据语篇内容，判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）。1.I

had

many

memories

in

Grandma’s

house.(

)

T【解析】从短文第四句“I

had

a

lot

of

memories

in

that

house.”可知，奶奶的房子给作者留下很多记忆，故本句正确。2.I

wanted

to

see

Grandma

more.(

)

T【解析】从短文第三段中的句子“In

fact,

I

wanted

to

see

her

more.”可知，本句正确。3.I

didn’t

talk

with

Grandma

on

the

way.(

)

F【解析】短文第四段中的句子“On

the

way,

we

talked

a

lot.”提示，作者和奶奶在路上谈了很多，故本句错误。4.Grandma

was

not

coming

to

live

with

me.(

)

F【解析】从短文的最后一句“Grandma

was

coming

to

live

with

us.”可知，奶奶要和作者一家人一起生活，故本句错误。5.I

loved

Grandma

very

much.

(

)

T【解析】根据文中的内容，奶奶要搬走了，作者很伤心，希望能经常看到奶奶。由此可知，作者很爱自己的奶奶，故本句正确。【解析】本文通过讲述作者对奶奶搬家时的情绪变化以及为奶奶送行时的情景，展现了作者对奶奶的爱。例2

【人与社会】（2023年广西中考题）

根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。1.Which

sport

is

an

indoor

game?(

)

A.Bowling.

B.Mini

golf.

C.Beach

volleyball.【解析】细节理解题。从左上方框中对Bowling的介绍中的第一句可知，bowling是室内运动。故答案为A。[答案]

A2.How

many

holes

are

there

in

a

mini

golf

course?(

)

A.10.

B.18.

C.21.【解析】细节理解题。从右上方框中对Mini

golf的介绍中的第二句可知，mini

golf共有18个洞。故答案为B。[答案]

B3.Where

is

a

beach

volleyball

game

held?(

)

A.On

the

grass.

B.On

the

sand.

C.On

the

playground.【解析】细节理解题。从左下方框中对Beach

volleyball的介绍中“The

game

is

held

on

the

sand.”可知，该项目在沙滩上举行。故答案为B。[答案]

B4.What

is

the

most

exciting

moment

in

a

baseball

match?(

)

A.Hitting

a

“home

run”.B.Throwing

a

ball

fast.C.Knocking

down

the

pins.【解析】细节理解题。从右下方框中对Baseball的介绍中的最后一句“Hitting

a

‘home

run’

（本垒打）

is

the

most

exciting

moment

in

a

match.”可知，答案为A。[答案]

A5.What’s

the

text

mainly

about?(

)

A.History.

B.Travel.

C.Sports.【解析】主旨大意题。表格中的四个项目分别是Bowling，

Mini

golf，

Beach

volleyball和Baseball。这四个项目全是体育活动，故答案为C。[答案]

C例3

【人与自然】

Southern

white

rhinos

（犀牛）

mainly

live

in

Africa.

They

are

very

large

in

size,

about

4

metres

long,

1.75

metres

high,

and

over

two

tons

in

weight.

There

are

two

horns

（角）

on

the

nose.

The

front

horn

is

over

half

a

metre

long,

while

the

other

one

is

smaller.

Southern

white

rhinos

are

not

really

white.

They

are

grey

in

color.

“White”

may

come

from

the

Afrikaans

word

for

“wide”.

It

has

some

connection

with

their

wide

mouths.

Southern

white

rhinos

live

on

grass,

leaves,

fruit

and

so

on.

They

have

very

poor

eyesight.

However,

they

have

good

hearing

and

an

excellent

sense

of

smell.

Their

skin

（皮肤）

is

nearly

5

cm

thick

but

is

very

sensitive.

During

the

day,

they

try

to

find

a

cool

place

to

avoid

sunburn.

Southern

white

rhinos

lie

in

mud

（泥浆）

when

they

can,

as

it

sticks

to

their

skin

and

protects

them

from

the

bright

African

sun.

Some

humans

kill

rhinos

for

their

horns.

They

sell

horns

to

those

who

believe

horns

have

magic

powers

or

can

treat

sickness.

It

puts

southern

white

rhinos

in

danger.

Now

many

actions

are

taken

to

protect

southern

white

rhinos.

The

international

trade

in

rhino

horn

has

been

stopped

in

the

world.

Besides,

many

protected

areas

have

been

built,

especially

in

South

Africa.

Up

to

2020,

more

than

20

countries

have

made

rules

to

protect

southern

white

rhinos.

Today

the

number

of

southern

white

rhinos

has

increased

to

over

20,000

in

the

wild.

（2023年广西中考题）

根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。1.Where

do

southern

white

rhinos

mainly

live?(

)

CA.In

Europe.

B.In

America.

C.In

Africa.【解析】细节理解题。由短文第一句“Southern

white

rhinos

mainly

live

in

Africa.”可知，这种犀牛主要生活在非洲。故答案为C。2.What

color

are

southern

white

rhinos?(

)

CA.Red.

B.Blue.

C.Grey.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“They

are

grey

in

color.”可知，这种犀牛是灰色的。故答案为C。3.What

does

the

underlined

word

“sensitive”

probably

mean

in

Chinese

in

Paragraph

2?(

)

BA.健康的

B.敏感的

C.光滑的【解析】词义猜测题。注意此句中的转折连词but，前后是转折关系，由此可以排除选项A和C，因为皮肤厚与“健康”和“光滑”没什么关系。我们会想当然认为，皮肤厚了就不敏感，但是由句中but可推测这里表达的是相反的结果。故答案为B。4.Why

do

some

humans

kill

southern

white

rhinos?(

)

AA.For

their

horns.

B.For

their

meat.

C.For

their

noses.【解析】细节理解题。从第三段第一句“Some

humans

kill

rhinos

for

their

horns.”可知。答案为A。5.What

is

the

last

paragraph

mainly

about？(

)

BA.Ways

to

feed

southern

white

rhinos.B.Actions

of

protecting

southern

white

rhinos.C.Places

for

southern

white

rhinos

to

live

in.【解析】大意归纳题。最后一段主要讲了保护这种犀牛，要停止贸易，并建立保护区。故答案为B。

点拨

考场上的阅读和我们平时的阅读不一样，时间有限。因此把握正确的阅读方法进行快速阅读在中考时尤为重要。

1.

快速阅读。一看到短文我们首先要一目十行地进行快速阅读，浏览文章的主旨大意，掌握文章的中心思想。

2.

细读题后的问题。通过快速地浏览短文之后，要把考查的问题仔细地审读，以便在再次阅读时能有的放矢。

3.

带着问题细读文章。这一次要仔细阅读，但决不要逐字逐句地翻译，重点放在文后提出的问题上。若遇到影响做题的生词可以根据上下文进行推测其大意。如果有些生词并不影响做题，我们大可以不去追究，以免浪费时间。

4.

选定答案。根据第二次的细读，分析判断，得出答案。若有难以判定的，再次到短文中寻找该题所在的位置，仔细分析，力争找到能解决问题的题眼。学习至此，请完成第43讲备考练习（第342页）第43讲

阅读理解第43讲备考练习（阅读理解）区外中考演练一、根据语篇内容，判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）。A

（人与社会——历史、社会与文化——家乡和社会的变迁，历史的发展，对未来的畅想）

Since

April

13,

2023,

the

China-Laos

Railway

（中老铁路）

has

started

cross-border

（跨境的）

passenger

service.

The

railway

starts

in

Kunming,

the

capital

of

Yunnan

Province,

and

runs

south

through

Yuxi,

Pu’er,

Xishuangbanna,

and

the

border

town

of

Mohan

in

China.

Then,

it

goes

through

Boten,

Luang

Prabang,

Vang

Vieng

before

reaching

Vientiane,

the

capital

of

Laos.

Now,

it

takes

only

2

hours

and

46

minutes

to

travel

from

Kunming

to

Pu’er,

3

hours

and

24

minutes

from

Kunming

to

Xishuangbanna,

10

hours

and

30

minutes

from

Kunming

to

Vientiane.

Traveling

by

China-Laos

Railway

is

an

exciting

way

to

enjoy

the

unusual

scenery

（风景）

and

rich

cultures

along

the

line.

On

arriving

in

Kunming,

travelers

can

visit

the

Stone

Forest,

Dianchi

Lake

and

Dounan

Flower

Market.

After

getting

off

at

Pu’er

Station,

tourists

canexperience

the

ancient

tea-horse

road

in

southern

Yunnan

and

enjoy

the

tea

gardens

within

half

an

hour

by

car.

Starting

from

Xishuangbanna

Station,

visitors

can

reach

the

Wild

Elephant

Valley

and

Olive

Dam

within

an

hour

by

car.

If

you

are

going

to

visit

Yunnan

and

Laos,

traveling

by

China-Laos

Railway

will

be

a

great

choice.

（2023年云南省中考题）1.The

cross-border

passenger

service

of

the

China-Laos

Railway

started

in

February,

2023.(

)

F2.It

takes

ten

hours

and

a

half

to

travel

from

Kunming

to

Vientiane

on

the

cross-border

train.(

)

T3.The

writer

introduces

three

places

to

visit

in

Kunming

in

Paragraph

2.(

)

T4.After

getting

off

at

Pu’er

Station,

tourists

can

visit

the

tea

gardens.(

)

T5.The

text

comes

from

a

sports

magazine.(

)

FB（人与自然——自然生态——世界主要国家的地理位置，不同地区的生态特征与自然景观）（2023年甘肃天水市中考题）1.The

sun

rises

at

6

o’clock

in

the

morning

on

Wednesday.(

)

T2.It

may

be

rainy

on

Thursday.(

)

T3.Friday

would

be

the

best

day

for

an

outdoor

soccer

game.(

)

F4.Saturday

will

be

sunny.(

)

T5.The

night

of

Sunday

will

be

the

warmest.(

)

FC

（人与社会——历史、社会与文化——对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物）

Hello,

everyone!

I’d

like

to

tell

you

something

about

a

famous

scientist

named

Qian

Xuesen.

He

was

born

in

Hangzhou,

Zhejiang

Province

in

December

1911.

After

he

graduated

from

Shanghai

Jiao

Tong

University

in

1934,

he

got

a

chance

to

study

in

the

USA.

After

he

graduated,

he

became

a

teacher

as

well

as

a

researcher

that

studies

rockets

and

missile

（导弹）

theories

（理论）.

When

he

was

44,

he

returned

to

our

country

and

the

country’s

space

research

was

almost

a

blank

（空白）.

In

1956,

he

set

up

the

first

research

institute

（研究所）

of

rockets

and

missiles.

He

made

such

important

contributions

to

the

missile

and

space

programs

that

he

was

honored

as

“The

Father

of

China’s

Missiles”.

The

Chinese

people

are

proud

of

him.

He

passed

away

in

October,

2009,

but

all

the

Chinese

will

remember

him

forever.

His

devotion

to

our

country

was

expressed

in

his

saying,

“My

career

（事业）

is

in

China,

my

success

is

in

Chinaand

my

destination

（终点）

is

in

China!”

When

someone

said

he

could

make

much

more

money

if

he

stayed

in

the

United

States,

he

laughed

and

said,

“My

family

name

is

Qian,

but

I

don’t

like

qian.”

His

spirit

encourages

us

to

love

our

country

and

devote

ourselves

to

science.

（2023年黑龙江绥化市中考题）1.Qian

Xuesen

was

born

in

Hangzhou.(

)

T2.Qian

Xuesen

got

a

chance

to

study

in

England

in

1934.(

)

F3.Qian

Xuesen

returned

to

China

in

1957.(

)

F4.Qian

Xuesen

is

“The

Father

of

China’s

Missiles”.(

)

T5.The

underlined

word

“qian”

in

Paragraph

（段落）

3

means

“money”.(

)

TD

（人与社会——历史、社会与文化——社会热点与国际事务）

On

May

18th,

2023,

the

China-Central

Asia

Summit

（中亚峰会）

was

held

in

Xi’an.

Many

guests

from

other

Asian

countries

attended

this

important

meeting.

President

Xi

Jinping

made

a

speech

on

“One

Belt,

One

Road”

（“一带一路”）.

It

has

been

10

years

since

President

Xi

announced

（提出）

the

initiative

（倡议）.

The

great

initiative

has

offered

the

chances

to

do

business

between

countries.

It

helps

products

from

other

countries

enter

China’s

market.

At

the

same

time,

all

kinds

of

products

made

in

China

are

sold

to

other

countries,

too.

It

leads

to

a

win-win

situation.

Many

countries

hope

to

get

stronger

and

stronger

through

“The

Belt

and

Road”.

Besides

international

trade,

China

has

built

plenty

of

high-speed

railways

for

neighbor

countries.

The

China-Laos

Railway

（中老铁路）

is

a

typical

project

of

“The

Belt

and

Road”.

It

is

a

lot

more

convenient

for

Chinese

to

visit

Laos.

The

high-speed

railway

runs

1,035

kilometers,

from

the

city

of

Kunming

to

Vientiance

（万象）,

the

capital

of

Laos.

“The

Belt

and

Road”

is

based

on

（基于）

the

ancient

Silk

Road.

However,

there

are

differences

between

them.

It

focuses

on

（集中）

the

Asian,

European

and

African

countries,

and

is

also

open

to

all

the

other

counties.

It’s

not

only

the

name

of

trade

roads

but

also

a

bridge

of

culture

between

China

and

many

other

countries.

China

also

works

more

closely

with

the

countries

in

languages,

science

and

education.

A

lot

of

countries

which

have

joined

the

team

exchange

culture

freely.

There

is

even

a

Silk

Route

Museum

（丝绸之路博物馆）

in

Jiuquan

in

China.

It

has

over

35,000

objects

from

all

along

the

Silk

Road.

Over

the

past

10

years,

“The

Belt

and

Road”

has

made

great

progress

in

economy

（经济）

development,

cultural

exchange

and

quality

of

life.

（2023年湖南岳阳市中考题）1.It

has

been

20

years

since

China

announced

“One

Belt,

One

Road”.(

)

F2.The

China-Laos

Railway

connects

Dali

with

Vientiance.(

)

F3.A

lot

of

products

are

sent

to

Laos

through

the

China-Laos

Railway.(

)

T4.“The

Belt

and

Road”

is

the

same

as

the

ancient

Silk

Road.(

)

F5.There

is

a

Silk

Route

Museum

in

China.(

)

TE

（人与社会——文学、艺术与体育——中外影视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、绘画、建筑等艺术形式中的文化价值和作品赏析，优秀的艺术家及其艺术成就）

Have

you

seen

the

clay

soldiers

（士兵）

in

Xi’an’s

terracotta

museum?

Do

you

know

the

true

colors

of

them?

More

than

2,000

years

ago,

Qin

Shihuang,

the

first

emperor

of

China,

ordered

people

to

build

the

Terracotta

Army.

He

hoped

that

the

army

would

guard

him

after

he

died.

In

1974,

some

farmers

found

several

clay

soldiers

by

accident

in

Xi’an.

After

that,

about

8,000

more

were

found

by

archeologists

（考古学家）.

Today,

the

clay

soldiers

in

Xi’an’s

terracotta

museum

are

light

brown.

But

they

weren’t

always

this

color.

When

they

were

made,

they

had

the

colors

of

white,

green,

blue,

red,

purple

and

yellow.

Sadly,

most

of

the

colors

disappeared

today.

An

area

with

more

than

a

hundred

clay

soldiers

was

discovered

by

archeologists

a

few

years

ago.

Many

of

them

still

had

black

hair,

pink

faces

and

black

or

brown

eyes

when

they

were

found.

If

theywere

not

protected

well,

their

colors

would

disappear,

too.

After

a

clay

soldier

was

found,

archeologists

used

two

steps

to

keep

its

color.

First,

they

sprayed

（喷）

a

special

“water”

on

it.

Then,

they

covered

it

in

plastic.

Archeologists

are

facing

a

new

challenge

now.

They

are

going

to

find

a

way

to

put

the

colors

onto

the

clay

soldiers

again.

If

they

succeed

in

doing

it,

people

will

be

able

to

see

what

the

clay

soldiers

originally

（最初）

looked

like.

It

must

be

very

amazing.（2023年吉林省中考题）1.Qin

Shihuang

hoped

the

Terracotta

Army

would

guard

him

after

he

died.(

)

T2.Some

farmers

found

several

clay

soldiers

in

Beijing

in

1974.(

)

F3.The

clay

soldiers

were

light

brown

when

they

were

made.(

)

F4.Archeologists

used

three

steps

to

keep

the

clay

soldiers’

colors.(

)

F5.It’s

a

new

challenge

to

put

the

colors

onto

the

clay

soldiers

again.(

)

TF（人与社会——文学、艺术与体育——日常体育活动，重大体育赛事，体育精神）A

Survey

on

Sports

in

Chengduby

Class

1,

Grade

9Q:

What

are

Chengdu

people’s

favorite

sports?Walking

is

No.

1

favorite.

Another

four

most

popular

sports

are

running,

ping-pong,

swimming

and

badminton.

Greenways

and

parks

near

their

homes

are

green

gifts

for

Chengduers

to

do

sports

conveniently.Q:

Do

Chengdu

people

do

sports

just

to

lose

weight?Not

really.

Physical

shape

doesn’t

matter

that

much.

The

chart

below

shows

the

reasons

for

exercise.Q:

Do

Chengdu

people

use

much

technology

when

doing

sports?Yes.

Technology,

such

as

smart

watches,

sports

apps

or

smart

gyms,

is

used

to

record

exercise

habits,

provide

suggestions,

give

reports

on

health

and

even

remind

people

to

do

sports.（2023年四川成都市中考题）1.The

top

three

popular

sports

in

Chengdu

are

.(

)

F2.Places

for

sports

are

easy

to

find

in

Chengdu.(

)

T3.The

chart

shows

that

about

a

quarter

of

Chengduers

exercise

to

spend

time

with

family.(

)

F4.We

can

learn

that

hobby

is

more

important

than

fashion

for

Chengduers

to

do

sports.(

)

T5.Technology

is

smart

but

hardly

used

in

daily

exercise.(

)

FG（人与社会——历史、社会与文化——跨文化沟通与交流，语言与文化）Wearing

in

Britain

and

the

US

These

days,

most

people

in

Britain

and

the

US

do

not

wear

very

formally.

But

sometimes

it

is

important

to

wear

the

right

thing.

Many

British

people

don’t

think

about

clothes

very

much.

They

just

like

to

be

comfortable.

When

they

go

out

to

enjoy

themselves,

they

can

wear

almost

anything.

At

theatres,

cinemas,

and

concerts

you

can

put

on

what

you

like

from

beautiful

suits

and

dresses

to

jeans

and

sweaters.

Anything

goes,

as

long

as

you

look

clean

and

tidy.

But

in

Britain,

as

well

as

in

the

US,

men

in

offices

usually

wear

suits

and

ties,

and

women

wear

dresses

or

skirts

（not

trousers）.

Doctors,

lawyers

and

business

people

wear

formal

clothes.

And

in

some

hotels

and

restaurants

men

have

to

wear

ties

and

wear

tidy

clothes.

In

many

ways,

Americans

are

less

formal

than

British

people,but

they

are

careful

with

their

clothes.

At

home,

or

on

holiday,

most

Americans

wear

informal

or

sporty

clothes.

But

when

they

go

out

in

the

evening,

they

like

to

look

nice.

In

good

hotels

and

restaurants,

men

have

to

wear

jackets

and

ties,

and

women

wear

pretty

clothes.

It

is

difficult

to

say

exactly

what

people

wear

in

Britain

and

the

US,

because

everyone

is

different.

If

you

are

not

sure

what

to

wear,

watch

what

other

people

do

and

then

do

the

same.

You

will

feel

more

comfortable

if

you

don’t

look

too

different

from

everyone

else.（2023年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考题）1.People

in

Britain

and

the

US

wear

informal

clothes

when

they

go

out

to

enjoy

themselves.(

)

T2.At

a

concert

people

wear

whatever

they

like.(

)

T3.According

to

the

passage,

it

is

true

that

women

are

usually

allowed

to

wear

trousers

in

offices.(

)

F4.“Anything

goes”

in

the

second

paragraph

means

“any

clothes

are

acceptable”.(

)

T5.Men

wear

ties

when

they

meet

their

wives

in

the

US.(

)

F二、

阅读下面的语篇材料，选出最佳选项。A

（人与社会——文学、艺术与体育——中外影视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、绘画、建筑等艺术形式中的文化价值和作品赏析，优秀的艺术家及其艺术成就）

Hello,

boys

and

girls!

Nice

to

see

you

again

in

our

art

club.

Today

we

are

going

to

learn

about

a

new

art

form.

It

was

created

by

an

American

artist

Haring.

He

is

good

at

different

kinds

of

scrawling

（涂鸦）.

Now

let’s

make

some

Haring

sports

scenes.

Please

follow

the

instructions.

If

you

have

any

questions,

let

me

know.（2023年黑龙江齐齐哈尔市中考题）1.First

of

all,

we

should

________.(

)

BA.repeat

with

different

posesB.get

everything

readyC.draw

the

head2.There

are

________

steps

to

make

a

Haring

sports

figure

before

adding

in

more

details.(

)

AA.six

B.seven

C.eight3.We

don’t

need

________

during

the

first

four

steps.(

)

CA.scissors

B.tacks

C.glue4.We

can

use

a

marker

pen

to

________.(

)

BA.cut

out

the

figureB.trace

the

figure

C.glue

the

figure5.In

this

period

of

the

art

club

activities,

you

probably

make

some

________

poses.(

)

AA.running

B.thinking

C.singingB

（人与自我——生活与学习——多彩、安全、有意义的学校生活；身心健康，抗挫能力，珍爱生命的意识）

Many

injuries

（伤害）

happen

suddenly.

For

example,

if

you

fall

off

a

bicycle

and

break

your

arm,

it

happens

very

quickly.

But

computer

injuries

happen

slowly.Your

eyes

Too

much

light

can

injure

your

eyes,

so

never

sit

too

close

to

a

computer

screen.

Your

eyes

should

be

at

least

50

centimeters

from

the

screen.

Remember

to

look

away

from

it

sometimes.

This

gives

your

eyes

a

rest.

When

you

use

a

computer,

the

window

should

be

on

your

left

or

your

right.

If

it

is

behind

you,

the

light

will

reflect

（反射）

on

the

screen.

If

the

windows

are

in

front

of

you,

the

sun

and

the

screen

will

both

shine

into

your

eyes.续表▲

Hand

and

wrist

（手腕）

injuries

can

happen

because

the

hands

and

wrists

are

moved

in

the

same

way

hundreds

of

times.

If

you

use

a

keyboard

for

a

long

time,

follow

these

three

rules:

（1）Rest

your

wrists

on

something.

（2）Keep

your

elbows

at

the

same

height

as

the

keyboard.

（3）Stop

sometimes

and

exercise

your

hands,

wrists

and

fingers

in

a

different

way.续表Your

back

Some

people

sit

for

many

hours

in

front

of

a

computer.

If

you

sit

in

a

wrong

way,

it

can

injure

your

back

or

your

neck.

So

you

should

sit

with

your

back

straight.

The

top

part

of

the

screen

should

be

in

front

of

your

eyes.

Your

forearms,

wrists

and

hands

should

all

be

parallel

（平行）

to

the

floor.

If

you

are

sitting

for

a

long

time,

get

up

every

30

minutes

and

exercise

your

arms,

legs

and

neck.Enjoy

your

computer,

but

use

it

safely.（2023年湖南常德市中考题）续表1.Which

kind

of

injuries

may

happen

slowly?(

)

CA.You

use

your

computer

correctly.B.You

fall

off

a

bicycle

and

break

your

arm.C.You

sit

in

a

wrong

way

for

many

hours

in

front

of

a

computer.2.How

far

should

you

keep

your

eyes

from

the

screen?(

)

BA.At

least

30

cm.

B.At

least

50

cm.

C.At

least

70

cm.3.Which

can

best

be

for

“▲”?(

)

AA.Your

hands

and

wrists.B.Your

head

and

neck.C.Your

legs

and

feet.4.What

does

the

writer

tell

us

in

the

passage?(

)

BA.You’d

better

not

use

the

computer.B.Enjoy

your

computer,

but

use

it

safely.C.Keep

away

from

the

computer

to

be

safe.C（人与自然——环境保护——热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生；环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为）Green

Energy

for

Today

and

Tomorrow

Did

you

know

that

most

of

the

energy

we

use

comes

from

the

sun?

For

example,

the

sun

helps

plants

to

grow.

Plants

that

grew

millions

of

years

ago

turned

into

coal,

oil,

and

natural

gas

（天然气）.

We

call

these

fossil

fuels

（化石燃料）.

However,

fossil

fuels

make

pollution.

This

is

bad

for

the

earth.

Fossil

fuels

are

also

nonrenewable.

Some

day

they

will

be

gone.

So,

scientists

want

people

to

use

green

energy.

Why

is

green

energy

important?

First,

it

is

clean.

It

doesn’t

hurt

the

earth.

Next,

it

is

renewable.

It

won’t

run

out.

Green

energy

gives

us

almost

25%

of

the

electricity

we

use

today.

What

are

the

main

sources

（来源）

of

green

energy?

Water

Power

Water

power

uses

moving

water

in

rivers

and

dams

（堤坝）.

Moving

water

has

energy.

Water

power

makes

16.6%

of

the

electricity

we

use.

Wind

Power

Is

wind

power

new?

No,

it

isn’t.

People

used

wind

power

many

years

ago.

Wind

power

makes

4%

of

the

electricity

we

use.

Solar

Power

Solar

power

comes

from

sunlight.

The

sun

shines

on

solar

panels

（太阳能板）,

and

electricity

is

made.

Solar

power

is

now

as

cheap

as

some

fossil

fuels.

It

makes

15%

of

the

electricity

we

use.

Biomass

（生物质能）

Biomass

is

energy

that

we

get

from

plants

around

us.

For

example,

deadwood

or