（高考英语作文炼句）第56篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.一般情况下都是年轻人最早接受新观念和新思想.很重要的一点是政府与时代步伐保持一致,并且对新发展迅速做出反应,因此至少应该让年轻人对于决策有一定程度的影响.Typically,itistheyoungergenerationwhoarethefirstto

embracenewconceptsandideas(1.接受新观念和新思想).Itisimportantthatgovernments

remaininstepwiththetimes

(2.与时代步伐保持一致)andreactquicklytonewdevelopments,sogivingyoungpeopleatleastsomeinfluenceon

decision-making

(3.决策)isadvisable.

1-embracenewconceptsandideas

词典释义：embrace[ɪm'breɪs]

verb

ACCEPT

接受

ADVANCED

transitive

formal

■toacceptsomethingenthusiastically

欣然接受;乐意采纳•Thiswasanopportunitythathewould

embrace.这样的机会他是求之不得的.

conceptUK

['kɒn.sept]

US

['kɑ：n-]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■aprincipleoridea

原则;概念;观念;想法

•Thevery

concept

of

freespeechisunknown

tothem.他们没有言论自由的概念.•Itisverydifficulttodefinethe

concept

of

beauty.很难给美这个概念下一个定义.•Ifailedtograspthefilm'scentral

concept.我理解不到这部电影的中心思想.•Kleenbriteisawhole

newconcept

in

toothpaste!

Kleenbrite

是牙膏生产领域的一个全新概念!

外刊例句：Countrieswithaplethoraofsmallproducersandantiquatedregulationsfinditharderto

embracenewideas

andinvestintechnology,tocontrolqualityandtospreadbestpractice.

()国家若存在过多小生产商,且相应法规陈旧刻板,那么国家将难以接受新概念、投资新技术、控制质量、传播优秀做法.

替换表达：openone’smindtonewconceptsandideas/adoptnewconceptsand

ideas

2-remaininstepwiththetimes

词典释义：instep

■whenyouliftyour

feetoffthegroundandputthemdownagainatthesametimeasotherpeople

齐步,步伐一致

■1.Thesoldiers

marchedin

step.step1士兵齐步前进.

■*describesopinions,ideasorwaysoflivingthatarethe

sameasthoseofotherpeople

(意见、观点或生活方式)合拍,协调,一致

•Televisioncompaniesneedto

keep

in

step

with

publicopinion.电视公司需要顺应民意.

外刊例句：Insteadofloadingupthenextglobalclimate

agreementwithforeignaidobligationsthattheUnitedStatescannotaccept,

Europeshouldproposefinancialcommitmentsthatare

instepwiththetimes,market-based,andthatgrowasour

economiesrecover.

()欧盟在下一份应对全球气候变化协议中不该加入那些美国不会接受的外国援助义务,而是应该提出一些财政协定,这些协定应该与时俱进,贴合市场动态,能随着我们经济复苏而渐渐发展.

替换表达：movewiththetimes/keepabreastofthetimes

3-decision-making

词典释义：decision-making

nounU

1.theprocessofmakingimportantdecisions决策：•attemptsto

involveworkersindecision-making让工人们参与决策的尝试

外刊例句：Psychologists,however,havelongstudiedthe

waysthatexternalfactorssuchastheseinfluenceour

decision-making.

()然而,心理学家一直有研究这种外部因素会如何影响我们的抉择.

2.年轻人能有机会在真正有权威的职位上获得好的实践经验也很重要.如果人们不太愿意让年轻人进入政府,那么未来领导者的能力就会受到影响,因为他们没有机会在年轻时磨练他们的技能.Itisalsoofimportancethatyoungpeoplehavethechancetogaingoodpracticalexperiencein

positionsofrealauthority(1.真正有权威的职位).Ifpeople

arereluctantto

(2.不太愿意)letyoungerpeopleintogovernmentthenitcouldaffecttheabilityoffutureleadersastheyhavenowayofhoningtheirskillsatanearlyage.

1-realauthority

词典释义：authorityUK

[ɔ：'θɒr.ɪ.ti]

US

[ə'θɔ：r.ɪ.tˌi]

noun

POWER

权力

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■themoralorlegalrightorabilitytocontrol

威信;权力;管辖权•TheUnitedNationshas

used/exerted/exercised

its

authority

to

restorepeaceinthearea.联合国行使其权力以恢复该地区的和平.•Weneedtogetthesupportofsomeone

in

authority

(=animportantorhigh-rankingperson).我们需要得到一个有实权的人的支持.•They'vebeenactingillegallyandwithout

authority

(=permission)fromthecouncil.他们的行动都是非法的,而且没有得到市政委员会的授权.•[+

to

infinitive]I'llgivemylawyers

authority

(=permission)

to

actonmybehalf.我将授权我的律师代表我处理.•He'sgotno

authority

over

(=abilityto

control)hisstudents.他在学生面前没有威信.•Shespoke

with

authority

(=asifshewasin

controlorhadspecialknowledge).她说话时一副权威的口吻.

外刊例句：Iftheactingissuperb,it’sgiven

realauthority

bythedancing.

()如说这组动作精彩绝伦,那么肯定是其舞蹈赋予了其威严之势.

2-bereluctanttodo

词典释义：reluctant[rɪ'lʌk.tənt]

adjective

IMPROVER

■notwillingtodosomethingandthereforeslowtodoit

勉强的;不情愿的•[+

to

infinitive]IwashavingsuchagoodtimeI

was

reluctant

to

leave.我玩得很开心,都不愿意离开了.•Manyparentsfeel

reluctant

to

talkopenly

withtheirchildren.很多父母都不愿意和儿女们敞开心扉交谈.•Shepersuadedher

reluctant

husbandtotakeatrip

toFloridawithher.她说服了丈夫跟她一起去佛罗里达旅游,尽管他不太情愿.

外刊例句：Iran,whichhad

beenreluctanttoreduce

outputsosoonafterreturningto

internationalmarkets,agreedtoatokenincrease.

()伊朗曾在重新进入全球(石油)市场后,长期不愿减产,现在也同意只象征性地增产.

替换表达：beunwillingtodosomething

3.人口老龄化的国家通常都会面临所谓的养老金危机,即没有足够的钱来给更多的养老金领取者.由于老年人往往有更多的健康问题,医疗保健体系也将承受更多的压力.Countrieswithanagingpopulation

(1.人口老龄化的国家)oftenfaceaso-called

pensionscrisis

(2.养老金危机)wherethereisnotenoughmoneyfortheenlargednumberofpensioners.Sinceolderpeopletendtohavemorehealthproblems,thereisalso

extrastrain

(3.更多的压力)placedonthehealthcaresystem.

1-countrieswithanagingpopulation

词典释义：ag·ing/ˈedʒɪŋ

;

ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/adjectiveonlybeforenoun

also

ageing

BrE

1.becomingold变老的;变旧的：•agingmoviestars日益年迈的电影明星•Europe'sageingpopulation(=withmoreoldpeoplethanbefore)欧洲渐渐老龄化的人口

外刊例句：ANewWaytoPleaseYoudoesnotbeginwith

politiciansagonisingorstrategisingabouthowtodealwith

anagingpopulation.

()"用新花样取悦你”并非以一群对于人口老年化问题而苦不堪言或寻思苦想的政治家来开场.

学生错误表达：Theaging

peoplecountries点评：这里需要调整语序,改为countries

withanagingpopulation

2-pensionscrisis

词典释义：pension['pent.ʃən]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■asumofmoneypaidregularlybythegovernmentora

privatecompanytoapersonwhodoesnotworkanymorebecausetheyaretoo

oldortheyhavebecomeill

养老金;退休金;抚恤金

•Theyfindithardtoliveontheirstate

pension.他们觉得靠政府的养老金很难生活下去.•Hewon'tbeableto

draw

(=receive)his

pension

untilhe's65.他要等到65岁以后才能领取养老金.

外刊例句：A

pensionscrisis

hasbeenbrewing

fordecadesanditisnotconfinedtoDallas.()养老金危机在过去数十年间,一直在酝酿,这问题可非只限于达拉斯一地.

3-extrastrain

词典释义：extra['ek.strə]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■addedtowhatisnormal

额外的;附加的

•Ifyouneedany

extra

help,justcallme.如果还需要其他的帮助,尽管打电话给我.•Recentlyhe'sbeenworkingan

extra

twohoursa

day.最近他每日都加班两小时.•Thepriceincludestravelandaccommodationbutmealsare

extra

(=thereisanadditionalchargeformeals).这个价格包括旅费和住宿费,但是餐费要另计.

strain[streɪn]

noun

PRESSURE

压力

IMPROVER

[CusuallysingularorU]

■aforceorinfluencethatstretches,pullsorputs

pressureonsomething,sometimescausingdamage

压力;拉力,张力;作用力•Thehurricane

put

sucha

strain

on

thebridgethatitcollapsed.在飓风强大的威力之下,桥塌了.•Asyougetolder,excessweight

puts

alotof

strain

on

theheart.随着年龄的增长,体重过重会给心脏造成很大负担.•Theirconstantargumentswere

putting

a

strain

on

theirmarriage.他们持续不断的争吵使他们的婚姻关系非常紧张.•Therecentdeclineinthedollarhas

puta

bigger

strain

on

theeconomicsystem.最近美元的贬值为经济体系带来更大压力.•Migrationintothecitiesis

putting

a

strain

on

alreadystretchedresources.城市新移民为原本就已吃紧的资源造成更大压力.

外刊例句：Leaguetablesput

extrastrain

onbothteachersandpupilsandshouldbeabolished

immediately.

()排名表给老师和学生都带来了额外压力,应该尽快废除.

替换表达：extrapressure

Q：Countrieswithanaging

population：为什么这里的countries是复数但是with后面却是单数的population呢?A：population在这里是可数名词,anagingpopulation是泛指"老龄化的人口”,相当于aging

populations,因此该表达也可以改为countrieswithaging

populations

Q：养老金危机pensionscrisis

：不明白这里为什么要用复数的pensions,用单数的pension可以吗?A：pensionscrisis是一个固定说法,可以记住.

4.经济移民往往是处于工作年龄的年轻人,因此实施相对开明的移民政策是使就业市场得到充分供给,并防止人口过分老化的一个有效方法.Economicmigrants

(1.经济移民)tendtobe

youngpeopleofworkingage(2.处于工作年龄的年轻人),soimplementingarelatively

liberal

(3.开明的)immigrationpolicyisaneffectivewayof

keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

(4.使就业市场得到充分供给)andpreventingthepopulationfrombeingoverlyaged.

1-economicmigrants

词典释义：economic

migrant

ˌeconomic

'migrant

noun

apersonwhomovesfrom

theirowncountrytoanewcountryinordertofindworkorhaveabetter

standardofliving

经济移民(以找工作或寻求更高生活水平为目的)：

Theyclaimedtheywerepoliticalrefugeesandnoteconomic

migrants.

他们宣称自己是政治难民,不是经济移民.

外刊例句：Economic

migrants

arebydefinitionamobilelabourforce.

()经济移民肯定属于移动劳动力.

学生错误表达：Theeconomic

migrants点评："经济移民”在这里是泛指,应该写成economic

migrants,而不能写成theeconomicmigrants

2-ofworkingage

词典释义：workingUK

['wɜ：.kɪŋ]

US

['wɝ：-]

adjective

[beforenoun]

JOB

工作

IMPROVER

■relatingtowork

工作的

•a37-hour

working

week一周工作37小时•Working

conditions/practices

inthemillhavehardlychangedoverthelasttwentyyears.过去20年来,这家磨坊的工作条件／方式几乎没有改变.•Shehasadifficult

working

relationship

withmanyofherstaff.她与很多员工的工作关系都不好.

外刊例句：Wecan’taffordtospend£100bnonwelfare

paymentsforpeople

ofworkingage

when

wehavesuchdebts.

()我们若仍背负如此多债务,将无法支付正处工作年龄段公民高达1000亿英镑的福利开支.

学生错误表达：intheageof

working点评：用词不当,intheage

ofsomething是指"处于……的年代”,例如intheageofrapid

economicdevelopment是指"处于经济快速发展的年代”,不能用intheageof

working来指"处于工作年龄的年轻人”.

3-liberal

词典释义：liberalUK

['lɪb.ər.əl/

UK

[-rəl]

US

[-ɚ-]

adjective

SOCIETY

社会

ADVANCED

■respectingandallowingmanydifferenttypesofbeliefs

orbehaviour

自由开放的,开放的,开明的•a

liberal

society/attitude自由开放的社会／态度•Herparentswerefarmore

liberal

thanmine.她父母比我父母开明得多.

外刊例句：YoungBritonshaveturnedstrikingly

liberal,inaclassicalsense.

()从传统观点看来,英国年轻人已变得非常开明,甚至开明到让人诧异.

替换表达：enlightened/open

4-keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

词典释义：supplied1.ADJ-GRADED