（高考英语作文炼句）第55篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.可以这么说,固定惩罚除去了判决中存在的各种不易察觉的潜在偏见,因为每个人如果有罪受到的刑罚都一样.Itcouldbearguedthat

(1.可以这么说)fixedpunishmentsremoveanypotentialprejudicethatcould

creepinto

(2.不知不觉地存在,不易觉察地)sentencing,aseachpersonwillalwaysreceivethesametreatmentiffoundguilty.

1-Itcouldbearguedthat

词典释义：argue4.VERB

动词

主张;认为

Ifyou

arguethat

somethingis

true,youstateitandgivethereasonswhyyouthinkitistrue.•Hislawyersarearguingthatheisunfittostandtrial...他的律师正在提出理由说明他不适合出庭受审.•Itcouldbe

argued

that

theBritisharenot

aggressiveenough.可以说英国人不够强势.

外刊例句：Itcouldbe

arguedthat

thisisnotananti-inflationarypolicy.

()可以说这并非反通货膨胀的政策.

替换表达：itcouldbesaidthat

2-creepinto

词典释义：[kri：p]

verb

intransitiveusually+adverbor

preposition

(crept,

crept)

Phrasal

Verbs

creepin/creepintosth

mainlyUKIfmistakescreepinorcreepintoapieceoftext,

theyareincludeddespiteeffortsnottoincludethem

(错误)不知不觉地存在,无法避免地出现•Afewmistakesalways

creep

induringthe

editingprocess.在编辑过程中总会不小心出几个错.•Oneortwotypingerrorscreptintothereport.报告中有一两处不易察觉的打字错误.■tograduallystart

tobenoticeable

逐渐显现;逐渐引起注意•Doubtsbeganto

creep

intomy

mind

aboutthelikelysuccessoftheproject.我逐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑.

外刊例句：Aslocalwords

creepinto

English,somefearthatcommunicationbetweenIndia

andtherestoftheworldcouldsuffer.

()随着本土语言不知不觉地转变为英语,一些人害怕印度人乃至其他地区人民的交流都会像这样转换为英语.

2.对于犯罪行为设置固定的惩罚肯定是有不少好处的.最明显的一点是其中包含的实用性优点.司法系统只需要简单地判断一个人是否犯下了某一项特定的罪行,如果其有罪,就作出相应的判决.Therearecertainlyanumberofadvantagesofhavingfixedpunishmentsforcrimes.

Mostnotable

(1.最明显的)arethepracticalbenefitsinvolved.

Thejudicialsystem

(2.司法系统)wouldsimplyhavetodecidewhetheranindividualwasguiltyornotofcommittingaparticularcrime,andiftheyarefoundguilty,

passthecorrespondingsentence(3.作出相应的判决).

1-mostnotablearesth这是一个倒装句,正装为："thepracticalbenefitsinvolvedaremostnotable”;most不需要加the一般有两种情况,一是同一事物在不同情况下的比较,二是加强语气,即most更偏向"非常、特别”的含义,此句中是后者.

词典释义：notableUK

['nəʊ.tə.bl]

US

['noʊ.tˌə-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■importantanddeservingattention,becauseverygoodor

interesting

显要的;显著的;值得注意的•a

notable

collectionofrareplants一批引人注目的奇花异草•Gettingbothsidestoagreewasa

notable

achievement.使双方达成共识是一项显著的成就.•Thisattractivebuildingisparticularly

notable

for

itsgardensetting.这幢漂亮的建筑因其花园布局而格外引人注目.

外刊例句：Mostnotable

are

therepublicanmicro-groups,whichincludesome

mainstreamIRAveteransbutaremostlycomposedofimpressionableyouths.()最为显著的要数共和党的少数派成员,这包括部分主流的IRA老党员,但主要还是些令人印象深刻的年轻人.

替换表达：Therearecertainlyanumberofadvantagesofhavingfixed

punishmentsforcrimes,mostnoticeablythepracticalbenefitsinvolved.

2-Thejudicialsystem

词典释义：judicial[dʒu：'dɪʃ.əl]

adjective

■involvingacourtoflaw

司法的;审判(上)的

•the

judicial

system司法制度•a

judicial

enquiry/review司法质询／审查

外刊例句：

Thereisacrisisoftrustandconfidencein

thejudicialsystem

amongblack

communities.

()司法系统在黑人群体中,存在着信任和信心的危机.

3-passthecorrespondingsentence

词典释义：pass17.

宣布(判决)

Whenajudge

passes

sentenceonsomeone,heorshesayswhattheirpunishmentwill

be.•Passingsentence,thejudgesaiditallhadtheappearance

ofacontrick...宣布判决时,法官称其完全符合诈骗案的要素.

•Beforesentencewas

passed,

MrMillsescapedfromjail.在宣判前,米尔斯先生越狱了.

corresponding

UK

[ˌkɒr.ɪ'spɒn.dɪŋ]

US

[ˌkɔ：r.ɪ'spɑ：n-]

adjective

■similar,orresultingfromsomethingelse

相似的;相应的;对等的•Companylosseswere50percentworsethaninthe

corresponding

periodlastyear.与去年同期相比,公司亏损增加了50%.•Asthecoursebecomesmoredifficult,there'susuallya

corresponding

dropinattendance.随着课程逐渐变难,来上课的人也越来越少了.

外刊例句：Itwasessentialtotheintegrityofthe

judiciaryinafreesocietythattrialjudgesandmagistrateswereleftto

passthesentence

theybelievedwas

appropriate,Strawadded.

()斯乔瓦补充道,庭审法官和地方法官能自由判决其认为合适的裁决,这对于自由社会的司法系统完整性而已十分重要.

Thejudicialsystemwouldsimplyhaveto

decidewhetheranindividualwasguiltyornotofcommittingaparticular

crime,andiftheyarefoundguilty,passthecorrespondingsentence.

[分析]本句是一个主谓宾结构,共有一个主语两个谓语和两个宾语.主语是Thejudicialsystem,第一个谓语是wouldsimply

havetodecide,其宾语是whetheranindividualwasguilty

ornotofcommittingaparticularcrime,第二个谓语是pass,其宾语是thecorrespondingsentence.句中,iftheyare

foundguilty是插入语,是一个条件状语从句.

3.固定刑罚有很多缺陷,容易导致不公正的判决.犯罪是一个非常复杂的课题,而给予固定的刑罚是一种过分简单化的做法.当评价一起严重犯罪的情节轻重时,有很多因素都值得考虑.Fixedpunishmentshaveanumberofdrawbacksandcaneasilyleadtounfairsentences.Crimeisaverycomplexsubjectandgivingfixedpunishmentsisavery

simplistic(1.过分简单化)approach.Therearemanyfactorsworthconsideringwhen

appraising

(2.评价)theseverityofaseriouscrime.

1-simplistic

词典释义：simplistic

[sɪm'plɪs.tɪk]

disapproving

adjective

■makingsomethingcomplicatedseemsimplebyignoring

importantpartsofit

过分简化的•Theyaretakingadisgracefully

simplistic

pointof

viewaboutthewar.他们对战争持有一种过分简化的观点.

外刊例句：A

simplistic

approachwouldbetolookathowmuchgovernmentshavemanagedtoreduce

borrowing(thedifferencebetweentaxesandspending).()简单方法将是去观察政府有多努力去减少借贷.(税务和花销的差距)

替换表达：oversimplified

2-appraise

词典释义：appraise[ə'preɪz]

verb

transitive

■toexaminesomeoneorsomethinginordertojudgetheir

qualities,successorneeds

评定;鉴定;估价;评价

•Attheendofeachteachingpractice,traineeteachersare

askedto

appraise

theirown

performance.在每次教学实习结束时,都要求实习教师对自己的表现作自我评定.•Inco-operationwithotherprofessionals,socialworkers

will

appraise

theindividual'sneeds.社会工作者将与其他专业人士携手合作,对个体的需要作出评估.•Hecoolly

appraised

the

situation

,deciding

whichpersonwouldbemostlikelytosucceed.他冷静地审时度势,判断哪个人最可能获得胜利.

外刊例句：Anarchitectfakedearthquake-resistancedata

andsurveyorssupposedto

appraise

thebuildings'constructiondidnotnotice.

()一名建筑师虚报了抗震数据,而去鉴定该建筑的调查员却没发现这事.

替换表达：assess/determine/judge

4.对犯罪的固定刑罚在某些情况下,例如对于轻微犯罪来说,是有实际优势的.然而,对于更加严重的犯罪来说,最好采用更具分析性的方法,并考虑犯罪的各个方面之后再作出判决.Fixedpunishmentsforcrimescanhavepracticaladvantagesincertainsituations,forexamplein

minoroffences(1.轻微犯罪).However,formoreseriousoffencesitisbestto

takeamoreanalyticalapproach

(2.采用更具分析性的方法)and

considerallaspectsofacrime

(3.考虑到犯罪的各个方面)beforepassingsentence.

1-minoroffences

词典释义：minorUK

['maɪ.nər]

US

[-nɚ]

adjective

UNIMPORTANT

不重要的

IMPROVER

■havinglittleimportance,influenceoreffect,especially

whencomparedwithotherthingsofthesametype

较不重要的;次要的;轻微的•a

minor

operation小手术•It'sonlya

minor

problem.那只是个小问题.•There'sbeenanincreasein

minor

offences

,

suchastrafficviolationsandpettytheft.轻微的违法活动有所增加,如违反交通规则、小偷小摸等.•Shesufferedonly

minor

injuries.她只是受了轻伤.•Itrequiresafew

minor

adjustments.需要作几处小的调整.•a

minor

poetofthe16th-century16世纪一位不太知名的诗人

offence(US

usually

offense)[ə'fents]

noun

CRIME

罪行

IMPROVER

countable

■anillegalact;acrime

犯罪行为;罪行

•aserious/minor

offence重／轻罪•acriminal/drink-driving

offence刑事／酒后驾车罪•Drivingwithoutalicenceisan

offence.无照驾驶是违法行为.•He

committed

severalserious

offences.他犯了好几项重罪.•It'sthethirdtimethathe'sbeen

convictedof

a

drug

offence.这是他第三次因毒品犯罪被判刑.

外刊例句：Minor

offences

bychildrenshouldbetreatedasapublic

healthissueandnotascrimes,accordingtoanewreportrevealingfailings

inthejusticesystemhavecost190livesinadecade.

()最新报道揭露了司法系统操作不当,在过去十年间让190人白白丧命,而据其所言,孩子翻下的微笑过失不该视为犯罪,而应该是公众健康问题.

替换表达：lesser/petty/trivialoffences,minorcrimes

学生错误表达：(1)

Slight

crime点评：没有slightcrime的搭配,这里应该改为minorcrimes(2)

Petty

criminals点评：criminals是指"罪犯”,这里应该改为pettycrimes

2-amoreanalyticalapproach

词典释义：analytical

UK

[ˌæn.ə'lɪt.ɪ.kəl]

US

[-'lɪtˌ-]

(formal

analytic)

adjective

■examiningorlikingtoexaminethingsverycarefully

分析的;善于分析的•Hehasavery

analytical

mind.他善于分析问题.•Somestudentshaveamore

analytical

approach

tolearning.有些学生的学习方法更具分析性.

外刊例句：Ifanyfirmhasan

analyticalapproach

toinnovationitshouldbeGoogle.

()要说哪间公司会采取分析性方法来研究创新的话,那肯定非Google莫属.

3-considerallaspectsofacrime

词典释义：

aspect['æs.pekt]

noun

FEATURE

特点

IMPROVER

countable

■onepartofasituation,problem,subject,etc.

方面;层面•W