（高考英语作文炼句）第47篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.在过去的五十年里,随着摩天高楼和现代购物中心取代了有数百年历史的建筑和寺庙,北京、上海和其他中国城市被完全改变了模样.Overthepast50years,Beijing,ShanghaiandotherChinesecitieshavebeen

transformedbeyondrecognition(1.被完全改变了模样),asskyscrapersandmodernshoppingcentershave

supplanted

(2.取代)centuries-oldbuildingsandtemples.

1-betransformedbeyondrecognition

词典释义：transformUK

[træns'fɔ：m]

US

[-'fɔ：rm]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tochangecompletelytheappearanceorcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallysothattheyareimproved

使彻底改观;使大变样•Thereorganizationwill

transform

theBritishentertainmentindustry.这次重组将使英国的娱乐业大为改观.•[R]Wheneveracamerawaspointedather,Marilynwouldinstantly

transform

herself

into

aradiantstar.每当摄像机对准她的时候,玛丽莲会立刻将自己变成一个耀眼的明星.

beyondbelief/recognition

phrase

used

forsayingthatyoucannotbelieveorrecognizesomething

ThecentreofManchesterhaschangedbeyondallrecognition.

外刊例句：While

thethereminhaschangedlittle,theondesMartenothas

transformedbeyondrecognition.()尽管特雷门琴没多大改变,马特诺音波琴已经完全变了样.

替换表达：havebeenchangedbeyondrecognition

2-supplant

词典释义：supplantUK

[sə'plɑ：nt]

US

[-'plænt]

slightly

formal

verb

transitive

■toreplace

取代,代替•Inmostoffices,thetypewriterhasnowbeen

supplanted

bythecomputer.在大多数办公室中,打字机现在都已经被电脑取代了.•Smallchildrencanoftenfeel

supplanted

intheir

parents'affections(=thattheirparentsnolongerlikethemasmuch)whena

newbrotherorsisterisborn.当弟弟或妹妹出生后,小孩子常常会觉得自己在父母心中的地位被取代了.

外刊例句：Factorssuchasinherentvolatilitymeans

digitalcurrencyunlikelytowinoverenoughusersto

supplant

existingbankingsystem.

()继承不确定性等因素意味着,电子货币系统难以赢得足够多的使用者来取代现存的银行货币系统.

替换表达：replace/displace

Q：beyondrecognition查词典大部分例句都显示这个词组表达的感情色彩是略带贬义的,请问这里用合适嘛?A：beyondrecognition也可以用来指好的变化,例如《经济学人》例句：Thetelephonehas

changed

beyondrecognition

sinceitsinventionin1876,andisnowboththemost

personal,mostsocialandmostrapidlyevolvingtechnologicaldevice.

2.中国的历史建筑应该被保护,因为它们有丰富的历史和教育价值.尽管中国是世界上最古老的文明之一,有超过五千年的历史,这个国家很多最古老的历史遗迹都已经因为现代化而消失.China's

historicbuildings

(1.历史建筑)shouldbepreservedfortheirrichculturalandeducationalvalue.DespiteChinabeing

oneoftheworld'smostancientcivilizations(2.世界上最古老的文明之一),withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,manyofthecountry'soldest

historicmonuments

(3.历史遗迹)havealreadybeen

losttomodernization(4.因为现代化而消失).

1-historicbuildings

词典释义：historicUK

[hɪ'stɒr.ɪk]

US

[-'stɔ：r-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■importantorlikelytobeimportantinhistory

历史上著名(或重要)的,有历史意义的•historic

buildings有历史意义的建筑•a

historic

day/moment具有历史意义的日子／时刻•Ina

historic

vote,theChurchofEnglanddecided

toallowwomentobecomepriests.英国圣公会在一项具有历史意义的表决中决定女性可以担任牧师.

外刊例句：Perhaps,

though,suchcarelessnessabout

historic

buildings

shouldcomeasnosurprise.()然而,对于历史古建筑的如此漫不经心也许并不令人感到惊讶.

替换表达：historicmonuments

学生错误表达：Historicarchitectures点评：architecture是不可数名词,这里应该改为historicarchitecture

2-oneoftheworld'smostancient

civilizations

词典释义：ancient['eɪn.tʃənt]

adjective

IMPROVER

■oforfromalongtimeago,havinglastedforaverylong

time

古代的;古老的;年代久远的•ancient

civilizations/rights/laws古代文明／自古有之的权利／古代法律•ancient

monuments/ruins/woodlands古碑／古代遗迹／古老的林地•the

ancient

kingdomsofMexico墨西哥的古代王国•Peoplehavelivedinthisvalleysince

ancient

times.人们自古就居住在这个山谷里.•History,

ancient

andmodern

,hastaught

thesepeopleanintensedistrustoftheirneighbours.古今历史向这些人灌输了对其邻国极度不信任的思想.

civilization

[ˌsɪv.əl.aɪ'zeɪ.ʃən]

noun

(ALSOUKusuallycivilisation)

DEVELOPED

SOCIETY

文明社会

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■humansocietywithitswelldevelopedsocial

organizations,orthecultureandwayoflifeofasocietyorcountryata

particularperiodintime

文明社会;(特定时期特定社会或国家的)文明,文化

•Somepeoplethinkthatnuclearwarwouldmeantheendof

civilization.有人认为核战争将意味著文明的终结.•Cuzcowasthecentreofoneoftheworld'smostfamous

civilizations,

thatoftheIncas.库斯科是世界上最著名的文明之一,即印加文明的中心.

外刊例句：Marrsurmised,havingtraversedthrough

ancientcivilizations

andthehistory

ofman,thatifhumanityistohaveanyhopeofanythingresemblinga

successfulfuture,wemusteitherradicallychangeourexploitationof

naturalresourcesorradicallyreduceourworldpopulation.

()马尔在穿越见识了各古代文明和人类历史进程后,推测道,若人类仍想拥有美好未来,就得要么彻底改变对自然资源的利用,要么大幅度减少人口数量.

学生错误表达：oneofthe

oldestcivilizationintheworld点评：oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词,其中名词应该使用复数形式,这里应该改为oneoftheoldest

civilizationsintheworld

3-historicmonuments

词典释义：ancient/historicmonument

■anoldbuildingor

placewhichisanimportantpartofacountry'shistory

历史遗迹,遗址,名胜古迹•PartsoftheBerlinwallarebeingallowedtostandas

historic

monuments.当局允许把柏林围墙的一部分保留下来,作为历史遗迹.

外刊例句：Thissortofdiscordhasledtocivilwarin

Mali,bombattacksinPakistanandthedestructionof

historicmonuments

inSaudiArabia.

()如此纷争已引发了马里内战,导致了巴基斯坦遭受炸弹袭击,并使得沙特·阿拉伯的历史遗迹毁于一旦.

替换表达：ancientmonuments/historicsites

4-belosttomodernization

词典释义：losesth

tosb/sth•Wewerelosing

customerstocheaperrivals.我们的客户被出价更低的竞争对手抢去了.•Shewasaboutto

loseherhusbandtoayoungerwoman.她就要被一个更年轻的女人抢去丈夫.•Californiahas

lost90%ofitswetlandstodevelopment.加州有90%的湿地都被用于开发建设了.

外刊例句：Thereisnosensethatprocessesof

modernisation

causeanypoverty.

()现代化进程会导致贫穷,这纯粹是无稽之谈.

替换表达：havedisappearedbecauseofsomething

Q：老师请问下historic和historical的区别因为看了解释还是对什么时候用有点模糊?A：historic和historical是近义词,这里用historic/historical

buildings都可以.

DespiteChinabeingoneoftheworld'smost

ancientcivilizationswithahistoryofmorethan5,000years,manyofthe

country'soldesthistoricmonumentshavealreadybeenlostto

modernization.

[分析]本句的主干是manyofthecountry'soldesthistoricmonumentshavealreadybeen

lost,这是一个主系表结构,主语是manyofthecountry'soldest

historicmonuments,表语是lost,其后的介词短语tomodernization作状语,表原因.逗号之前的部分是由Despite引导的让步状语,这是一个非谓语结构,其主干是Chinabeingoneoftheworld'smostancientcivilizations,其后withahistoryofmorethan5,000years作伴随状语.

3.今天,深圳、广州和其他的中国大都市里到处充斥着公寓楼、高层办公大楼以及巨型购物中心.这些建筑物尽管可以为居民和职员提供方便和现代化的舒适设施,但他们通常看起来很平淡,缺乏艺术价值.Today,Shenzhen,GuangzhouandotherChinese

metropolises

(1.大都市)arefilledwith

apartmentcomplexes(2.公寓楼),officetowersandmega-malls.Thesestructures,despiteofferingconvenienceand

moderncomforts

(3.现代化的舒适设施)toresidentsandemployees,tendtobevisuallyplainandlackingin

artisticvalue(4.艺术价值).

1-metropolises

词典释义：metropolis

UK

[mə'trɒp.əl.ɪs]

US

[-'trɑ：.pəl-]

noun

countable

formal

■averylargecity,oftenthemostimportantcityina

largeareaorcountry

大城市,大都会;首府;首都•Soonafterwardshelefttobeginhiscareerinthe

metropolis.不久之后他就迁移到大城市去开展事业了.•asprawling/bustling/modern

metropolis不断向外扩展的／繁忙的／现代化的大都市

外刊例句：Globalisationhascreatedahandfulof

metropolises

thatattractpeople,

capitalandideasfromallovertheworld,almostirrespectiveofhowtheir

nationaleconomyisdoing.

()在全球化的影响下,小部分大都市应运而生,吸引着来自世界各地的人才、资本和奇思妙想,似乎无论其所属经济体运转如何都与其无关.

替换表达：big/largecities,megacities

2-apartmentcomplexes

词典释义：apartmentUK

[ə'pɑ：t.mənt]

US

[-'pɑ：rt-]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

mainlyUS(UKusually

flat)

■asetofroomsforlivingin,especiallyononefloorof

abuilding

(尤指在同一楼层的)公寓套房•I'llgiveyouthekeystomy

apartment.我会把我公寓的锁匙给你.•Theyhavesixholiday/luxury

apartments

forsale.他们有六套渡假／豪华公寓套房出售.

complexnoun

countable

UK

[ˈkɒm.pleks]

US

[ˈkɑːm-]

BUILDING

建筑物

ADVANCED

■alargebuilding

withvariousconnectedroomsorarelatedgroupofbuildings

综合大楼;建筑群•ashopping/sportsandleisure

complex购物／运动休闲中心•USTheyliveinalargeapartment

complex.他们住在一幢大型的公寓楼里.

外刊例句：LandRegistrydataofpast10monthsshows

40,000properties–fromentire

apartment

complexes

towinecellarsandcarparks–registeredintaxhavens.()据过去10个月的土地注册数据显示,40000间房产,从完整的楼宇群到酒窖和停车场,全都注册在税务天堂.

替换表达：apartmentblocks/apartmentbuildings

3-moderncomforts

词典释义：comfortIMPROVER

countable

usuallyplural

■somethingthat

makesyourlifeeasyandpleasant

令人舒适愉悦的事物;舒适的设施(或条件)

•Afterthetrip,itwasnicegettingbacktoafew

home

comforts.旅行后,回来享受家里舒适的生活真是惬意.•She'salwayslikedher

creature

comforts

(=thetypeofpleasurefoundinthehouse,forexamplewarmth,food,etc.).她一贯喜欢自己家里的舒适环境.

外刊例句：ApartmentbuildingsinspiredbytheBauhaus

movementbutgivenaGreektwist–withshutteredwindowsandenclosed

balconies–proliferatedacrossthecapitalasthebourgeoisieshunned

neoclassicaldesignfor

modern

comforts.

()随着那些资产阶级开始抛弃新古典主义设计风格,转而追求现代化舒适设施,那些深受包豪斯建筑运动启发的又有点希腊式风格的公寓建筑正在首都不断增多.这些建筑都配备着落地式封闭玻璃和紧闭的阳台.

替换表达：modernamenities

学生错误表达：(1)moderninfrastructures点评：infrastructure是指公路、铁路、银行等基础设施,例如：Somecountrieslackasuitableeconomicinfrastructure.一些国家缺乏适当的经济基础设施.不可以用moderninfrastructures来表示"现代舒适设施”.(2)modernizedequipment点评：equipment是指完成某项工作或活动所需的装备、设备、用具,例如：somebrandnewcomputerequipment一些全新的计算机设备,在这里用modernizedequipment来指"现代舒适设施”不妥.

4-artisticvalue

词典释义：artisticUK

[ɑ：'tɪs.tɪk]

US

[ɑ：r-]

adjective

ADVANCED

[beforenoun]

■relatingtoart

艺术的;美术的

•the

artistic

directorofthetheatre剧院美术指导•artistic

endeavours艺术探索•aworkof

artistic

merit有艺术价值的作品

ADVANCED

■abletocreateorenjoyart

有艺术天赋的;有艺术鉴赏力的•Hisfriendsareall

artistic

-they'repainters,

musiciansandwriters.他的朋友们都很有艺术造诣——他们尽是些画家、音乐家和作家.

外刊例句：MrAithoughttheoutcrywasmisplacedbecause

theheadsarenotChineseandhave"no

artistic

value”.

()艾先生认为公众抗议对象搞错了,那东西的头根本就不是中国人,也没"艺术价值”可言.

替换表达：artisticmerit

学生错误表达：art

value/values点评：这里应该使用固定说法art

value/values

Thesestructures,despiteofferingconvenience

andmoderncomfortstoresidentsandemployees,tendtobevisuallyplainand

lackinginartisticvalue.

[分析]本句的主干是Thesestructures…tendtobevisuallyplain

andlackinginartisticvalue,主语是Thesestructures,谓语是tendtobe,表语是visuallyplainandlacking

inartisticvalue,两个逗号之间的部分是插入语,作让步状语.

4.有些人认为保护太多的古建筑会因为减少了修建现代建筑的空间而限制经济的发展.事实上,历史建筑的保留对一座城市的经济有利.例如北京,要不是因为紫禁城、天坛和其他古代遗址增加了这座城市的吸引力,就不会像今天一样吸引数十亿美元的旅游消费.Somepeoplearguethatpreservingtoomanyancientstructureswouldlimiteconomicdevelopmentbycappingthespaceavailableto

erect

(1.修建)modernbuildings.Infact,thepreservationofhistoricbuildingsisactually

intheeconomicinterestsof

(2.对……的经济有利)acity.Beijing,forexample,couldnotattractthebillionsofdollarsin

touristspending(3.旅游消费)thatitdoes,

ifnotfor

(4.如果不是)theexistenceoftheForbiddenCity,theTempleofHeavenandotherancientsitesthatenhancethecity'sappeal.

1-erect

词典释义：erect[ɪ'rekt]

verb

transitive

formal

BUILD

建造

■tobuildabuilding,wallorotherstructure

建立;建造•Thewarmemorialwas

erected

in1950.这座战争纪念碑建于1950年.•Thesoldiershad

erected

barricadestoprotect

themselves.士兵们筑起了街垒用以自卫.

外刊例句：Hecametohisrolein2007fromAsir

province,wherehisplansto

erect

moderntowerblocksinthecityofAbhawerelargelyunfulfilled.

()他于2007年从阿西尔省到此就职,他计划在阿巴哈城建一现代化高层建筑,不过最后却没建成多少.

替换表达：construct/putup

学生错误表达：fixing点评：fix是指"修理”,例如：He'soutsidefixingthebrakesonthecar.他在外面修理汽车的刹车.不可以用fix来指"修建建筑物”.

2-intheeconomicinterestsof

词典释义：inthe

interestsofsth/sb5.N-COUNT

可数名词

利益;福利

Ifsomethingisinthe

interests

ofaparticularpersonorgroup,itwillbenefittheminsome

way.•Didthosedirectorsactinthebest

interestsoftheirclub?...

那些董事行事时是以他们俱乐部的最大利益为出发点吗?

•Thesocialworkerwouldtrytogethertoseeshewas

actingagainsttheboy's

interests.这位社会工作者会设法让她明白她这么做对这个男孩没有好处.

外刊例句：All

thethingsweproposeare

inthe

economicinterests

of

countriesontheirownterms.()我们的一切建议都是为了国家本身的利益着想.

替换表达：(be)ofadvantageforsth

学生错误表达：beneficialtoeconomyofacity点评：economy前面应该加定冠词the,即beneficialtotheeconomyofacity

3-touristspending

词典释义：tourist

UK

['tʊə.rɪst/

UK

['tɔ：-]

US

['tʊr.ɪst]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■someonewhovisitsaplaceforpleasureandinterest,

usuallywhiletheyareonholiday

旅游者,游客

•Millionsof

tourists

visitRomeeveryyear.每年有数百万游客来到罗马.•Hordes(=verylargegroups)of

tourists

flockto

theMediterraneaneachyear.每年都有潮水般的游客涌向地中海.•DisneyworldisoneofFlorida'smajor

tourist

attractions.迪士尼乐园是佛罗里达州的主要旅游景点之一.•Theislandisverybusyduringthe

tourist

season.这个岛在旅游旺季很繁忙.

spending['spen.dɪŋ]

noun

uncountable

IMPROVER

■themoneywhichisusedforaparticularpurpose,

especiallybyagovernmentororganization

(尤指政府或组织的)开支,支出,开销

•government

spending

on

health政府在医疗保健方面的支出•spending

cuts削减开支•Consumer

spending

hasmorethandoubledinthelast

tenyears.消费者的支出在过去十年中增加了一倍多.

外刊例句：Averageper-capita

touristspending

inthefirstninemonthsoftheyearwasdown

28%;evenwiththeslightincreaseinarrivals,totaltourismincomehas

fallenbymorethan$2billion.

()这年前三季度的人均旅游消费下降了28%,即便旅客数量增多了,总体旅游收入下降了超过20亿美元.

学生错误表达：touristconsumin