（高考英语作文炼句）第37篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.尽管年轻人偶尔换工作是有益的,过多的跳槽却有损他们的就业能力,以及会干扰他们的生活.Althoughtheoccasionalchangeofjobmaybeofbenefittoyoungpeople,

rampantjob-hopping

(1.过多的跳槽)islikelytohindertheir

employability(2.就业能力)anddisrupttheirlives.

1-rampantjob-hopping

词典释义：rampant['ræm.pənt]

adjective

INCREASING

增加的

■(ofsomethingbad)gettingworsequicklyandinan

uncontrolledway

(不好的事情)猖獗的,泛滥的•rampantcorruption腐败猖獗•Rampantinflationmeansthatourwageincreasessoonbecomeworthnothing.通货膨胀涨个不停,这意味着我们增长的工资很快就一钱不值了.•Hesaidthathehadencountered

rampant

prejudice

inhisattemptstogetajob.他说他在找工作时,四处遭受歧视.•Diseaseis

rampant

intheovercrowdedcity.疾病在过分拥挤的城市中肆虐.

job-hopping

n.Informal

(名词)【非正式用语】Thepracticeofchangingjobsfrequently,

especiallyasameansofquickfinancialgainorcareeradvancement.频繁更换职业：频繁更换职业的行为,尤指为了获得近期经济利益或事业发展而频繁更换职业的做法

外刊例句：Corruptionis

rampant,

andtariffsarehigh.

()腐败现象猖獗,关税居高不下.

替换表达：frequentjob-hopping/changingjobstoooften

学生错误表达：(1)

Toomany

job-hopping点评：job-hopping是不可数名词,这里应该改为toomuchjob-hopping

2-employability

词典释义：Nounemployability

(usually

\o"Appendix：Glossary"uncountable,

plural

\o"employabilities"employabilities)(\o"Appendix：Glossary"uncountable)

Thestateorqualityofbeing

\o"employable"employable(\o"Appendix：Glossary"countable)

Theproductorresultofbeing

\o"employable"employable

外刊例句：Thedebatearound

employability

andskillsisimportant,butwemustnotlosesightofthecriticaland

theoreticaltalentuniversitiesarealsorequiredtodeliver,saysDavid

Docherty.

()大卫·多切尔迪称,围绕着就业能力和工作技能的讨论固然重要,但我们可不能忽视了另一点——大学同样需要培育出富有批判思维和丰富理论知识的人才.

学生错误表达：(1)

employment

ability点评：没有employment

ability的说法,应该改为employability

Q：老师,这里的job前面为什么没有a呀?它不是可数吗?theoccasionalchangeofjobA：changeofjob是一个固定说法,例如《卫报》句子：Ittookmeanotherthreeyears,

achangeofjob

toanevenbiggerAmericaninvestmentmanagement

houseandtheglobalfinancialcrisistorealisethatIdidn'twantthis

lifestyleanymore.这个表达可以记住.

2.每次换工作,年轻人可能都要重新适应新的工作时间、不同的上班路线,或许还有不同的着装规范.在两份工作中间的待业期也会使年轻人遭受不稳定的收入以及不知道何时能领下一份薪水的心理压力.Witheverychangeofemployment,youngpeoplemayhavetoadjusttonewworkinghours,adifferent

commutingroute(1.上班路线),andpossiblyadifferent

dresscode(2.着装规范).

Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

(3.两份工作中间的待业期)couldalsocauseyoungpeopletosufferfromanunstableincomeaswellasthepsychologicalstressofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck.

1-commutingroute

词典释义：commute[kə'mju：t]

verb

TRAVEL

旅行

intransitive

■tomakethesamejourneyregularlybetweenworkandhome

上下班往返;往返于工作地点与家之间;通勤•It'sexhausting

commuting

from

Brighton

to

Londoneveryday.每天上下班要往返于布莱顿与伦敦之间,令人疲惫不堪.

routeUK

[ru：t]

US

[ru：t/

UK

[raʊt]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■aparticularwayordirectionbetweenplaces

路线;路途;航线•The

route

wehadplannedtookusrightacross

Greece.我们计划走的路线正好穿过希腊.•Ilive

on

abus

route

soIcaneasilygetto

work.我的住处有一条公共汽车路线,所以上班很方便.

外刊例句：Orthe£4,500(includingtube)whippedofftravellersfrom

Harlow,Essex,intoLondon–just27miles–which,permile,isthemost

expensive

commutingroute

in

Britain.

()另外,旅行者从哈罗镇和埃塞克斯区到伦敦,这短短的27英里竟要花4500英镑(包括地铁费用),就每公里的花费而言,这可谓是英国最昂贵的上班路线.

学生错误表达：(1)

work

route/workingroute点评：应该改为固定说法commuting

route

2-dresscode

词典释义：dresscode

noun

countableusuallysingular

UKanacceptedwayof

dressingforaparticularoccasionorinaparticularsocialgroup

衣着规范,穿着要求•Mosteveningsthere'sapartyandthedresscodeisstrict

-blacktieonly.晚上大多都有派对,而且穿着要求很严格——必须穿晚礼服.■US

■asetofrulesforwhatyoucanwear

穿着规定•Myschoolhadaverystrictdresscode.我学校的穿着规定非常严格.

外刊例句：The

strict

dresscode

doesn’tmean

thereisnoroomforpersonalexpressionorfashion.()严厉的着装要求并不意味着无法表达个人风格或难以追求时尚.

3-unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

词典释义：intervalUK

['ɪn.tə.vəl]

US

[-tˌɚ-]

noun

countable

SPACE

空间

■aperiodbetweentwoeventsortimes,orthespace

betweentwopoints

间隔;间距•Weseeeachotherat

regular

intervals

-

usuallyaboutonceamonth.我们定期见面——通常大约是每月一次.•There'softenalong

interval

between

an

authorcompletingabookanditappearingintheshops.从作者完成一本书到它出现在书店里常常有一段较长的间隔.

unemployed

[ˌʌn.ɪm'plɔɪd]

adjective

IMPROVER

■nothavingajobthatprovidesmoney

失业的;待业的•He'sbeen

unemployed

foroverayear.他失业一年多了.

外刊例句：Itproperlyfilledtheinevitable

intervalsbetween

coursesingrandhouseholds,when,aswithan

after-dinnerspeech,peoplelistenedtowhatwasonoffer.()它能很好地填补大家族聚餐时用餐前不可避免的间隔,这时人们刚于餐桌上聊完天,正耐心倾听有什么菜肴供应.

可供替换的表达：theperiodofunemploymentbetweenjobs

学生错误表达：(1)

job-waiting

time点评：job-waitingtime这一说法很少见,可以改为unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobscouldalsocauseyoung

peopletosufferfromanunstableincomeaswellasthepsychologicalstress

ofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck.

[分析]本句的主干是Unemployedintervals

betweenjobscouldalsocauseyoungpeopletosuffer,主语是Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs,谓语是could

alsocause,宾语是youngpeople,后面的部分是一个不定式结构作宾语补足语,介词from之后是由aswellas连接的并列名词短语anunstableincome和thepsychologicalstress

ofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck,共同作from的宾语,在第二个名词短语中,名词性从句whentheywill

receivetheirnextpaycheck作knowing的宾语.

3.尽管大多数人一生当中会从事几份工作,但重要的是每一次工作更换都应该是理性的.不论是因急功近利还是出于习惯,连续跳槽的行为对年轻人来说是失败之举.Whilemostpeoplewillholdseveraljobsduringtheirlifetime,itisimportantthateachjobchangeis

well-reasoned(1.理性的).Whether

inpursuitofshort-termgain

(2.急功近利)ortheresultofhabit,

serial

(3.连续)job-hoppingis

alosingbet

(4.失败之举)foryoungpeople.

1-well-reasoned

词典释义：reasoned

●○○○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

详尽论述的;理由充分的;有理有据的

A

reasoned

discussion

orargumentisbasedonsensiblereasons,ratherthanonanappealto

people'semotions.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn

【语用信息】：approval•Abortionisanissuewhichproduceslittle

reasoned

argument.对堕胎这个问题很少有理智的看法.

外刊例句：Fosteringevidence-basedand

well-reasoned

debateisanantidoteagainstthealarmingincrease

inconstituencieswhobelievethatinterpretationsofthepastcanexist

outsideeitherevidenceorreason.

()越来越多选民相信历史的解读可以无根无据,实在令人担忧,而形成基于事实的理性辩论将有效缓解这种趋势.

替换表达：rational/reasonable

2-short-termgain

词典释义：short-term

●●●○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

短期的;近期的

Short-term

isused

todescribethingsthatwilllastforashorttime,orthingsthatwillhave

aneffectsoonratherthaninthedistantfuture.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•Investorsweren'tconcernedabout

short-term

profitsoverthenextfewyears...投资者对未来几年里的短期收益并不感兴趣.•Thisisacynicalmanipulationofthesituationfor

short-term

politicalgain...这是为了获取短期政治利益而损人利己地对局势进行操纵.

•Thecompanyhas90staff,almostallon

short-term

contracts...公司有90名员工,几乎全是签的短期合同.•The

short-term

outlookforemploymentremainsgloomy...近期的就业前景依然暗淡.•Thereisnoeasy

short-term

solutiontoBritain'seconomicmalaise.没有什么办法在短期内就可以轻易解决英国的经济问题.

gain[geɪn]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

SOMETHING

OBTAINED

得到东西

IMPROVER

■whenyouget

somethingusefulorpositive

获得,得到;收益,获利

•Whatevertheobjectionstothissortoftreatment,the

gains

intermsofthenumberoflivessavedaresubstantial.不管对这种疗法存在何种异议,就其挽救了众多生命这一点而言,它的意义还是重大的.•Theministerwassackedforabusingpowerforhis

personal

gain.部长因滥用权力谋取私利而被解雇.

外刊例句：Docriminalstrade

short-term

gain

forlong-termpain?Economistshavelongsuspectedthatthosewho

commitcrimesplacelessvalueonthefuturethanlaw-abidingcitizens.

()罪犯是在用长期痛苦换去一时享乐吗?经济学家一直怀疑：罪犯比起奉公守法的公民更轻视未来.

替换表达：short-termbenefits

3-serial

词典释义：serial2.ADJ

形容词

连续的;连环的

Serial

killingsorattacksareaseriesofkillingsorattackscommitted

bythesameperson.Thispersonisknownasa

serial

killerorattacker.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•...serial

murders...连环凶杀案

•The

serial

killerclaimedtohavekilled400people.那名连环杀手声称已经杀了400人.

外刊例句：Accordingtonewresearch,

serial

job-hopping-andevencareer-hopping-isfastbecoming

commonplace.

()最新调查显示,连续换工作,甚至是连续跨行业跳槽已经快变得习而为常.

4-alosingbet

词典释义：losingadj.(形容词)1.Failingtowin,asinasportorgame：失败的：未能获胜的,如在运动或比赛中：alosingteam;alosing

lotteryticket.失败的队;未中的彩券2.Oforrelatingtoonethatfailstowin：失败者的：失败者的或与失败者相关的：alosingseason;alosing

battle.失败的季节;失败的战斗

bet[bet]

verb

(betting,bet,

bet)

IMPROVER

intransitive

or

transitive

■toriskmoneyontheresultofaneventoracompetition,

suchasahorserace,inthehopeofwinningmoremoney

打赌;赌博•Heregularlygoestotheracesand

bets

heavily.他常去赌马,而且都下重注.•She

bet

£500000

on

the

horsewhichcameinsecond.她在那匹跑了第二名的马身上,下了50万英镑的赌注.•[+twoobjects][+(that)]I

bet

you$25

that

I'llgettherebeforeyou.我和你赌25美元,我一定比你早到.

外刊例句：Thisuncertaintyiswhatkeepsmarketsbettingagainstthe

eurozonedespitethenear-universalinsistenceamongEuropeanleadersthat

it'sgoingtobe

alosingbet.()尽管欧盟各国领袖都几乎一致认为欧元区将是失败之举,这种(市场)不确定性仍让许多商人愿意赌一赌它.

替换表达：alosingbattle/afailure

Q：Whetheritisbecauseofshort-terminterestoris

becauseofoutofcustom可以省略表达为Whetheritisbecause

ofshort-terminterestorisoutofcustom吗,谢谢老师A：可以,但是outofcustom要改为outof

habit

Q：Whetherit'sbecauseofthequickbuckoroutof

habit句中的or可以换成and吗?A：不可以,whether…or…是一个固定搭配,不能说whether…and…

Q：字典中serial的释义和例句均和"(重罪案犯或重案)”有关,请问老师为什么在这里可以形容跳槽?A：serial除了可以用来形容罪犯之外,还可以用来表示"连续做某事”,例如麦克米伦词典对serial有一个解释就是：doingsomethingorhappening

severaltimesinthesameway

Q：it'sforquicksuccessoroutofhabit这个短语中,outofhabit是用单数好还是复数好?A：outofhabit应该用单数,例如BBC例句：WhenwesayafootballerlikeMessiactsoninstinct,

outofhabit

orduetohistraining,

wedistancewhattheydofromthatwehearechoingwithinourownheads.

Q：对于年轻人,用for还是to?A：应该说foryoungpeople

Q：老师您好,请问reasonable和rational是否能用来表达

"理性的”呢?A：可以.

Q：这种whether是否需要放在句首,谢谢The

postgraduatestudywhetherisavaluableinvestmentdependsonsomefactorsA：whether需要放句首,句子要改为Whetherpostgraduate

studiesareavaluableinvestmentdependsonsomefactors

Whetherinpursuitofshort-termgainortheresultof

habit,serialjob-hoppingisalosingbetforyoungpeople.

[分析]本句的主干是逗号之后的部分,这是一个主系表结构,主语是serial

job-hopping,系动词是is,表语是a

losingbet,状语是foryoungpeople.逗号之前是由whether…or…引导的让步状语从句,表明了一个选择范围.

4.研究生学习是否是一项有价值的投资取决于几个因素,包括一个人的学术专业、工作经验和职业目标.为了尽可能减小未来后悔的可能性,学生需要认真考虑他们的选择,做出理性决策.Whethergraduatestudiesare

aworthwhileinvestment

(1.有价值的投资)dependsonseveralfactors,includingone'sacademicmajor,workexperienceandcareergoals.Tominimize

(2.尽可能减小)thepossibilityoffutureregret,studentsshould

weigh

(3.认真考虑)theiroptionsandmaketheirchoicerationally.

1-aworthwhileinvestment

词典释义：worthwhile

UK

[ˌwɜ：θ'waɪl]

US

[ˌwɝ：θ-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■useful,importantorgoodenoughtobeasuitablereward

forthemoneyortimespentortheeffortmade

值得的;值得花钱(或时间、精力)的•Sheconsidersteachinga

worthwhile

career.她把教书看成是一项值得从事的事业.•Thetimeandexpenseinvolvedinkeepinguptodatewith

allthechangeshasbeen

worthwhile.为跟上所有这些变动而花费的时间和费用是值得的.•Ifyouneedhimonthisproject,you'vegotto

make

it

financially

worthwhile

forhim(=youwillhavetopayhima

suitableamountofmoneyfortheamountofworkinvolved).如果你需要他参与这个专案计划,你就要适当给他付钱,令他觉得值得一做.

investment

[ɪn'vest.mənt]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■theactofputtingmoney,effort,time,etc.into

somethingtomakeaprofitorgetanadvantage,orthemoney,effort,time,

etc.usedtodothis

投资(付诸金钱、努力、时间等以求得到利润或取得成就某事的有利条件);投资物,投资额

•Stocksareregardedasgoodlong-term

investments.证券被认为是很好的长期投资产品.•Theaccountrequiresaminimum

investment

of

£1000.这个帐户最少需要存入1000英镑.•There'sbeenasignificant

investment

oftimeand

energyinordertomaketheprojectasuccess.为了这个专案计划的成功,已经投入了大量的时间和精力.

外刊例句：The

planistogatheroperatingdataonwhetherrotorsailsare

aworthwhileinvestment.()该计划就是手机相关数据,估量rotorsail是否值得投资.

替换表达：aprofitable/sound/valuableinvestment

学生错误表达：(1)

avaluable

investigation点评：investigation是指"调查,侦察”,不能与investment混淆.(2)

avaluable

investments点评：单复数搭配错误,应该改为a

valuableinvestment(3)

avaluable

invest点评：invest是动词,这里应该改为investment

2-minimize

词典释义：minimize(UK

usually

minimise)['mɪn.ɪ.maɪz]

verb

transitive

■toreducesomethingtotheleastpossibleleveloramount

使降到最低限度;使减到最少•Wemust

minimize

theriskof

infectio